Phosphorylated Tyr142 β-Catenin signaling in axon morphogenesis and centrosomal functions Deepshikha Bhardwaj
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
A Confocal Laser Microscopic Study of Enkephalin
... (N= 13). Animals were initially anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mgkg, i.p.) and then maintained on 0.5-1.5% halothane in oxygen. The methods for physiological recording have been described previously (Mason and Fields, 1989) and will only be briefly detailed here. Glass micropipettes were ...
... (N= 13). Animals were initially anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mgkg, i.p.) and then maintained on 0.5-1.5% halothane in oxygen. The methods for physiological recording have been described previously (Mason and Fields, 1989) and will only be briefly detailed here. Glass micropipettes were ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
... Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as prelude for functional studies was carried out in the chick cerebellum, as the pattern of cerebellar cell types is high ...
Contacts among non-sister dendritic branches at
... dendrite morphology (McAllister, 2000). For example, pharmacological blockade of synaptic activity in vitro and in vivo ...
... dendrite morphology (McAllister, 2000). For example, pharmacological blockade of synaptic activity in vitro and in vivo ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal intensity could be varied over a range of 127 dB from its maximal level (full-scale output from a 12-bit D/A converter). In this study, intens ...
... waveform pairs spaced at 4.5 or 98 intervals; at each direction the pair of signals, appropriate for the left and right ears, was simulated digitally. Signal intensity could be varied over a range of 127 dB from its maximal level (full-scale output from a 12-bit D/A converter). In this study, intens ...
A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action Selection
... neuron population in the model (five populations in all). For all simulations reported in this paper, we used N ⫽ 3 channels, each with n ⫽ 64 neurons per channel, making a total of 192 neurons per population. We denote these populations by the sets ⍀s1 (D1-dominant striatum), ⍀s2 (D2-dominant stria ...
... neuron population in the model (five populations in all). For all simulations reported in this paper, we used N ⫽ 3 channels, each with n ⫽ 64 neurons per channel, making a total of 192 neurons per population. We denote these populations by the sets ⍀s1 (D1-dominant striatum), ⍀s2 (D2-dominant stria ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... Spontaneous Firing Rates in fosGFP+ Neurons In the fosGFP mouse, approximately 10% to 20% of layer 2 excitatory neurons in somatosensory (barrel) cortex exhibit nuclear labeling for fosGFP and can be visualized and targeted using in vivo two photon imaging (Barth et al., 2004; Yassin et al., 2010) ( ...
... Spontaneous Firing Rates in fosGFP+ Neurons In the fosGFP mouse, approximately 10% to 20% of layer 2 excitatory neurons in somatosensory (barrel) cortex exhibit nuclear labeling for fosGFP and can be visualized and targeted using in vivo two photon imaging (Barth et al., 2004; Yassin et al., 2010) ( ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... in the present study does not allow any conclusion as to how many glomeruli are innervated by OSNs expressing the same OR. On the basis of the light microscopic observation of an avidin-stained fiber in the olfactory nerve layer, it is often impossible to distinguish whether this fiber consists of one ...
... in the present study does not allow any conclusion as to how many glomeruli are innervated by OSNs expressing the same OR. On the basis of the light microscopic observation of an avidin-stained fiber in the olfactory nerve layer, it is often impossible to distinguish whether this fiber consists of one ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an inhibitory GABAergic projection from CEl to CEm13–17, we examined anatomical and functional connectivity between CEl and CEm. First, we locally injected a retrogradely tracing virus (herpes simplex vi ...
... On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an inhibitory GABAergic projection from CEl to CEm13–17, we examined anatomical and functional connectivity between CEl and CEm. First, we locally injected a retrogradely tracing virus (herpes simplex vi ...
M1 Corticospinal Mirror Neurons and Their Role in
... cortex (M1) respond during action observation [1, 2], a property first shown for mirror neurons in monkey premotor cortex [3]. We now show for the first time that the discharge of a major class of M1 output neuron, the pyramidal tract neuron (PTN), is modulated during observation of precision grip b ...
... cortex (M1) respond during action observation [1, 2], a property first shown for mirror neurons in monkey premotor cortex [3]. We now show for the first time that the discharge of a major class of M1 output neuron, the pyramidal tract neuron (PTN), is modulated during observation of precision grip b ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere were used. In cases where fluorogold injections were on target in both hemispheres, values for left and right HVC were averaged together. We found no evide ...
... HVC neurons. In some animals, fluorogold injections missed RA on one side of the brain. When this occurred, values from the remaining hemisphere were used. In cases where fluorogold injections were on target in both hemispheres, values for left and right HVC were averaged together. We found no evide ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... single trial could be compared to the activity of the candidate neurons at that moment (e.g., could a subject’s mistake be predicted from the activity of that group of neurons?). The subject’s performance on the task could also be compared to that group of neurons (e.g., how well could a hypothetica ...
