Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... worked with VGLUT1-/- autaptic culture (where neurons make synapses between axons and cell bodies from which they arise) from hippocampal neurons and were able to detect small EPSCs in the majority of cells due to the exocytosis of partially filled vesicles expressing VGLUT2 (Wojcik et al. 2004). He ...
... worked with VGLUT1-/- autaptic culture (where neurons make synapses between axons and cell bodies from which they arise) from hippocampal neurons and were able to detect small EPSCs in the majority of cells due to the exocytosis of partially filled vesicles expressing VGLUT2 (Wojcik et al. 2004). He ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amount (subtractive) or by an amount proportional to their strength (multip ...
... models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amount (subtractive) or by an amount proportional to their strength (multip ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically implanted extracellular electrodes. To identify these spikes, the voltage trace is typically band-pass filtered, thre ...
... signals (Schwartz et al 2006). A promising class of BCIs extracts information directly from action potentials, or ʻspikesʼ, identified from the voltage traces recorded from chronically implanted extracellular electrodes. To identify these spikes, the voltage trace is typically band-pass filtered, thre ...
Prospero regulates gcm expression to induce glial fates
... reoriented along the apical-basal axis for neuron production? Recent work has identified several proteins that may be involved in these processes. The Inscuteable (Insc) protein is apically localized in mitotic neuroblasts, where it is required for the apical-basal orientation of the spindle; indeed ...
... reoriented along the apical-basal axis for neuron production? Recent work has identified several proteins that may be involved in these processes. The Inscuteable (Insc) protein is apically localized in mitotic neuroblasts, where it is required for the apical-basal orientation of the spindle; indeed ...
- Wiley Online Library
... section of the wall extends between approximately vertebrae T1 and L5 and extends laterally to include the kidneys and adrenal glands. While all the viscera in the peritoneal cavity were removed, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and their associated vessels and nervous tissue in the retroperitoneal r ...
... section of the wall extends between approximately vertebrae T1 and L5 and extends laterally to include the kidneys and adrenal glands. While all the viscera in the peritoneal cavity were removed, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and their associated vessels and nervous tissue in the retroperitoneal r ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing either l ...
... shapes, sizes, and orientations. We studied the activity of 132 task-related neurons during the hand-manipulation tasks in the light and in the dark, as well as during object fixation. Seventy-seven percent (101/132) of the hand-manipulation-related neurons were visually responsive, showing either l ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the central sites. While peptide transporter systems (2) and transendothelial signaling (35) represent mechanisms through which peripheral signals may reach hypothalamic neur ...
... The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the central sites. While peptide transporter systems (2) and transendothelial signaling (35) represent mechanisms through which peripheral signals may reach hypothalamic neur ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
... SNc DA neurons and VTA DA neurons are enriched in the Ca2þ-buffering proteins, calbindin-D28 K and calretinin, whereas the majority of ventral tier SNc DA neurons appear to lack these proteins [97]. This difference has been implicated in the Ca2þ dependence of somatodendritic DA release, with high c ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Higginbotham H, Eom TY, Mariani LE, Bachleda A, Hirt J, Gukassyan V, Cusack CL, Lai C, Caspary T, Anton ES. Developmental Cell. 2012, Nov 13 23(5):925-38. Arl13b in primary cilia regulates the migration and placement of interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
... We demonstrate that the guidance cue receptors essential for interneuronal migration localize to interneuronal primary cilia, but their concentration and dynamics are altered in the absence of Arl13b. Expression of Arl13b variants known to cause Joubert syndrome induce defective interneuronal migrat ...
... We demonstrate that the guidance cue receptors essential for interneuronal migration localize to interneuronal primary cilia, but their concentration and dynamics are altered in the absence of Arl13b. Expression of Arl13b variants known to cause Joubert syndrome induce defective interneuronal migrat ...
A divergent canonical WNT-signaling pathway
... and cell polarity. Neurons are highly polarized cells in which microtubules are required for the formation and stability of axons and dendrites (Baas, 1999). Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers with a short half-life of minutes to seconds (for review see Desai and Mitchison, 1997). The dynamic ...
