Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... This mixture distinctly prevails in the brain structure and its function. ...
... This mixture distinctly prevails in the brain structure and its function. ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3). The labeled SI-projecting neurons in Pulo were medium-s ...
... primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3). The labeled SI-projecting neurons in Pulo were medium-s ...
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... the number of bipolar cells in the IZ (LoTurco and Bai, 2006), highlighting the distinct requirements for efficient morphological transformations during radial migration. These changes in morphology are thought to facilitate the initial axonal protrusion of these neurons (Noctor et al., 2004b; Tabat ...
... the number of bipolar cells in the IZ (LoTurco and Bai, 2006), highlighting the distinct requirements for efficient morphological transformations during radial migration. These changes in morphology are thought to facilitate the initial axonal protrusion of these neurons (Noctor et al., 2004b; Tabat ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... spinal CPG neurons. A, Scale diagram of the CNS viewed from the right showing the location of two neurobiotin-filled neurons with a synaptic connection, shown in more detail in the micrographs below. Each neuron has a spherical soma and a ventral process with dendrites. The aIN has an ascending axon ...
... spinal CPG neurons. A, Scale diagram of the CNS viewed from the right showing the location of two neurobiotin-filled neurons with a synaptic connection, shown in more detail in the micrographs below. Each neuron has a spherical soma and a ventral process with dendrites. The aIN has an ascending axon ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... analyzing the consequences of damage to specific regions of the brain. More recently, the study of the brain activity has brought to light some fundamental principles of nervous system function. Nowadays, it is even possible to manipulate neuronal activity in intact behaving animals and ask for its ...
... analyzing the consequences of damage to specific regions of the brain. More recently, the study of the brain activity has brought to light some fundamental principles of nervous system function. Nowadays, it is even possible to manipulate neuronal activity in intact behaving animals and ask for its ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... microglia and blood monocytes can promote regeneration of CNS axons. However, macrophages also can kill neurons and glia (for review see, Stoll et al., 2002). At first glance, these divergent effects seem mutually exclusive. This perspective is often reinforced when an experimental design seeks to d ...
... microglia and blood monocytes can promote regeneration of CNS axons. However, macrophages also can kill neurons and glia (for review see, Stoll et al., 2002). At first glance, these divergent effects seem mutually exclusive. This perspective is often reinforced when an experimental design seeks to d ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... with 2.5% PHAL in phosphate buffer was lowered into the brain at stereotaxic coordinates corresponding to the aPVN based on the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second intervals). Rats were allowed to survive for 914 days and then perfused transcardially. The retrogr ...
... with 2.5% PHAL in phosphate buffer was lowered into the brain at stereotaxic coordinates corresponding to the aPVN based on the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second intervals). Rats were allowed to survive for 914 days and then perfused transcardially. The retrogr ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... transporters and degradation by monoamine oxidase decrease the amount of 5-HT in the extracellular fluid. There is strong regional variation in the concentration of these proteins, which can lead to regional variation in the magnitude and time course of 5-HT profiles (Dahlin et al., 2007; Gasser et ...
... transporters and degradation by monoamine oxidase decrease the amount of 5-HT in the extracellular fluid. There is strong regional variation in the concentration of these proteins, which can lead to regional variation in the magnitude and time course of 5-HT profiles (Dahlin et al., 2007; Gasser et ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... ice-cold, oxygenated (95% O2-5% CO2) high-sucrose solution that contained (in mM) 220 sucrose, 2.5 KCl, 6 MgCl2, 1 CaCl2, 1.23 NaH2PO4, 26 NaHCO3, and 10 D-glucose, pH 7.4 (with an osmolarity of 300 –305 mosM). A block of tissue containing the hypothalamus was isolated, and coronal slices were cut o ...
... ice-cold, oxygenated (95% O2-5% CO2) high-sucrose solution that contained (in mM) 220 sucrose, 2.5 KCl, 6 MgCl2, 1 CaCl2, 1.23 NaH2PO4, 26 NaHCO3, and 10 D-glucose, pH 7.4 (with an osmolarity of 300 –305 mosM). A block of tissue containing the hypothalamus was isolated, and coronal slices were cut o ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... of mRNA to a cytoskeletal filament, each was detected using double-label immunogold methods and analyzed by electron microscopy. Results Compartmentalization of Poly(A) mRNA in Developing Processes The use of primary neuronal cultures to study mRNA localization offers distinct advantages to tissue s ...
... of mRNA to a cytoskeletal filament, each was detected using double-label immunogold methods and analyzed by electron microscopy. Results Compartmentalization of Poly(A) mRNA in Developing Processes The use of primary neuronal cultures to study mRNA localization offers distinct advantages to tissue s ...
Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... personal finances to the macro-economics of nations. Neurons, or nerve cells, are electrically active cells that are primarily responsible for carrying out the brain's functions. Neurons create action potentials, which are discrete electrical signals that travel down axons and cause the release of c ...
... personal finances to the macro-economics of nations. Neurons, or nerve cells, are electrically active cells that are primarily responsible for carrying out the brain's functions. Neurons create action potentials, which are discrete electrical signals that travel down axons and cause the release of c ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... MOC neurons project peripherally to innervate OHCs (dots) in a “patchy” pattern. The endings are distributed over substantial spans (modified from Brown 1987a, b; Warr et al. 1997) ...
... MOC neurons project peripherally to innervate OHCs (dots) in a “patchy” pattern. The endings are distributed over substantial spans (modified from Brown 1987a, b; Warr et al. 1997) ...
