final exam review
... d. Slow e. Large ____ 156. Located on the dorsal side of an endocrine gland in the neck: a. Pituitary gland b. Parathyroid glands c. Adrenal glands d. Mammary glands e. Salivary glands ____ 157. Recombinant DNA: a. Pregnancy that is out of place b. Artificial kidney machine c. Backward development d ...
... d. Slow e. Large ____ 156. Located on the dorsal side of an endocrine gland in the neck: a. Pituitary gland b. Parathyroid glands c. Adrenal glands d. Mammary glands e. Salivary glands ____ 157. Recombinant DNA: a. Pregnancy that is out of place b. Artificial kidney machine c. Backward development d ...
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... with an outlet for my frustrations and fun and supportive social environment. A very big ‘Thank You’ to my son, Christopher, who has grown up with me being in the lab and who has spent countless hours at the lab himself. Thank you for your maturity and understanding, especially when I just couldn’t ...
... with an outlet for my frustrations and fun and supportive social environment. A very big ‘Thank You’ to my son, Christopher, who has grown up with me being in the lab and who has spent countless hours at the lab himself. Thank you for your maturity and understanding, especially when I just couldn’t ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
... functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemical techniques, which allow me to show that Kv7.5 is localized in the axons of the Remak bundles (unmyeli ...
... functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemical techniques, which allow me to show that Kv7.5 is localized in the axons of the Remak bundles (unmyeli ...
Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... NaH2PO4, 25 NaHCO3, 11 D-glucose, and 0.005 MK-801 was used to cut midbrain horizontal slices containing the VTA and SNc (220 m) or coronal slices containing the dorsal striatum (250 M) from male and female 5- to 8-week-old DBA/2J mice (The Jackson Laboratory). Slices were incubated in warm (35°C) ...
... NaH2PO4, 25 NaHCO3, 11 D-glucose, and 0.005 MK-801 was used to cut midbrain horizontal slices containing the VTA and SNc (220 m) or coronal slices containing the dorsal striatum (250 M) from male and female 5- to 8-week-old DBA/2J mice (The Jackson Laboratory). Slices were incubated in warm (35°C) ...
Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance
... conserved among species. However, LRa (the most abundantly expressed isoform) is reasonably well conserved, as is LRb, which has an intracellular domain of approximately 300 residues (8, 9). LRb is crucial for leptin action. Indeed, the originally described db/db mice lack LRb (but not other LR form ...
... conserved among species. However, LRa (the most abundantly expressed isoform) is reasonably well conserved, as is LRb, which has an intracellular domain of approximately 300 residues (8, 9). LRb is crucial for leptin action. Indeed, the originally described db/db mice lack LRb (but not other LR form ...
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... control of the mouse NPY promoter (stock 006417; The Jackson Laboratory). Hemizygous transgenic mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and mated to C57BL/6J mice in our animal colony at Rutgers–Newark. Offspring were genotyped and those found to be heterozygous positive for the transgene wer ...
... control of the mouse NPY promoter (stock 006417; The Jackson Laboratory). Hemizygous transgenic mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and mated to C57BL/6J mice in our animal colony at Rutgers–Newark. Offspring were genotyped and those found to be heterozygous positive for the transgene wer ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
Document
... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the nervous system. Identification of functions of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system While studies of Cdc20–APC and Cdh1–APC have occupied the leadin ...
... cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the nervous system. Identification of functions of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system While studies of Cdc20–APC and Cdh1–APC have occupied the leadin ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... evoked using at most 50 A of current with a train duration of 100 ms.1 We assumed the electrode had progressed through the ventral extent of the SC if one of the following conditions was met:2 neither a gaze nor an EMG response was evoked with stimulation of 50 A and 100 ms; stimulation evoked mov ...
... evoked using at most 50 A of current with a train duration of 100 ms.1 We assumed the electrode had progressed through the ventral extent of the SC if one of the following conditions was met:2 neither a gaze nor an EMG response was evoked with stimulation of 50 A and 100 ms; stimulation evoked mov ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... 70), whereas all the examined WT MBs were normal (n ⫽ 85). This phenotype is also present in a second, genetically independent highwire allele, hiwND8, an EMS allele with a premature stop codon (see Fig. 7), but the phenotype is less severe (66% penetrance, n ⫽ 143). The hypomorphic nature of hiwND8 ...