... single trial could be compared to the activity of the candidate neurons at that moment (e.g., could a subject’s mistake be predicted from the activity of that group of neurons?). The subject’s performance on the task could also be compared to that group of neurons (e.g., how well could a hypothetica ...
A Model of a Segmental Oscillator in the Leech Heartbeat Neuronal
... 1983b). When isolated, either of these ganglia can produce oscillations similar in period and voltage waveform to those produced when the nerve cord is intact. Therefore, these ganglia can be considered to contain segmental oscillators (Peterson, 1983a). The segmental oscillators are coupled to each ...
... 1983b). When isolated, either of these ganglia can produce oscillations similar in period and voltage waveform to those produced when the nerve cord is intact. Therefore, these ganglia can be considered to contain segmental oscillators (Peterson, 1983a). The segmental oscillators are coupled to each ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... homozygous mutant mice by either northern blotting or RTPCR (Fig. 1C and data not shown), confirming correct targeting of the Hrk gene. Hrk–/– homozygotes were born at the expected Mendelian frequency from heterozygote intercross matings (Hrk+/+ 45, Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertilit ...
... homozygous mutant mice by either northern blotting or RTPCR (Fig. 1C and data not shown), confirming correct targeting of the Hrk gene. Hrk–/– homozygotes were born at the expected Mendelian frequency from heterozygote intercross matings (Hrk+/+ 45, Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertilit ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics, even though they are a minor population (~20%) in the cortex. Although interneurons are a heterogeneous group of neuronal cells, they often have common features that distinguish them from excitatory pyramidal neurons. These include aspiny d ...
... morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics, even though they are a minor population (~20%) in the cortex. Although interneurons are a heterogeneous group of neuronal cells, they often have common features that distinguish them from excitatory pyramidal neurons. These include aspiny d ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... body is narrowly attenuated (7–10 μm in width). These have bipolar dendrites, extending 300–800 μm from the cell body. One or both of the dendrites is often closely associated with blood vessels and tends to be aligned dorso-ventral, perpendicular to the body of the callosum. Another subpopulation o ...
... body is narrowly attenuated (7–10 μm in width). These have bipolar dendrites, extending 300–800 μm from the cell body. One or both of the dendrites is often closely associated with blood vessels and tends to be aligned dorso-ventral, perpendicular to the body of the callosum. Another subpopulation o ...
Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons Target Non
... to the NAc, a significant number of VTA GABA neurons also project to the NAc (Van Bockstaele and Pickel, 1995; Carr and Sesack, 2000b; Margolis et al., 2006b). Moreover, a subset of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) sends a reciprocal GABAergic projection back to the VTA (Nauta et al., 1978; Heimer et ...
... to the NAc, a significant number of VTA GABA neurons also project to the NAc (Van Bockstaele and Pickel, 1995; Carr and Sesack, 2000b; Margolis et al., 2006b). Moreover, a subset of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) sends a reciprocal GABAergic projection back to the VTA (Nauta et al., 1978; Heimer et ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
... visual areas located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Connections between areas in these two pathways are lamina-specific, and contrasting patterns of laminar origin and termination of pathways have been used to arrange visual areas into anatomical hierarchies (Rockland and Pandya, 1979; Wong-Ril ...
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells form functionally
... cortical interneurons is well documented1–3, principal cells are typically grouped together on the basis of their cortical layer and/or subregion assignments. However, several recent observations have suggested that there are distinct subgroups of principal neurons with different properties, projec ...
... cortical interneurons is well documented1–3, principal cells are typically grouped together on the basis of their cortical layer and/or subregion assignments. However, several recent observations have suggested that there are distinct subgroups of principal neurons with different properties, projec ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... topology of the neural structures in the brain is constantly changing and is an integral part of its learning capability. Dendrites themselves should no longer be regarded as passive entities that simply collect and pass synaptic inputs to the soma, indeed Koch argues that ”Dendritic trees enhance c ...
... topology of the neural structures in the brain is constantly changing and is an integral part of its learning capability. Dendrites themselves should no longer be regarded as passive entities that simply collect and pass synaptic inputs to the soma, indeed Koch argues that ”Dendritic trees enhance c ...
Document
... histamine, a compound synthesized from histidine, an amino acid. • Histamine • a compound synthesized from histidine, an amino acid • You are undoubtedly aware that antihistamines, which are used to treat allergies, can cause drowsiness. • They do so by blocking histamine H 1 receptors in the brain. ...
... histamine, a compound synthesized from histidine, an amino acid. • Histamine • a compound synthesized from histidine, an amino acid • You are undoubtedly aware that antihistamines, which are used to treat allergies, can cause drowsiness. • They do so by blocking histamine H 1 receptors in the brain. ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... one of the most important events in the history of the vertebrate brain. This complicated process peaked in the human brain. In the human neocortex are deposited structural and functional mechanisms of language, thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human b ...
... one of the most important events in the history of the vertebrate brain. This complicated process peaked in the human brain. In the human neocortex are deposited structural and functional mechanisms of language, thinking, planning and other cognitive functions that significantly differentiate human b ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.