... and cell polarity. Neurons are highly polarized cells in which microtubules are required for the formation and stability of axons and dendrites (Baas, 1999). Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers with a short half-life of minutes to seconds (for review see Desai and Mitchison, 1997). The dynamic ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... probe insertion. An additional craniotomy was made over the posterior cerebellum for placement of an electrical reference wire. After the craniotomy surgery, animals recovered from anesthesia in their home cage for ⬃2 h before being head fixed while awake and free to move on a spherical uniaxial pol ...
... probe insertion. An additional craniotomy was made over the posterior cerebellum for placement of an electrical reference wire. After the craniotomy surgery, animals recovered from anesthesia in their home cage for ⬃2 h before being head fixed while awake and free to move on a spherical uniaxial pol ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... postnatal development. In a previous study (Gao et al., 1999), we showed that GABA-immunoreactive (-ir) nonpyramidal neurons were numerous in ferret primary visual (V1) and primary auditory (AI) cortex at birth but declined in both density (cells/mm2) and proportion (GABA-ir neurons/total neurons) b ...
... postnatal development. In a previous study (Gao et al., 1999), we showed that GABA-immunoreactive (-ir) nonpyramidal neurons were numerous in ferret primary visual (V1) and primary auditory (AI) cortex at birth but declined in both density (cells/mm2) and proportion (GABA-ir neurons/total neurons) b ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... across the visual field (Andersen et al., 2010). However, one potential problem with the use of spike signals recorded from chronic MEAs is that the isolation of single neurons deteriorates over short time periods (Dickey et al., 2009; Chestek et al., 2011; Perge et al., 2013), leaving LFPs as the o ...
... across the visual field (Andersen et al., 2010). However, one potential problem with the use of spike signals recorded from chronic MEAs is that the isolation of single neurons deteriorates over short time periods (Dickey et al., 2009; Chestek et al., 2011; Perge et al., 2013), leaving LFPs as the o ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... mice carrying GFP fusions of membrane proteins provide quantitative data required for understanding the details of synaptic transmission in living neurons. ...
... mice carrying GFP fusions of membrane proteins provide quantitative data required for understanding the details of synaptic transmission in living neurons. ...
Structure and Central Connections Of PERIPHERAL OLFACTORY
... at their apical surfaces. In the human, microvillar cells occur in about a ratio of 1:10 with the bipolar receptor cells. A chemosensory function of these cells has yet to be demonstrated. The fourth cell type is the cell that lines the Bowman’s glands and ducts, whereas the fifth and sixth cell typ ...
... at their apical surfaces. In the human, microvillar cells occur in about a ratio of 1:10 with the bipolar receptor cells. A chemosensory function of these cells has yet to be demonstrated. The fourth cell type is the cell that lines the Bowman’s glands and ducts, whereas the fifth and sixth cell typ ...
Introducing a New Product
... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Week 3 – Day 1
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
... The swordfish has a heat-generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding water temperature. What structures are likely to be found in relatively high concentrations in the cells of this organ? A) Chromosomes B) Mitochondria C) Nuclei D) Ribosomes ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... ⫾200 ms around syllable onset (or offset). The timing of the rate change relative to the syllable onset (or offset) was computed as the time of maximal rate change above (for rate increases) or below (for rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), his ...
... ⫾200 ms around syllable onset (or offset). The timing of the rate change relative to the syllable onset (or offset) was computed as the time of maximal rate change above (for rate increases) or below (for rate decreases) the baseline rate. To construct population rate histograms (as in Fig. 2D), his ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... 264 Reward-related Activity of Prefrontal Delay Neurons • Hikosawa and Watanabe ...
... 264 Reward-related Activity of Prefrontal Delay Neurons • Hikosawa and Watanabe ...
Understanding Circuit Dynamics Using the Stomatogastric Nervous
... The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). (a) Side view of a lobster showing the position of the stomach and the STNS. CoG, commissural ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion. (b) Side view of the lobster stomach showing the muscles that move the pylorus and gastric mill, the ganglia of the STNS, an ...
... The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). (a) Side view of a lobster showing the position of the stomach and the STNS. CoG, commissural ganglion; STG, stomatogastric ganglion. (b) Side view of the lobster stomach showing the muscles that move the pylorus and gastric mill, the ganglia of the STNS, an ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... 1200 hours. Experimenters were blind for genotype and treatment. All experiments were approved by the Dutch Ethical Committee and were in accordance with the institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. ...
... 1200 hours. Experimenters were blind for genotype and treatment. All experiments were approved by the Dutch Ethical Committee and were in accordance with the institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.