The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... actions at presynaptic terminals. Here, using BDNF as a prototypical example, the authors provide an update of recent evidence demonstrating that NTs enhance quantal neurotransmitter release at synapses through presynaptic mechanisms. The authors further propose that a potential target for NT action ...
... actions at presynaptic terminals. Here, using BDNF as a prototypical example, the authors provide an update of recent evidence demonstrating that NTs enhance quantal neurotransmitter release at synapses through presynaptic mechanisms. The authors further propose that a potential target for NT action ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... neuron and combinatorial mechanisms that involve many transcription factors. Transcription regulators of class I dendritic arborization neuron dendrite morphology. A systematic RNA interference screen has been used to identify more than 70 transcription factors that affect dendrite morphogenesis Box ...
... neuron and combinatorial mechanisms that involve many transcription factors. Transcription regulators of class I dendritic arborization neuron dendrite morphology. A systematic RNA interference screen has been used to identify more than 70 transcription factors that affect dendrite morphogenesis Box ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... neurons are born and migrate to their final positions in the nervous system. Subsequently, neurons elaborate their axons and dendrites in patterns characteristic for each cell type. Finally, highly specific connections between neurons — synapses — are formed. In many cases, these early synaptic conn ...
... neurons are born and migrate to their final positions in the nervous system. Subsequently, neurons elaborate their axons and dendrites in patterns characteristic for each cell type. Finally, highly specific connections between neurons — synapses — are formed. In many cases, these early synaptic conn ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... preceding baseline period (10 s). Two to four trials were carried out for each neuron and combined to calculate the average response (Supplementary Fig. 5; see online Methods). Following light stimulation of cholinergic axons from either the PPN or LDT we observed both excitatory and inhibitory resp ...
... preceding baseline period (10 s). Two to four trials were carried out for each neuron and combined to calculate the average response (Supplementary Fig. 5; see online Methods). Following light stimulation of cholinergic axons from either the PPN or LDT we observed both excitatory and inhibitory resp ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... central administration of resveratrol is modulated by the autonomic nervous system. Hepatic vagotomy attenuated this effect (Knight et al., 2011) suggesting the involvement of synaptic mechanisms at the level of DMV. Here, we have assessed the excitatory control of DMV neurons following SIRT1 activa ...
... central administration of resveratrol is modulated by the autonomic nervous system. Hepatic vagotomy attenuated this effect (Knight et al., 2011) suggesting the involvement of synaptic mechanisms at the level of DMV. Here, we have assessed the excitatory control of DMV neurons following SIRT1 activa ...
Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes
... the influence of numerous factors. We don’t live in an isolated environment or a Faraday cage. While we can perceive and realize some of the things that influence us and our actions, there are numerous others that we barely perceive or realize. Thus, even if I write down every single name that has ...
... the influence of numerous factors. We don’t live in an isolated environment or a Faraday cage. While we can perceive and realize some of the things that influence us and our actions, there are numerous others that we barely perceive or realize. Thus, even if I write down every single name that has ...
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... SAPs, we used patch-clamp techniques. When we made the whole-cell configuration in a current-clamp mode, we observed SAPs with an average frequency of 2-3 Hz (n=10). The membrane potential fluctuated between –64 and –50 mV (n=10, data not shown). Interestingly, this spontaneous firing was also detec ...
... SAPs, we used patch-clamp techniques. When we made the whole-cell configuration in a current-clamp mode, we observed SAPs with an average frequency of 2-3 Hz (n=10). The membrane potential fluctuated between –64 and –50 mV (n=10, data not shown). Interestingly, this spontaneous firing was also detec ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... subcerebral projection neurons in this layer (Arlotta et al., 2005) (Figures 1G, 1H, and 1J–J00 ). Each subtype of CFu neurons, therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high le ...
... subcerebral projection neurons in this layer (Arlotta et al., 2005) (Figures 1G, 1H, and 1J–J00 ). Each subtype of CFu neurons, therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high le ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... dorsal zona incerta (ZID) (Fig. 3, 4, 18) at the same level. Some labeled neurons were identified in H field of Forel (H) (Fig. 4, 16, 17) and there were labeled neurons present in the caudal part of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the ipsilateral side (Fig. 4, 16). More caudally, a dense cluster ...
... dorsal zona incerta (ZID) (Fig. 3, 4, 18) at the same level. Some labeled neurons were identified in H field of Forel (H) (Fig. 4, 16, 17) and there were labeled neurons present in the caudal part of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) of the ipsilateral side (Fig. 4, 16). More caudally, a dense cluster ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... different populations of projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons in L2 of the infralimbic PFC. We first characterized the laminar distribution, dendritic morphology, and intrinsic physiology of CA and CS neurons. We injected fluorescent retrograde tracers into the BLA and nucleus accumbens (NA ...
... different populations of projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons in L2 of the infralimbic PFC. We first characterized the laminar distribution, dendritic morphology, and intrinsic physiology of CA and CS neurons. We injected fluorescent retrograde tracers into the BLA and nucleus accumbens (NA ...
