lab manager`s independent guide to purchasing an optical
... Benchtop microscopes are the work horses of laboratory microscopes. They have an enormous range of applications in biomedicine, metallurgy and industrial sciences. ...
... Benchtop microscopes are the work horses of laboratory microscopes. They have an enormous range of applications in biomedicine, metallurgy and industrial sciences. ...
Excitation-contraction Coupling in the Heart and the Negative
... From studying Ca2⫹ sparks we now know that excitation-contraction coupling in the heart is attributable to the spatio-temporal summation of a very large number of “elementary” Ca2⫹ sparks.37,42,43 It has been estimated that during excitation-contraction coupling the spontaneous spark rate is increas ...
... From studying Ca2⫹ sparks we now know that excitation-contraction coupling in the heart is attributable to the spatio-temporal summation of a very large number of “elementary” Ca2⫹ sparks.37,42,43 It has been estimated that during excitation-contraction coupling the spontaneous spark rate is increas ...
SACpaper-TMG12-27 FS..
... EGTA are often used to infer local Ca2+ functions in cells. Although BAPTA and EGTA have similar equilibrium affinities for Ca2+, the binding rate of BAPTA is 50-400 times faster than EGTA (Tsien, 1980). The slow on-rate for EGTA allows high concentrations of Ca2+ to be generated near open channels, ...
... EGTA are often used to infer local Ca2+ functions in cells. Although BAPTA and EGTA have similar equilibrium affinities for Ca2+, the binding rate of BAPTA is 50-400 times faster than EGTA (Tsien, 1980). The slow on-rate for EGTA allows high concentrations of Ca2+ to be generated near open channels, ...
The Neuronal Endomembrane System
... membranous tubules. Often, two or more tubules will run side by side and describe curving patterns. In some of the other cis element forms, it lies close to the cis side of the cis saccule. In the present vesicle-network form of the cis element, however, the cis saccule is not seen. This allows an u ...
... membranous tubules. Often, two or more tubules will run side by side and describe curving patterns. In some of the other cis element forms, it lies close to the cis side of the cis saccule. In the present vesicle-network form of the cis element, however, the cis saccule is not seen. This allows an u ...
Potentiation of acid-sensing ion channels by sulfhydryl compounds
... hASIC1a. We hypothesized that the long-lasting potentiation of hASIC1a currents after DTT removal may be due to reduction of specific amino acids by DTT. To determine whether oxidation of those residues could reverse the effect of DTT, we incubated the cells with DTNB, a compound that covalently mod ...
... hASIC1a. We hypothesized that the long-lasting potentiation of hASIC1a currents after DTT removal may be due to reduction of specific amino acids by DTT. To determine whether oxidation of those residues could reverse the effect of DTT, we incubated the cells with DTNB, a compound that covalently mod ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... The posterior group nucleus of the thalamus (PO) is in a key position of the whisker sensory system. In addition to being part of the ascending paralemniscal pathway it is mainly driven by somatosensory barrel cortex (BC) and projects to many cortical and subcortical areas. Due to its poor excitabil ...
... The posterior group nucleus of the thalamus (PO) is in a key position of the whisker sensory system. In addition to being part of the ascending paralemniscal pathway it is mainly driven by somatosensory barrel cortex (BC) and projects to many cortical and subcortical areas. Due to its poor excitabil ...
Involvement of Dopamine System in Regulation of Na ,K
... The striatum is believed to be a crucial brain region associated with drug reward. Adaptive alteration of neurochemistry in this area might be one potential mechanism underlying drug dependence. It has been proposed that the dysfunction of Na⫹,K⫹-ATPase function is involved in morphine tolerance and ...
... The striatum is believed to be a crucial brain region associated with drug reward. Adaptive alteration of neurochemistry in this area might be one potential mechanism underlying drug dependence. It has been proposed that the dysfunction of Na⫹,K⫹-ATPase function is involved in morphine tolerance and ...
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
... “proximodistal” presentation [22]. In some instances divergent phenotypes can result from identical mutations within the dysferlin gene, which may result from modifier genes or environmental factors such as activity level [19, 23]. Mild cardiac involvement can occasionally be detected in dysferlinop ...
... “proximodistal” presentation [22]. In some instances divergent phenotypes can result from identical mutations within the dysferlin gene, which may result from modifier genes or environmental factors such as activity level [19, 23]. Mild cardiac involvement can occasionally be detected in dysferlinop ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see ...
... highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see ...
Dynamics of Suppression in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
... Lund, 2002). Recently, the temporal properties of surround suppression have been used to analyze its mechanism: the relatively sluggish dynamics and their modest dependence on cortical distance seem to be most consistent with the feedback hypotheses (Bair et al., 2003). The common set of proposed or ...
... Lund, 2002). Recently, the temporal properties of surround suppression have been used to analyze its mechanism: the relatively sluggish dynamics and their modest dependence on cortical distance seem to be most consistent with the feedback hypotheses (Bair et al., 2003). The common set of proposed or ...
A direct role for Sox10 in specification of neural crest
... TUNEL, we have shown that NCCs die, but this occurs in a narrow window between 35 and 45 hours post fertilisation (hpf), after they fail to become fate specified (Dutton et al., 2001b; Kelsh and Raible, ...
