View Full Page PDF
... For example, the prototypical Kv channels have been divided into 12 subfamilies (Kv1–Kv12) based on relative sequence homology (107). Kv1-4 channels are in one cluster; Kv7 in another; Kv5, -6, -8, and -9 in another; and Kv10-12 in the last (374, 376). Nav channels are primarily within the Nav1 fami ...
... For example, the prototypical Kv channels have been divided into 12 subfamilies (Kv1–Kv12) based on relative sequence homology (107). Kv1-4 channels are in one cluster; Kv7 in another; Kv5, -6, -8, and -9 in another; and Kv10-12 in the last (374, 376). Nav channels are primarily within the Nav1 fami ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... set of boutons forming the mountain defines the cluster. To determine which boutons belong to the mountain, boutons are moved along the local gradient until a local maximum is reached and they can easily be identified. The well established “mean-shift” algorithm is an Figure 2. Summary diagram showi ...
... set of boutons forming the mountain defines the cluster. To determine which boutons belong to the mountain, boutons are moved along the local gradient until a local maximum is reached and they can easily be identified. The well established “mean-shift” algorithm is an Figure 2. Summary diagram showi ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... propagation), but also exhibit unifying principles. A major conceptual advance was the realization that synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in rhythmogenesis, either in an interneuronal network or in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory loop. Computational functions of synchronous oscillation ...
... propagation), but also exhibit unifying principles. A major conceptual advance was the realization that synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in rhythmogenesis, either in an interneuronal network or in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory loop. Computational functions of synchronous oscillation ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... sampled at 400 Hz. All biopotentials were digitized on-line with a PC running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG art ...
... sampled at 400 Hz. All biopotentials were digitized on-line with a PC running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG art ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... right, left, up, and down with the eccentricity of 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are includ ...
... right, left, up, and down with the eccentricity of 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are includ ...
Axonally Synthesized ATF4 Transmits a Neurodegenerative Signal across Brain Regions Baleriola,
... changes within axons may be primary events driving the development of the classical pathological changes (Krstic and Knuesel, 2013). For example, in AD brains with amyloid plaques restricted to the cortex, subcortical neurons with cortical projections degenerate, suggesting that axonal exposure to A ...
... changes within axons may be primary events driving the development of the classical pathological changes (Krstic and Knuesel, 2013). For example, in AD brains with amyloid plaques restricted to the cortex, subcortical neurons with cortical projections degenerate, suggesting that axonal exposure to A ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... known TRH receptors in the majority of TMN neurons. TRH increased the firing rate of most (ca 70%) TMN neurons. This excitation was abolished in the presence of the TRH receptor antagonist chlordiazepoxide (50µM). In the presence of tetrodotoxin TRH depolarized TMN neurons without changing their inp ...
... known TRH receptors in the majority of TMN neurons. TRH increased the firing rate of most (ca 70%) TMN neurons. This excitation was abolished in the presence of the TRH receptor antagonist chlordiazepoxide (50µM). In the presence of tetrodotoxin TRH depolarized TMN neurons without changing their inp ...
Document
... mechanisms connecting this information to the properties of cells, tissues and the organism as a whole. In 1971 the DNA revolution caught up with chronobiology for the first time in a publication describing the discovery of a gene in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), that is involved in gener ...
... mechanisms connecting this information to the properties of cells, tissues and the organism as a whole. In 1971 the DNA revolution caught up with chronobiology for the first time in a publication describing the discovery of a gene in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), that is involved in gener ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... enkephalin and tachykinins was markedly decreased (Chesselet et al 1990) These studies suggest that cholinergic neurons are more resistant to ischemia than other neurons In view of existing differences we decided to investigate the changes in AChE synthesis after cerebral ischemia Since a transient ...
... enkephalin and tachykinins was markedly decreased (Chesselet et al 1990) These studies suggest that cholinergic neurons are more resistant to ischemia than other neurons In view of existing differences we decided to investigate the changes in AChE synthesis after cerebral ischemia Since a transient ...
