Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... the ipsilateral radula-half was mechanically stimulated. Centrifugal action potentials could result from central activation of either the left or right B21 RM neuron. Combinations of up to three neurons in the buccal ganglion were impaled with microelectrodes to electrically stimulate the cells or t ...
... the ipsilateral radula-half was mechanically stimulated. Centrifugal action potentials could result from central activation of either the left or right B21 RM neuron. Combinations of up to three neurons in the buccal ganglion were impaled with microelectrodes to electrically stimulate the cells or t ...
View Full Page PDF
... barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic activity in the cortex after sectioning connections with the thalamus and was confirmed in experiments on decorticated animals (3, 234). The cellular events underlying t ...
... barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic activity in the cortex after sectioning connections with the thalamus and was confirmed in experiments on decorticated animals (3, 234). The cellular events underlying t ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... CXCR4, represent the best-known chemokine ligand/receptor pair. Interestingly, besides their involvement in a battery of processes in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that ...
... CXCR4, represent the best-known chemokine ligand/receptor pair. Interestingly, besides their involvement in a battery of processes in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that ...
Review Spectrin and calpain
... Molecular modeling of the 11th repeat segment provided evidence that the calpain cleavage site (with the critical Tyr1176–Gly1177 bond) with its flanking calmodulin binding domain forms a highly exposed loop within helix C (see fig. 1B). Moreover, from site-directed mutagenesis experiments it was co ...
... Molecular modeling of the 11th repeat segment provided evidence that the calpain cleavage site (with the critical Tyr1176–Gly1177 bond) with its flanking calmodulin binding domain forms a highly exposed loop within helix C (see fig. 1B). Moreover, from site-directed mutagenesis experiments it was co ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
The novel endosomal membrane protein Ema interacts with the
... Df(3R)Exel7330 (Parks et al., 2004), show a very similar pheno type. This indicates that the phenotype maps to the insertion, and because the phenotype is quantitatively no worse over the deficiency, that the mutant behaves as a genetic null. Highly conserved ema orthologues are present in multicel ...
... Df(3R)Exel7330 (Parks et al., 2004), show a very similar pheno type. This indicates that the phenotype maps to the insertion, and because the phenotype is quantitatively no worse over the deficiency, that the mutant behaves as a genetic null. Highly conserved ema orthologues are present in multicel ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. Indeed, I argue that the distributed representations learned in PDP models are often inconsistent with much of the relevant neuroscien ...
... schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. Indeed, I argue that the distributed representations learned in PDP models are often inconsistent with much of the relevant neuroscien ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... onto Purkinje neurons always facilitate in normal physiological saline, while climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons always depress (Perkel et al., 1990). Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discover ...
... onto Purkinje neurons always facilitate in normal physiological saline, while climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje neurons always depress (Perkel et al., 1990). Remarkably, the synapses formed by a single cell onto different target neurons can show different plasticity. This phenomenon was discover ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under investigation. In this ...
... series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under investigation. In this ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... Chemosensory neurons exhibited a latency of 70 –120 ms depending on concentration, and a temporally precise phasic response that returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decr ...
... Chemosensory neurons exhibited a latency of 70 –120 ms depending on concentration, and a temporally precise phasic response that returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decr ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... Chemosensory neurons exhibited a latency of 70 –120 ms depending on concentration, and a temporally precise phasic response that returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decr ...
... Chemosensory neurons exhibited a latency of 70 –120 ms depending on concentration, and a temporally precise phasic response that returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decr ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... activated by stimulation within the SC (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983d). For this, electric current was passed through tungsten microelectrodes (Frederick Haer) with impedances between 0.1 and 0.7 M⍀ measured at 1 kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied wit ...
... activated by stimulation within the SC (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983d). For this, electric current was passed through tungsten microelectrodes (Frederick Haer) with impedances between 0.1 and 0.7 M⍀ measured at 1 kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied wit ...
audition - Neuroanatomy
... Sound pressure at the threshold of hearing, which means sounds that are just barely detectable by a normal listener under optimal conditions, is designated as 0 dB sound pressure level, or 0 dB SPL. The accompanying chart shows on a dB scale the approximate sound pressure levels of events in our eve ...
... Sound pressure at the threshold of hearing, which means sounds that are just barely detectable by a normal listener under optimal conditions, is designated as 0 dB sound pressure level, or 0 dB SPL. The accompanying chart shows on a dB scale the approximate sound pressure levels of events in our eve ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... pulled from 1.5 mm outer diameter glass capillary tubes (World Precision Instruments) and filled with a solution of 136 mM potassium gluconate, 2 mM MgCl2, 0.6 mM EGTA, 10 mM HEPES, 2 mg/ml biocytin, with pH adjusted to 7.3 and osmolarity to 275–285 mOsm. A whole-cell clamp configuration was achieve ...