Traveling Theta Waves along the Entire
... (septal) to intermediate sites of the CA1 layer (Figures 2E, 3F, and S3). Theta waves were phase shifted by approximately a half cycle, i.e., 180 between the septal and ventral (temporal) sites (Figures 3F, 3G, and S4). Theta oscillations were less regular, lower in amplitude, and more intermittent ...
... (septal) to intermediate sites of the CA1 layer (Figures 2E, 3F, and S3). Theta waves were phase shifted by approximately a half cycle, i.e., 180 between the septal and ventral (temporal) sites (Figures 3F, 3G, and S4). Theta oscillations were less regular, lower in amplitude, and more intermittent ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... not the case because both light and electron microscopic analyses indicate that single GP axons make multiple appositions or synapses with their targets (Park et al., 1982; Kita, 1994; Sadek et al., 2003, 2004; Sadek, Magill and Bolam, 2005 in preparation). We frequently observe single axons making ...
... not the case because both light and electron microscopic analyses indicate that single GP axons make multiple appositions or synapses with their targets (Park et al., 1982; Kita, 1994; Sadek et al., 2003, 2004; Sadek, Magill and Bolam, 2005 in preparation). We frequently observe single axons making ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... as we are constantly bombarded by sounds, we effortlessly extract necessary information, whether surrounded by fellow colleagues at a cocktail party, or hunting for prey (being a barn owl). When rapid changes in air pressure (sounds) hit our ears, sounds are transformed in cochlea into series of act ...
... as we are constantly bombarded by sounds, we effortlessly extract necessary information, whether surrounded by fellow colleagues at a cocktail party, or hunting for prey (being a barn owl). When rapid changes in air pressure (sounds) hit our ears, sounds are transformed in cochlea into series of act ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... containing Calcium-, Magnesium-free Hanks’ solution, the cells were plated at 5000 cells/cm2 in 24-well culture dishes. The culture medium comprised a 1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham’s F-12 supplemented with B27 (Invitrogen). Dissociated hippocampal cell cultures were prepared according to Granseth et a ...
... containing Calcium-, Magnesium-free Hanks’ solution, the cells were plated at 5000 cells/cm2 in 24-well culture dishes. The culture medium comprised a 1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham’s F-12 supplemented with B27 (Invitrogen). Dissociated hippocampal cell cultures were prepared according to Granseth et a ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... that uses the tactics and action as regressors. Dotted lines indicate nonsignificant data. A, Neuronal selectivity for the tactics and 2012). Spike activity of neurons was recorded action computed from 103 tactics-only cued trials. On the left, the trials are aligned with the Cue onset (left vertica ...
... that uses the tactics and action as regressors. Dotted lines indicate nonsignificant data. A, Neuronal selectivity for the tactics and 2012). Spike activity of neurons was recorded action computed from 103 tactics-only cued trials. On the left, the trials are aligned with the Cue onset (left vertica ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related response, because during examination of a large number of neurons in ...
... responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related response, because during examination of a large number of neurons in ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... each brain. These were later mounted in a single picture with the help of Corel PHOTO-PAI N T; then the picture was converted into gray scale. The staining intensity of single pixels was scored in gray scale units on the mounted digital pictures using the commercial program DP-soft and DOK U (Olympu ...
... each brain. These were later mounted in a single picture with the help of Corel PHOTO-PAI N T; then the picture was converted into gray scale. The staining intensity of single pixels was scored in gray scale units on the mounted digital pictures using the commercial program DP-soft and DOK U (Olympu ...
concentration-dependent effects of neostigmine on the endplate
... with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp circuit similar to that described by Dionne and Stevens (1975) with two modifications: (1) the high voltage current stages were replaced with low voltage (f15 V) equivalents, and (2) the membrane voltage was measured differentially between the intracellular vo ...
... with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp circuit similar to that described by Dionne and Stevens (1975) with two modifications: (1) the high voltage current stages were replaced with low voltage (f15 V) equivalents, and (2) the membrane voltage was measured differentially between the intracellular vo ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... To what extent is dendritic development driven by intrinsic neuronal differentiation programs, and what extrinsic contributions are required from the environment for dendrites to develop normally? Studies of cerebellar Purkinje cells and their spectacular dendritic trees (Fig. 1a) have provided evid ...
... To what extent is dendritic development driven by intrinsic neuronal differentiation programs, and what extrinsic contributions are required from the environment for dendrites to develop normally? Studies of cerebellar Purkinje cells and their spectacular dendritic trees (Fig. 1a) have provided evid ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... the hippocampus. Although considerable evidence supports the ‘yang’ action of neurotrophins, few studies have addressed the ‘yin’ aspect of the model, in which proneurotrophins, acting through p75NTR, have effects opposite to those of the mature form. It therefore remains to be established whether t ...
... the hippocampus. Although considerable evidence supports the ‘yang’ action of neurotrophins, few studies have addressed the ‘yin’ aspect of the model, in which proneurotrophins, acting through p75NTR, have effects opposite to those of the mature form. It therefore remains to be established whether t ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... the ipsilateral radula-half was mechanically stimulated. Centrifugal action potentials could result from central activation of either the left or right B21 RM neuron. Combinations of up to three neurons in the buccal ganglion were impaled with microelectrodes to electrically stimulate the cells or t ...
... the ipsilateral radula-half was mechanically stimulated. Centrifugal action potentials could result from central activation of either the left or right B21 RM neuron. Combinations of up to three neurons in the buccal ganglion were impaled with microelectrodes to electrically stimulate the cells or t ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.