... 70), whereas all the examined WT MBs were normal (n ⫽ 85). This phenotype is also present in a second, genetically independent highwire allele, hiwND8, an EMS allele with a premature stop codon (see Fig. 7), but the phenotype is less severe (66% penetrance, n ⫽ 143). The hypomorphic nature of hiwND8 ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... Grutzendler et al., 2002; Zuo et al., 2005b). Spine maturation and spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physi ...
... Grutzendler et al., 2002; Zuo et al., 2005b). Spine maturation and spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physi ...
2017
... sessions (Saturday, Sunday, Monday, 4:00pm -5:00pm and Tuesday, 12:15-1:30 pm) and workshops aimed at providing new investigators with valuable tools for career success. Credit for the organization of all these activities into a well-coordinated and exciting meeting goes to Ruth Litovsky and the oth ...
... sessions (Saturday, Sunday, Monday, 4:00pm -5:00pm and Tuesday, 12:15-1:30 pm) and workshops aimed at providing new investigators with valuable tools for career success. Credit for the organization of all these activities into a well-coordinated and exciting meeting goes to Ruth Litovsky and the oth ...
- Wiley Online Library
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... 2.1. Regulation of reproduction in mammals The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release the ...
... 2.1. Regulation of reproduction in mammals The adaptive regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is crucial in the successful reproduction among the vertebrates. The central unit of this axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release the ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... contains significant sequence homology to vertebrate ELKS (Wagh et al., 2006; Kittel et al., 2006), it also ...
... contains significant sequence homology to vertebrate ELKS (Wagh et al., 2006; Kittel et al., 2006), it also ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... contains significant sequence homology to vertebrate ELKS (Wagh et al., 2006; Kittel et al., 2006), it also ...
... contains significant sequence homology to vertebrate ELKS (Wagh et al., 2006; Kittel et al., 2006), it also ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... with standard anatomical delineations corresponding to the Franklin-Paxinos mouse atlas. Other sections in this chapter review the molecular specification and maintenance of cholinergic neurons in mice. The input-output relations of cholinergic and other local neurons will be discussed mainly based ...
... with standard anatomical delineations corresponding to the Franklin-Paxinos mouse atlas. Other sections in this chapter review the molecular specification and maintenance of cholinergic neurons in mice. The input-output relations of cholinergic and other local neurons will be discussed mainly based ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... with standard anatomical delineations corresponding to the Franklin-Paxinos mouse atlas. Other sections in this chapter review the molecular specification and maintenance of cholinergic neurons in mice. The input-output relations of cholinergic and other local neurons will be discussed mainly based ...
... with standard anatomical delineations corresponding to the Franklin-Paxinos mouse atlas. Other sections in this chapter review the molecular specification and maintenance of cholinergic neurons in mice. The input-output relations of cholinergic and other local neurons will be discussed mainly based ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... system, and arousal. For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration. This suggests that they may provide a link between energy homeostasis and arousal states. A link between the limbic system and orexin neurons might be im ...
... system, and arousal. For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration. This suggests that they may provide a link between energy homeostasis and arousal states. A link between the limbic system and orexin neurons might be im ...
Examination of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
... 1.1. The metabolism of THs Thyroid hormones - 3,3’,5-triiodothyronin (T3) and thyroxine (T4) - are synthesized in the follicles of thyroid gland by iodination of tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin [12]. Although T4 is the predominant product of the thyroid gland, T3 is the form of thyroid hormones t ...
... 1.1. The metabolism of THs Thyroid hormones - 3,3’,5-triiodothyronin (T3) and thyroxine (T4) - are synthesized in the follicles of thyroid gland by iodination of tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin [12]. Although T4 is the predominant product of the thyroid gland, T3 is the form of thyroid hormones t ...
Myelin and White Matter
... From both X-ray diffraction and electron microscope data it can be seen that the smallest radial subunit that can be called myelin is a five-layered structure of protein-lipid-protein-lipid-protein (Fig. 1.6). The repeat distance is 160–180 Å. The dark lines seen in electron microscopic studies repr ...
... From both X-ray diffraction and electron microscope data it can be seen that the smallest radial subunit that can be called myelin is a five-layered structure of protein-lipid-protein-lipid-protein (Fig. 1.6). The repeat distance is 160–180 Å. The dark lines seen in electron microscopic studies repr ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.