... pulled from 1.5 mm outer diameter glass capillary tubes (World Precision Instruments) and filled with a solution of 136 mM potassium gluconate, 2 mM MgCl2, 0.6 mM EGTA, 10 mM HEPES, 2 mg/ml biocytin, with pH adjusted to 7.3 and osmolarity to 275–285 mOsm. A whole-cell clamp configuration was achieve ...
Anatomy - Nervous System Test Chpt 9
... 29. What is the junction between two neurons called? 30. Why is a severe injury to the brainstem usually fatal? Other USING SCIENCE SKILLS This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a neighboring neuron. ...
... 29. What is the junction between two neurons called? 30. Why is a severe injury to the brainstem usually fatal? Other USING SCIENCE SKILLS This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a neighboring neuron. ...
GLIA: LISTENING AND TALKING TO THE SYNAPSE
... neighbouring cells and give rise to an intercellular wave of Ca2+ (REFS 33–36). In support of this possibility, C6 glioma cells, which express few gap junctions, do not show Ca2+ waves unless connexins are artificially expressed34. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is likely to diffuse between astrocytes, as indicated b ...
... neighbouring cells and give rise to an intercellular wave of Ca2+ (REFS 33–36). In support of this possibility, C6 glioma cells, which express few gap junctions, do not show Ca2+ waves unless connexins are artificially expressed34. Ins(1,4,5)P3 is likely to diffuse between astrocytes, as indicated b ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... isoforms in rat hippocampus Before evaluating the consequences of eliminating Kalirin expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, we first wanted to determine which isoforms were expressed in these cells during early postnatal development. Western blot analysis of hippocampal extracts with polyclon ...
... isoforms in rat hippocampus Before evaluating the consequences of eliminating Kalirin expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, we first wanted to determine which isoforms were expressed in these cells during early postnatal development. Western blot analysis of hippocampal extracts with polyclon ...
Andrea Kádár
... Understanding the mechanism of the melanocortin-resistance of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons during refeeding AGRP- and α-MSH-IR innervation of TRH neurons A dense network of both AGRP- and α-MSH-IR axons was observed in the PVN surrounding the TRH neurons. The density of the α-MSH-containing axons wa ...
... Understanding the mechanism of the melanocortin-resistance of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons during refeeding AGRP- and α-MSH-IR innervation of TRH neurons A dense network of both AGRP- and α-MSH-IR axons was observed in the PVN surrounding the TRH neurons. The density of the α-MSH-containing axons wa ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... arterial chemoreceptors and central respiratory chemoreceptors are crucial for the maintenance of cardiorespiratory homeostasis. Inputs from these receptors ensure adaptive changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular motor outputs in various environmental and physiological conditions. Many of the ...
... arterial chemoreceptors and central respiratory chemoreceptors are crucial for the maintenance of cardiorespiratory homeostasis. Inputs from these receptors ensure adaptive changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular motor outputs in various environmental and physiological conditions. Many of the ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... stimulation, observations have also revealed that the number of Fos-positive cells in the OVLT, the SON and PVN was similar between wild-type and TRPV1-/- mice after osmotic stimulation [35]. This finding suggests that individual TRPV channels may partially contribute to the osmotic reactions of osm ...
... stimulation, observations have also revealed that the number of Fos-positive cells in the OVLT, the SON and PVN was similar between wild-type and TRPV1-/- mice after osmotic stimulation [35]. This finding suggests that individual TRPV channels may partially contribute to the osmotic reactions of osm ...
Spatially and Functionally Distinct Roles of the PI3
... assays for assessment of apoptosis were used for these cell survival experiments. One assay employed Hoechst 33258, which is a chromatin stain that can reveal nuclear condensation and fragmentation associated with apoptotic nuclei. The other assay employed immunocytochemistry using an antibody that ...
... assays for assessment of apoptosis were used for these cell survival experiments. One assay employed Hoechst 33258, which is a chromatin stain that can reveal nuclear condensation and fragmentation associated with apoptotic nuclei. The other assay employed immunocytochemistry using an antibody that ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindles power spectra. Presented spectra were constructed from waveform ...
... amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindles power spectra. Presented spectra were constructed from waveform ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... increasingly constrained behavioral paradigm. Initially, Evarts had studied ”natural” and spontaneous movements, because they ”allowed PT neuron discharge to be observed under a wide range of physiological conditions”. However, he considered such passive observation to be ”unsuitable for precise qua ...
... increasingly constrained behavioral paradigm. Initially, Evarts had studied ”natural” and spontaneous movements, because they ”allowed PT neuron discharge to be observed under a wide range of physiological conditions”. However, he considered such passive observation to be ”unsuitable for precise qua ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to ...
... profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to ...
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.