... TUNEL, we have shown that NCCs die, but this occurs in a narrow window between 35 and 45 hours post fertilisation (hpf), after they fail to become fate specified (Dutton et al., 2001b; Kelsh and Raible, ...
Differential effects of nipecotic acid and w x 4,5,6,7
... al., 1991. this may indicate that when the carriers are working at maximal activity, the glial cells may be important for removal of GABA. This ability of THPO to elevate the extracellular GABA concentration has also been demonstrated in mixed cultures of GABAergic neurons and astrocytes depolarized ...
... al., 1991. this may indicate that when the carriers are working at maximal activity, the glial cells may be important for removal of GABA. This ability of THPO to elevate the extracellular GABA concentration has also been demonstrated in mixed cultures of GABAergic neurons and astrocytes depolarized ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... increases their efficacy. Furthermore, if multiple enzymes are needed for a distant activity, for example degradation of complex molecules from a solid surface, then OMVs can co-transport proteins so that they reach the remote site simultaneously. Thus, the energy expenditure of the cell in making O ...
... increases their efficacy. Furthermore, if multiple enzymes are needed for a distant activity, for example degradation of complex molecules from a solid surface, then OMVs can co-transport proteins so that they reach the remote site simultaneously. Thus, the energy expenditure of the cell in making O ...
Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone
... astrocyte D2 activity is the hormone-induced binding of D2containing vesicles to filamentous actin (F-actin). This is rapidly followed by the translocation of the actin-bound vesicle to the perinuclear space (5, 10). Myosin motor proteins mediate the translocation of vesicle on actin fibers. Myosins ...
... astrocyte D2 activity is the hormone-induced binding of D2containing vesicles to filamentous actin (F-actin). This is rapidly followed by the translocation of the actin-bound vesicle to the perinuclear space (5, 10). Myosin motor proteins mediate the translocation of vesicle on actin fibers. Myosins ...
Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on motoneuron survival
... identified as the most abundant source of CNTF (Manthorpe et al. 1986) wherefrom it was purified to homogeneity as a basis for microsequencing and finally molecular cloning (Stöckli et al. 1989, 1991). In contrast to nerve growth factor (NGF) and other members ofthe NGF-gene family, i.e. brain-deriv ...
... identified as the most abundant source of CNTF (Manthorpe et al. 1986) wherefrom it was purified to homogeneity as a basis for microsequencing and finally molecular cloning (Stöckli et al. 1989, 1991). In contrast to nerve growth factor (NGF) and other members ofthe NGF-gene family, i.e. brain-deriv ...
Read as PDF
... motor programs elicited in this manner are predominantly ingestive (Susswein et al., 1996) and are likely to be biting motor programs (Rosen et al., 1997). During carbachol-elicited programs we found that bursts of activity in B66 were out-of-phase with bursts of activity in B4/5 and out-of-phase wi ...
... motor programs elicited in this manner are predominantly ingestive (Susswein et al., 1996) and are likely to be biting motor programs (Rosen et al., 1997). During carbachol-elicited programs we found that bursts of activity in B66 were out-of-phase with bursts of activity in B4/5 and out-of-phase wi ...
Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and
... 500 to 800 nm (Jakobs, 2006). Classical electron microscopy (Fig. 1B), which is based on the imaging of 60- to 80-nm-thick plastic sections, has an x/y axis resolution of approximately 5 nm and a z axis resolution of 120 to 160 nm (approximately twice the section thickness). Although this z axis res ...
... 500 to 800 nm (Jakobs, 2006). Classical electron microscopy (Fig. 1B), which is based on the imaging of 60- to 80-nm-thick plastic sections, has an x/y axis resolution of approximately 5 nm and a z axis resolution of 120 to 160 nm (approximately twice the section thickness). Although this z axis res ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
Active Transport of the Survival Motor Neuron Protein and
... were cultured for 3 d and fixed for double label immunofluorescence staining with a monoclonal antibody to SMN (red) and a rabbit (Zhang et al., 2001), neurons were transfected polyclonalantibodytotau(green),asanaxonalmarker.SMNformedgranulesthatlocalizedtotheaxonalprocess(arrows)anditsgrowth with a ...
... were cultured for 3 d and fixed for double label immunofluorescence staining with a monoclonal antibody to SMN (red) and a rabbit (Zhang et al., 2001), neurons were transfected polyclonalantibodytotau(green),asanaxonalmarker.SMNformedgranulesthatlocalizedtotheaxonalprocess(arrows)anditsgrowth with a ...
Neurotransmitters - Amazon Web Services
... nearly as effective or of equal effectiveness to some antidepressants. Interestingly, it takes less than 2 weeks for an antidepressant response to occur, while antidepressant drugs generally take 2–4 weeks. 5HTP also has no significant side effects. ...
... nearly as effective or of equal effectiveness to some antidepressants. Interestingly, it takes less than 2 weeks for an antidepressant response to occur, while antidepressant drugs generally take 2–4 weeks. 5HTP also has no significant side effects. ...
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.