Columnar Organization of Dendrites and Axons of Single and
... Identification of synapticall y connected neurons in layer 4 of the barrel corte x . Slices of rat somatosensory cortex were placed in the recording chamber under an upright microscope (Axioskop C arl Z eiss Göttingen, Germany) fitted with 2.5⫻ plan /0.075 NA and 40⫻-W/0.80 objectives) with the pia ...
... Identification of synapticall y connected neurons in layer 4 of the barrel corte x . Slices of rat somatosensory cortex were placed in the recording chamber under an upright microscope (Axioskop C arl Z eiss Göttingen, Germany) fitted with 2.5⫻ plan /0.075 NA and 40⫻-W/0.80 objectives) with the pia ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... form, with about half of the microtubules having their plus ends distal and half their minus ends distal. Various signaling molecules are implicated in the early events of neuronal polarization that determines the neurite fate, axons vs. dendrites [Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005], but little is known of ...
... form, with about half of the microtubules having their plus ends distal and half their minus ends distal. Various signaling molecules are implicated in the early events of neuronal polarization that determines the neurite fate, axons vs. dendrites [Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005], but little is known of ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
... is usually evident in sections at a given embryonic age, depending on the location within the telencephalic wall. Ventricular zone and preplate stages Prior to preplate formation (ElO), intracortical or ventricular placements of DiI demonstrate the radially oriented neuroepithelial cells that span t ...
... is usually evident in sections at a given embryonic age, depending on the location within the telencephalic wall. Ventricular zone and preplate stages Prior to preplate formation (ElO), intracortical or ventricular placements of DiI demonstrate the radially oriented neuroepithelial cells that span t ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... entire extent of the neurite. During this transformation period there were occasional axon-like neurites that contained MAP2 immunoreactivity proximally, while tau immunoreactivity extended over the entire length of the neurite. We conclude that neurons in culture are able to compartmentalize MAP2 a ...
... entire extent of the neurite. During this transformation period there were occasional axon-like neurites that contained MAP2 immunoreactivity proximally, while tau immunoreactivity extended over the entire length of the neurite. We conclude that neurons in culture are able to compartmentalize MAP2 a ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... the generation of an appropriate respiratory motor output. Here, we will discuss work that aims to understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergi ...
... the generation of an appropriate respiratory motor output. Here, we will discuss work that aims to understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergi ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... Surfer32 (Golden Software). Neurons included in this study had resting potentials of ⫺61 ⫾ 3 mV (mean ⫾ SD). Cell input resistances ranged from 44 to 179 M⍀, and action potential amplitudes, measured from resting membrane potential to peak, ranged from 90 to 116 mV. Video images were taken during th ...
... Surfer32 (Golden Software). Neurons included in this study had resting potentials of ⫺61 ⫾ 3 mV (mean ⫾ SD). Cell input resistances ranged from 44 to 179 M⍀, and action potential amplitudes, measured from resting membrane potential to peak, ranged from 90 to 116 mV. Video images were taken during th ...
doc PHGY311
... hormone release. This control mechanism of negative (or positive) feedback regulation, discussed in detail in Chapter 1, consists of the ability of a hormone to regulate its own cascade of release (Figure 1–11). For example, as discussed in greater detail in Chapter 6, cortisol produced from the adr ...
... hormone release. This control mechanism of negative (or positive) feedback regulation, discussed in detail in Chapter 1, consists of the ability of a hormone to regulate its own cascade of release (Figure 1–11). For example, as discussed in greater detail in Chapter 6, cortisol produced from the adr ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... in the tissue, its liberation during activity, and the possibility of blocking synaptic transmission by inactivating postsynaptic receptors with either an excess of the supposed transmitter or some more or less specific antagonist. The degree of general acceptance of a newly postulated transmitter d ...
... in the tissue, its liberation during activity, and the possibility of blocking synaptic transmission by inactivating postsynaptic receptors with either an excess of the supposed transmitter or some more or less specific antagonist. The degree of general acceptance of a newly postulated transmitter d ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... sensorimotor coordination can be mediated, by small ensembles of cells. Insect motor systems have proven to be relatively complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findin ...
... sensorimotor coordination can be mediated, by small ensembles of cells. Insect motor systems have proven to be relatively complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findin ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... These effects were found to be specific to those neuropil areas that normally receive serotonergic innervation (Benton et al., 1997). In the lobster, primary sensory neurons from the olfactory organs (first antennae) terminate in the deutocerebrum within the highly structured glomerular neuropil of ...
... These effects were found to be specific to those neuropil areas that normally receive serotonergic innervation (Benton et al., 1997). In the lobster, primary sensory neurons from the olfactory organs (first antennae) terminate in the deutocerebrum within the highly structured glomerular neuropil of ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... This thesis investigates the dynamics of systems of neurons in the brain. It considers two questions: (1) Are there coherent spatiotemporal structures in the dynamics of neuronal systems that can denote discrete computational states, and (2) If such structures exist, what restrictions do the dynamic ...
... This thesis investigates the dynamics of systems of neurons in the brain. It considers two questions: (1) Are there coherent spatiotemporal structures in the dynamics of neuronal systems that can denote discrete computational states, and (2) If such structures exist, what restrictions do the dynamic ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... experiments, I was able to demonstrate that Dyrk1a is the triplicated gene that is causing the neurogenic defects in the dorsal telencephalon of Ts65Dn embryos. I have also studied the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neurogenic defects in Dyrk1a trisomic embryos. This has led to the ide ...
