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... persisted in the frontonasal ectoderm, including the lens (data not shown). The discrete spots of low-level expression in the ectoderm at later stages may correlate with sites of placodal ingression, which continues through stage 21 (D’Amico-Martel and Noden, 1983). At the tissue level, N-cadherin e ...
... persisted in the frontonasal ectoderm, including the lens (data not shown). The discrete spots of low-level expression in the ectoderm at later stages may correlate with sites of placodal ingression, which continues through stage 21 (D’Amico-Martel and Noden, 1983). At the tissue level, N-cadherin e ...
the spatial control of ganglionic neurite growth by the substrate
... neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn sharply so as to remain on the pathway. This turning response is not simply due to a physical barrier to movement across the edge, since growth cones can cross onto the pa ...
... neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn sharply so as to remain on the pathway. This turning response is not simply due to a physical barrier to movement across the edge, since growth cones can cross onto the pa ...
with the Cell Wall and Evidence that Peroxidase Does
... was added to each gradient as a marker. The gradients were formed by centrifuging at 40,000 rpm for 72 hr in a Beckman 65B ultracentrifuge using the SW-65 swinging bucket rotor. At the end of the centrifuge run, 3-drop fractions were collected from the bottom of each tube. The refractive index of ev ...
... was added to each gradient as a marker. The gradients were formed by centrifuging at 40,000 rpm for 72 hr in a Beckman 65B ultracentrifuge using the SW-65 swinging bucket rotor. At the end of the centrifuge run, 3-drop fractions were collected from the bottom of each tube. The refractive index of ev ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809 – 824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452– 462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. ...
... In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809 – 824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452– 462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole ce ...
... to use intracellular solution that did not contain QX-314. However, the contamination of the action potential prevented reliable recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). We therefore included a low concentration (0.2 mM) of QX-314 in the recording pipettes. After formation of whole ce ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... reticular formation are involved in the generation and maintenance of active sleep(Siegel, 1989; Steriade and McCarley, 1990; Jones, 1991). Nonetheless,the specific setsof neurons within the pons and medulla that are responsiblefor this behavioral state have not been clearly demarcated. A major diff ...
... reticular formation are involved in the generation and maintenance of active sleep(Siegel, 1989; Steriade and McCarley, 1990; Jones, 1991). Nonetheless,the specific setsof neurons within the pons and medulla that are responsiblefor this behavioral state have not been clearly demarcated. A major diff ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... Information processing in neurons or neuronal systems is based on electrical signals produced over and travelling along the membranes of neuronal cells and chemical (synapses) or electrical (gap junctions) communication between the neurons. The biophysical and biochemical basis and the physiology in ...
... Information processing in neurons or neuronal systems is based on electrical signals produced over and travelling along the membranes of neuronal cells and chemical (synapses) or electrical (gap junctions) communication between the neurons. The biophysical and biochemical basis and the physiology in ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... by a fixed interval (300-500 msec) (Fig. 1C). This condition was used to assess the activation of neurons in response to stimuli presented when the monkey was instructed that no saccade should be made. The first and third conditions were repeated presenting the target with distracters (Fig. ID&). Th ...
... by a fixed interval (300-500 msec) (Fig. 1C). This condition was used to assess the activation of neurons in response to stimuli presented when the monkey was instructed that no saccade should be made. The first and third conditions were repeated presenting the target with distracters (Fig. ID&). Th ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the ...
... establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... (Morest et al., 1986; Ostapoff et al., 1987). While some aspects of development are still incomplete in gerbils from this age range, most physiological parameters of auditory function that have been measured in the lower auditory brain stem of this species have adult characteristics by 30 d of age ( ...
... (Morest et al., 1986; Ostapoff et al., 1987). While some aspects of development are still incomplete in gerbils from this age range, most physiological parameters of auditory function that have been measured in the lower auditory brain stem of this species have adult characteristics by 30 d of age ( ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... Neuronal development relies on the coordination of various biological mechanisms, including the trafficking and function of neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In this dissertation, I investigated various distinct, yet related, mechanisms of neuronal development: ...
... Neuronal development relies on the coordination of various biological mechanisms, including the trafficking and function of neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In this dissertation, I investigated various distinct, yet related, mechanisms of neuronal development: ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... 2. Effect of stimulation of HDB on the population EPSP in layer Ia of piriform cortex in response to stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. A: responses to baseline pulse (baseline response) and test pulse 50 ms after HDB stimulation (test response, Dt 5 50 ms). The population EPSP observed in ...
... 2. Effect of stimulation of HDB on the population EPSP in layer Ia of piriform cortex in response to stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. A: responses to baseline pulse (baseline response) and test pulse 50 ms after HDB stimulation (test response, Dt 5 50 ms). The population EPSP observed in ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... secretory protein could underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Investigation of disease-related changes in BDNF transport might provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescentl ...
... secretory protein could underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Investigation of disease-related changes in BDNF transport might provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescentl ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... on the screen(fixation task). When the spot wasturned off and a target spot came on, they were required to fixate on the target quickly by making a saccade.Visually guidedsaccades were elicited when the target cameon without a time gap(saccadetask). Memory-guided saccadeswere elicited by delivering ...
... on the screen(fixation task). When the spot wasturned off and a target spot came on, they were required to fixate on the target quickly by making a saccade.Visually guidedsaccades were elicited when the target cameon without a time gap(saccadetask). Memory-guided saccadeswere elicited by delivering ...
Chapter 2
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... were covered with agar to improve recording stability. Intracellular recordings were made using a high impedance amplifier with active bridge circuitry (Neurodata, NY). Typically, cells were recorded for 30 min to 2 h. After penetration and stabilization of impalements, spontaneous and evoked synapt ...
... were covered with agar to improve recording stability. Intracellular recordings were made using a high impedance amplifier with active bridge circuitry (Neurodata, NY). Typically, cells were recorded for 30 min to 2 h. After penetration and stabilization of impalements, spontaneous and evoked synapt ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... from the fixation point. An angle of 0” describes a rightward horizontal direction, and a 90” angle describes an upward vertical direction. ...
... from the fixation point. An angle of 0” describes a rightward horizontal direction, and a 90” angle describes an upward vertical direction. ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... Food storing is a seasonally varying behavior that occurs in a small number of species. Hundreds to hundreds of thousands of food items can be stored over large areas in fall and winter and are later retrieved by means of accurate spatial memory (for a review, see Sherry & Duff, 1996). The chickadee ...
... Food storing is a seasonally varying behavior that occurs in a small number of species. Hundreds to hundreds of thousands of food items can be stored over large areas in fall and winter and are later retrieved by means of accurate spatial memory (for a review, see Sherry & Duff, 1996). The chickadee ...
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... of the cholinergic neurons. However, recently attention has been focused on the idea that, during normal aging, cholinergic neurons do not die at first but undergo phenotypic changes (Smith et al., 1999) due to disordered neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Age-related reduction in ChAT-immunoreactivity ...
... of the cholinergic neurons. However, recently attention has been focused on the idea that, during normal aging, cholinergic neurons do not die at first but undergo phenotypic changes (Smith et al., 1999) due to disordered neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Age-related reduction in ChAT-immunoreactivity ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... conventional whole-cell patch recording, because they lose ions and other molecules by diffusion into the electrode. This problem did not occur with our method, because the electrode did not appear to break the cell membrane; it worked as a suction electrode. Neural signals were recorded with an Axo ...
... conventional whole-cell patch recording, because they lose ions and other molecules by diffusion into the electrode. This problem did not occur with our method, because the electrode did not appear to break the cell membrane; it worked as a suction electrode. Neural signals were recorded with an Axo ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.