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THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR The nervous system Psychologists study the NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the BRAIN, because it is the basis of all behavior The NEURON is the fundamental unit of the nervous system NEURONS Neurons are nerve cells that receive and transmit information Sensory neurons: info from the senses Motor neurons: info on movement Interneurons: info between neurons SYNAPSE: the space between neurons where they communicate How neurons work Neurons produce small electrical currents When a neuron is stimulated, signals are sent to neighboring neurons through chemicals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) Neurons fire at full strength or not at all— this is the NEURAL IMPULSE How neurons work The impulse forces the terminal buttons to release chemicals into the SYNAPSE The chemicals attach to the next neuron Depending on what the neurotransmitters tell the neurons, they excite or inhibit a response Axons carry info away from the cell body, dendrites pick up and carry info to the cell Other Brain Cells GLIAL CELLS: These cells outnumber neurons by about 10-1 They assist neurons by providing nutrition and structural support, and by removing waste products. ASTROCYTES: provide connections between neurons and blood vessels