... Neuronal cell death programmes are counteracted by survival signals during development in order to maintain the tissue homeostasis. Neuronal differentiation is a mechanism generating functionally integrated neuronal cells from their progenitors. These processes appear to be mediated via activation o ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... with watermelon that had been homogenized and strained through cheesecloth. Approximately 0.1 ml of watermelon extract, delivered to the anterior proesophagus, spread over the surface of the buccal cavity in each experiment. ...
... with watermelon that had been homogenized and strained through cheesecloth. Approximately 0.1 ml of watermelon extract, delivered to the anterior proesophagus, spread over the surface of the buccal cavity in each experiment. ...
Targeting membrane proteins to inner segments of vertebrate
... like to thank all of my friends especially Suifang Mao and Xu Liu. I treasure the time we spent together and support each other towards our goals in this journey. ...
... like to thank all of my friends especially Suifang Mao and Xu Liu. I treasure the time we spent together and support each other towards our goals in this journey. ...
Actin in Axons: Stable Scaffolds and Dynamic Filaments
... polymerization; (3) cap F-actin barbed ends to inhibit polymerization; (4) cap pointed ends to inhibit depolymerization; (5) bind barbed ends to inhibit capping; (6) bind pointed ends to promote depolymerization; (7) bundle, crosslink or stabilize F-actin; (8) sever actin filaments; (9) move cargo a ...
... polymerization; (3) cap F-actin barbed ends to inhibit polymerization; (4) cap pointed ends to inhibit depolymerization; (5) bind barbed ends to inhibit capping; (6) bind pointed ends to promote depolymerization; (7) bundle, crosslink or stabilize F-actin; (8) sever actin filaments; (9) move cargo a ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... Drosophila modulates the physiology of glomerular circuitry on short time scales (Yu et al., 2004). In honeybee workers, the volume of a few identified glomeruli correlates with and is modulated by foraging experience outside the confines of the hive (Winnington et al., 1996). Previous studies in Dr ...
... Drosophila modulates the physiology of glomerular circuitry on short time scales (Yu et al., 2004). In honeybee workers, the volume of a few identified glomeruli correlates with and is modulated by foraging experience outside the confines of the hive (Winnington et al., 1996). Previous studies in Dr ...
TDP-43 is intercellularly transmitted across axon terminals
... Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kD (TDP-43) is an aggregation-prone prion-like domain-containing protein and component of pathological intracellular aggregates found in most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. TDP-43 oligomers have been postulated to be released and subsequentl ...
... Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kD (TDP-43) is an aggregation-prone prion-like domain-containing protein and component of pathological intracellular aggregates found in most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. TDP-43 oligomers have been postulated to be released and subsequentl ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... in protein members of the Par polarity complex [PAR6 (PARD6a – Mouse Genome Informatics), PAR3, aPKCζ], PROM1 and CDC42 (Cappello et al., 2006; Hutterer et al., 2004; Manabe et al., 2002). Apical or basolateral restriction of β-catenin (CTNNB1), Ncadherin (CDH2), NUMB and NUMBL is also evident (Kado ...
... in protein members of the Par polarity complex [PAR6 (PARD6a – Mouse Genome Informatics), PAR3, aPKCζ], PROM1 and CDC42 (Cappello et al., 2006; Hutterer et al., 2004; Manabe et al., 2002). Apical or basolateral restriction of β-catenin (CTNNB1), Ncadherin (CDH2), NUMB and NUMBL is also evident (Kado ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... majority of wild-type and Mecp2/y ESCs were colabeled with both Oct-4 and Nanog, suggesting that the lack of MeCP2 does not affect pluripotency. Both ESC lines were then used to generate cellular aggregates that were treated with retinoic acid as previously reported [12, 13]. This procedure has bee ...
... majority of wild-type and Mecp2/y ESCs were colabeled with both Oct-4 and Nanog, suggesting that the lack of MeCP2 does not affect pluripotency. Both ESC lines were then used to generate cellular aggregates that were treated with retinoic acid as previously reported [12, 13]. This procedure has bee ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to maintain a constant intensity while testing a neuron at different frequencies, because the true intensities were only determined afte ...
... external meatus, opposite the tympanum. The gap around the hole was sealed before calibrations were performed. With this method of calibration, it was not possible to maintain a constant intensity while testing a neuron at different frequencies, because the true intensities were only determined afte ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
NIH Public Access
... transition. A number of cyclosporine A analogues have been developed that are more potent against the permeability transition while being less active as immuno-suppressants and calcineurin inhibitors [48-51] and can therefore provide less ambiguous information on the permeability transition in intac ...
... transition. A number of cyclosporine A analogues have been developed that are more potent against the permeability transition while being less active as immuno-suppressants and calcineurin inhibitors [48-51] and can therefore provide less ambiguous information on the permeability transition in intac ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... analysis was pursued as follows: 1. Dendritic geometry was quantified using (a) an analytical one-dimensional measure of dendritic polarity and (b) a categorical scale of dendritic types derived by a cluster analysis (CA) based on the dendritic length density distribution. The 2 measures of dendritic ...
... analysis was pursued as follows: 1. Dendritic geometry was quantified using (a) an analytical one-dimensional measure of dendritic polarity and (b) a categorical scale of dendritic types derived by a cluster analysis (CA) based on the dendritic length density distribution. The 2 measures of dendritic ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.