... experiments, I was able to demonstrate that Dyrk1a is the triplicated gene that is causing the neurogenic defects in the dorsal telencephalon of Ts65Dn embryos. I have also studied the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neurogenic defects in Dyrk1a trisomic embryos. This has led to the ide ...
Glia Engulf Degenerating Axons during Developmental Axon Pruning
... marked increase in the number of vacuoles adjacent to labeled profiles (v, Figures 1C2–1E2). In contrast, axonal peduncles, which do not undergo pruning [6, 8], exhibit little ultrastructural changes (data not shown; see Figure S1). This observation differs from a previous report suggesting removal ...
... marked increase in the number of vacuoles adjacent to labeled profiles (v, Figures 1C2–1E2). In contrast, axonal peduncles, which do not undergo pruning [6, 8], exhibit little ultrastructural changes (data not shown; see Figure S1). This observation differs from a previous report suggesting removal ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... eertebrate primary cilia are best known for their sensory roles. In the visual system, the connecting cilium between the outer segment and the cell body in rod and cone cell is a modified primary cilium. Olfactory neurons possess primary cilia that are endowed with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs ...
... eertebrate primary cilia are best known for their sensory roles. In the visual system, the connecting cilium between the outer segment and the cell body in rod and cone cell is a modified primary cilium. Olfactory neurons possess primary cilia that are endowed with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... required to reach and grasp a piece of food (target) using a precision grip (Fig. 1A, right). Then, the monkey had to bring the food to the mouth and eat it (grasp-to-eat, Fig. 1A—I) or place it into a container located near the mouth (grasp-to-place, Fig. 1A—II), in order to obtain a more palatable ...
... required to reach and grasp a piece of food (target) using a precision grip (Fig. 1A, right). Then, the monkey had to bring the food to the mouth and eat it (grasp-to-eat, Fig. 1A—I) or place it into a container located near the mouth (grasp-to-place, Fig. 1A—II), in order to obtain a more palatable ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... system (CNS) (43; 115) and particular peripheral tissues including muscles (128), adipose (197), and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axo ...
... system (CNS) (43; 115) and particular peripheral tissues including muscles (128), adipose (197), and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axo ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... filled with 2.5% cobalt chloride, then the tip was broken by gently touching it with the tip of another microelectrode (this latter step proved critical to produce optimal staining). The microelectrode, held steady in Plasticine, was inserted into the cuticular cupola at the base of the target hair. ...
... filled with 2.5% cobalt chloride, then the tip was broken by gently touching it with the tip of another microelectrode (this latter step proved critical to produce optimal staining). The microelectrode, held steady in Plasticine, was inserted into the cuticular cupola at the base of the target hair. ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... The rhombencephalic isthmus and the pontine flexure were then identified and the pontine raphe region was dissected by cutting out a rectangular block of 0.5 mm on either side of the ventral midline between these two landmarks. The most rostral part was excluded from the dissection to minimize the i ...
... The rhombencephalic isthmus and the pontine flexure were then identified and the pontine raphe region was dissected by cutting out a rectangular block of 0.5 mm on either side of the ventral midline between these two landmarks. The most rostral part was excluded from the dissection to minimize the i ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... M71 ligand, from air in this go/no go discrimination assay, despite the fact that acetophenone activates the vast majority of sensory neurons and glomeruli in these mice. This apparent discrepancy between molecular alteration and receptor neuron physiology on the one side and behavioral phenotype on ...
... M71 ligand, from air in this go/no go discrimination assay, despite the fact that acetophenone activates the vast majority of sensory neurons and glomeruli in these mice. This apparent discrepancy between molecular alteration and receptor neuron physiology on the one side and behavioral phenotype on ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... described from intracellular recordings. The growing interest to study population activity of neurons has been satisfied so far with artificially combining data from different individuals. Here for the first time multielectrode recordings from the brain of a small grasshopper brain were made. Three ...
... described from intracellular recordings. The growing interest to study population activity of neurons has been satisfied so far with artificially combining data from different individuals. Here for the first time multielectrode recordings from the brain of a small grasshopper brain were made. Three ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... Neuroscience. (D) NMDA receptors also contribute to rate control in the active state. This is accomplished by means of the saturation properties of NMDA receptors as illustrated here. Upper panels show the input– output relationships (convex lines) for a neuron with asynchronous synaptic inputs of v ...
... Neuroscience. (D) NMDA receptors also contribute to rate control in the active state. This is accomplished by means of the saturation properties of NMDA receptors as illustrated here. Upper panels show the input– output relationships (convex lines) for a neuron with asynchronous synaptic inputs of v ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
NEOCORTEX
... Spines are usually club-shaped, with a head of about 1 ¡.r,m diameter and a shaft or "neck" of about 0.1 ¡,rm diameter (see electron micrograph in Fig. 1.7). The length of the neck varies greatly, from virtually nothing as in "stubby" spines, in which the head attaches directly to the dendritic shaf ...
... Spines are usually club-shaped, with a head of about 1 ¡.r,m diameter and a shaft or "neck" of about 0.1 ¡,rm diameter (see electron micrograph in Fig. 1.7). The length of the neck varies greatly, from virtually nothing as in "stubby" spines, in which the head attaches directly to the dendritic shaf ...
- Wiley Online Library
... remain the same (Sagot et al. 1995). Recent studies using the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) transgenic mouse model of ALS, also mutated in the proapoptotic gene Bax, further support the idea that the clinical symptoms of ALS result specifically from damage to the distal motor axon and not from activa ...
... remain the same (Sagot et al. 1995). Recent studies using the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) transgenic mouse model of ALS, also mutated in the proapoptotic gene Bax, further support the idea that the clinical symptoms of ALS result specifically from damage to the distal motor axon and not from activa ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.