View Full Page PDF
... propagation), but also exhibit unifying principles. A major conceptual advance was the realization that synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in rhythmogenesis, either in an interneuronal network or in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory loop. Computational functions of synchronous oscillation ...
... propagation), but also exhibit unifying principles. A major conceptual advance was the realization that synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in rhythmogenesis, either in an interneuronal network or in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory loop. Computational functions of synchronous oscillation ...
Traumatic Injuries to the Spinal Cord
... is direct or indirect and partly on the level at which the vertebral column received the trauma. The deformities of bone, which result are determined by variations in the structure of the vertebral column at its various levels. For example, mobility is the primary function of the cervical spine. To ...
... is direct or indirect and partly on the level at which the vertebral column received the trauma. The deformities of bone, which result are determined by variations in the structure of the vertebral column at its various levels. For example, mobility is the primary function of the cervical spine. To ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... (a) An example paired recording from a GFP+ Mz671 neuron and one of its presynaptic PNs. The top trace is a single PN spike evoked by direct current injection. The bottom traces are postsynaptic membrane potentials in individual trials (the thicker line is the trial-averaged response). The vertical ...
... (a) An example paired recording from a GFP+ Mz671 neuron and one of its presynaptic PNs. The top trace is a single PN spike evoked by direct current injection. The bottom traces are postsynaptic membrane potentials in individual trials (the thicker line is the trial-averaged response). The vertical ...
Lesion of the perforant path triggers a biphasic neurogenic response
... m orphology, and their processes extend beyond their original bord ers (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). The resulting d ense netw ork of new ly proliferated astrocytes can recruit other cell types, includ ing fibrom eningeal cells and m icroglia, resulting in the form ation of a perm anent and im pene ...
... m orphology, and their processes extend beyond their original bord ers (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). The resulting d ense netw ork of new ly proliferated astrocytes can recruit other cell types, includ ing fibrom eningeal cells and m icroglia, resulting in the form ation of a perm anent and im pene ...
Examination of Rhythmicity of Extracellularly Recorded Neurons in the Entorhinal Cortex
... ABSTRACT: A number of studies have examined the theta-rhythmic modulation of neuronal firing in the hippocampal circuit. For extracellular recordings, this is often done by examining spectral properties of the spike-time autocorrelogram, most significantly, for validating the presence or absence of ...
... ABSTRACT: A number of studies have examined the theta-rhythmic modulation of neuronal firing in the hippocampal circuit. For extracellular recordings, this is often done by examining spectral properties of the spike-time autocorrelogram, most significantly, for validating the presence or absence of ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... cortex in response to activation of the principal whisker and several surrounding whiskers16. The dendrites of these neurons were restricted to a single barrel column, whereas their axons extended to surrounding columns, implying that the receptive-field properties could be explained by a combinatio ...
... cortex in response to activation of the principal whisker and several surrounding whiskers16. The dendrites of these neurons were restricted to a single barrel column, whereas their axons extended to surrounding columns, implying that the receptive-field properties could be explained by a combinatio ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... Since the axon terminals are often very large, it is common in such planes of section to encounter filamentous contacts extending over several micrometers (e.g. Fig. 3). One such contact, along the interface between a dendritic shaft in VB and an elongated sausage-like lemniscal terminal, was 7 µm l ...
... Since the axon terminals are often very large, it is common in such planes of section to encounter filamentous contacts extending over several micrometers (e.g. Fig. 3). One such contact, along the interface between a dendritic shaft in VB and an elongated sausage-like lemniscal terminal, was 7 µm l ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... bulb23 where they differentiate into interneurons, like granule and periglomerular cells in adults24-27. The migrating subventricular cells are capable of forming Mitral cells in the transected rats28. One of the effective strategies to probe how the new connections are formed during regenerative pr ...
... bulb23 where they differentiate into interneurons, like granule and periglomerular cells in adults24-27. The migrating subventricular cells are capable of forming Mitral cells in the transected rats28. One of the effective strategies to probe how the new connections are formed during regenerative pr ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... of Otago Animal Welfare and Ethics Commitelectrode in AVPV and an overlay of GnRH neurons that exhibited synaptic currents (red dots) or not (green) to AVPV stimulation. tee. The estrous cycle stage of female mice was D, Photomicrograph of a brain section cut in the same orientation as the brain sli ...
... of Otago Animal Welfare and Ethics Commitelectrode in AVPV and an overlay of GnRH neurons that exhibited synaptic currents (red dots) or not (green) to AVPV stimulation. tee. The estrous cycle stage of female mice was D, Photomicrograph of a brain section cut in the same orientation as the brain sli ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... region. Three progressively more lateral injection sites are shown in the upper left panel, and the progressively medial to lateral course of the labeled descending fibers is outlined in the lower left panel. In the upper right panel, a seriesof progressively more ventral injection sites is shown, a ...
... region. Three progressively more lateral injection sites are shown in the upper left panel, and the progressively medial to lateral course of the labeled descending fibers is outlined in the lower left panel. In the upper right panel, a seriesof progressively more ventral injection sites is shown, a ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... The local field potential (LFP) at each electrode was recorded against the bath electrode. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the traces were averaged (n ⫽ 15–20). Because spike activity can be detected with MEA electrodes at distances of ⱕ100 m (Egert et al. 2002), we assume that each electrode ...
... The local field potential (LFP) at each electrode was recorded against the bath electrode. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the traces were averaged (n ⫽ 15–20). Because spike activity can be detected with MEA electrodes at distances of ⱕ100 m (Egert et al. 2002), we assume that each electrode ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... protein levels in the CM. Most strikingly, in contrast to NP1-KO CM, incubation of normal cortical cultures with CM from OGD exposed NP2-KO cultures showed neurotoxicity similar to that observed with CM from OGD exposed WT neuronal cultures. Western immunoblotting further confirmed the increased pre ...
... protein levels in the CM. Most strikingly, in contrast to NP1-KO CM, incubation of normal cortical cultures with CM from OGD exposed NP2-KO cultures showed neurotoxicity similar to that observed with CM from OGD exposed WT neuronal cultures. Western immunoblotting further confirmed the increased pre ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiation (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, the Stop cue only causes a transient increase in STN-SNr firing, which is likely sufficient to pause, but not completely cancel, an action-in-preparation. Instead, successful, complete cancellation seems to additio ...
... occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiation (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, the Stop cue only causes a transient increase in STN-SNr firing, which is likely sufficient to pause, but not completely cancel, an action-in-preparation. Instead, successful, complete cancellation seems to additio ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... medial perforant path stimulation was behaviorally dependent (107,108); it was larger in slow-wave sleep than rapideye-movement sleep or waking behaviors. Buzsaki et al. (19) reported that the dentate population spike was larger during drinking than running, whereas the commissurally evoked CA1 popu ...
... medial perforant path stimulation was behaviorally dependent (107,108); it was larger in slow-wave sleep than rapideye-movement sleep or waking behaviors. Buzsaki et al. (19) reported that the dentate population spike was larger during drinking than running, whereas the commissurally evoked CA1 popu ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... Grenier, François, Igor Timofeev, and Mircea Steriade. Neocortical very fast oscillations (ripples, 80 –200 Hz) during seizures: intracellular correlates. J Neurophysiol 89: 841– 852, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00420.2002. Multi-site field potential and intracellular recordings from various neocortical areas ...
... Grenier, François, Igor Timofeev, and Mircea Steriade. Neocortical very fast oscillations (ripples, 80 –200 Hz) during seizures: intracellular correlates. J Neurophysiol 89: 841– 852, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00420.2002. Multi-site field potential and intracellular recordings from various neocortical areas ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.