Download Anatomy - Nervous System Test Chpt 9

Anatomy - Nervous System Test Chpt 9
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. What is the function of the nervous system?
a. sensory input
b. integration
c. motor output
d. all of the above
2. What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
a. nerve
b. neuron
c. brain
d. spinal cord
3. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron in its environment?
a. a threshold
b. an action potential
c. a nerve signal
d. a dendrite
4. Sense organs are part of the
a. sensory division.
b. central nervous system.
c. autonomic nervous system.
d. parasympathetic division.
5. When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron at a chemical synapse, it triggers the release of
a. neurotransmitters.
b. sodium ions.
c. dendrites.
d. receptors.
6. The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the
a. somatic nervous system.
b. sensory division.
c. autonomic nervous system.
d. sympathetic division.
7. Which of the following is a function of the cerebrum?
a. controls conscious activities of the body
b. controls heart rate
c. controls blood pressure
d. controls breathing
8. Which general category of sensory receptors detects heat and cold?
a. thermoreceptors
b. mechanoreceptors
c. photoreceptors
d. pain receptors
9. Drugs that generally increase activity in the central nervous system are called
a. stimulants.
b. depressants.
c. opiates.
d. alcohol.
____ 10. What types of drugs generally slow down the activity of the central nervous system?
a. stimulants
b. depressants
c. opiates
d. cocaine
Figure 28-1
____ 11. Refer to Figure 28-1. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure?
a. A
b. B
c. E
d. C
____ 12. Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central
nervous system?
a. sensory division
b. motor division
c. sensory and motor divisions
d. spinal cord division
____ 13. What is the function of neurotransmitters?
a. to transmit nerve impulses through dendrites
b. to stimulate the production of epinephrine
c. to transmit nerve impulses across synaptic clefts
d. none of the above
____ 14. The ability to move your right hand is controlled by the
a. left hemisphere of the cerebrum.
b. right hemisphere of the cerebrum.
c. both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
d. neither hemisphere of the cerebrum.
____ 15. The region of the brain that regulates hunger is the
a. brainstem.
b. medulla oblongata.
c. hypothalamus.
d. thalamus.
____ 16. Your ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the
a. brainstem.
b. cerebellum.
c. medulla.
d. cerebral cortex.
____ 17. Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the
brain?
a. thermoreceptors
b. mechanoreceptors
c. photoreceptors
d. pain receptors
____ 18. Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT
a. slow CNS activity.
b. stimulate heart rate.
c. impair judgment.
d. disrupt coordination.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
sentence or statement true.
____ 19. If you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, the pathway that the nerve impulse takes from your foot
to your spinal cord to your leg is called a reflex arc. _________________________
____ 20. Spreading out from the cell body of a neuron are short, branched extensions called axons.
_________________________
____ 21. The spinal cord is part of the PNS. ______________________________
____ 22. The largest and most prominent region of the human brain, which is responsible for the voluntary, or
conscious, activities of the body, is the cerebellum. _________________________
____ 23. The propagation of an action potential is slower in myelinated axons than in axons that lack a myelin sheath.
_________________________
____ 24. The autonomic nervous system is part of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
_________________________
Short Answer
25. Distinguish between the functions of dendrites and axons.
Figure 28-1
26. Identify the structure and its labeled parts illustrated in Figure 28-1.
27. What are the major regions of the brain?
28. What is a motor neuron?
29. What is the junction between two neurons called?
30. Why is a severe injury to the brainstem usually fatal?
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a
neighboring neuron.
Figure 28-4
31. Observing In Figure 28-4, which structures release neurotransmitters?
32. Observing In Figure 28-4, into what area do the neurotransmitters diffuse?
33. Inferring If the axon in Figure 28-4 is part of a motor neuron, to what cell are the impulses being passed?
34. Relating Cause and Effect In Figure 28-4, what causes the vesicles to release the neurotransmitters into the
synaptic cleft?
Essay
35. Compare resting potential and action potential in a neuron.
36. What is the function of each of the main regions of the brain?
37. What are the five general categories of sensory receptors? Where are they located in the body?
Anatomy - Nervous System Test Chpt 9
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
NOT:
2. ANS:
NOT:
3. ANS:
NOT:
4. ANS:
NOT:
5. ANS:
NOT:
6. ANS:
NOT:
7. ANS:
NOT:
8. ANS:
NOT:
9. ANS:
NOT:
10. ANS:
NOT:
11. ANS:
12. ANS:
13. ANS:
14. ANS:
15. ANS:
16. ANS:
17. ANS:
18. ANS:
D
core
B
core
C
core
A
core
A
core
A
core
A
core
A
core
A
core
B
core
A
A
C
A
C
D
D
B
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.1.1
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.1.1
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.2.3
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.3.1
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.2.2
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.3.2
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.4.2
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.5.2
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.6.1, 28.6.3, 28.6kt
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.6.1, 28.6.3, 28.6kt
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
Below average/Average
Average/Above average
Below average/Average
Average/Above average
Average/Above average
Average/Above average
Below average/Average
Average/Above average
28.2.1
28.3.1
28.2.3
28.4.2
28.4.2
28.4.2
28.5.2
28.6.1, 28.6.3
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
19. ANS: T
OBJ: 28.1.2
20. ANS: F, dendrites
DIF: Below average/Average
NOT: core
DIF: Below average/Average
21. ANS: F, CNS
OBJ: 28.2.1
NOT: core
DIF: Below average/Average
22. ANS: F, cerebrum
OBJ: 28.4.1
NOT: core
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.4.2, 28.4kt
NOT: core
23. ANS: F, faster
DIF: Average/Above average
24. ANS: T
OBJ: 28.3.2
OBJ: 28.2.3
DIF: Below average/Average
SHORT ANSWER
25. ANS:
Dendrites and axons are parts of a neuron. Dendrites receive signals and carry them toward the cell body.
Axons carry electrical impulses away from the cell body and toward other cells.
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.2.1, 28.2kt
NOT: core
26. ANS:
neuron; (A) dendrite; (B) cell body; (C) axon; (D) myelin sheath; (E) nucleus
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.2.1
NOT: core
27. ANS:
The major regions of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brainstem, the thalamus, and the
hypothalamus.
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.4.2
NOT: core
28. ANS:
A motor neuron carries signals away from the CNS, such as to a muscle or gland.
DIF: Average/Above average
29. ANS:
the synapse
OBJ: 28.1kt
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.2kt
30. ANS:
The brainstem controls some of the body’s most important functions, including breathing, and filters all
information going to and from the brain. These processes are essential to life, so the disruption of any of these
processes can cause death.
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.4.2
OTHER
31. ANS:
vesicles
DIF: Below average/Average
32. ANS:
synaptic cleft
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.2.3
OBJ: 28.2.3, 28.2kt
NOT: core
NOT: core
33. ANS:
muscle cell
gland cell
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.2.3
34. ANS:
They are released when the action potential reaches the knob.
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.2.3
NOT: core
NOT: core
ESSAY
35. ANS:
The voltage across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron is the resting potential. If a neuron is stimulated,
positive ions rush across the plasma membrane, reversing the charge difference. The inside of the membrane
gains a positive charge, and the outside of the membrane gains a negative charge. This depolarization is called
the action potential. As the nerve signal passes, the positively charged ions flow out of the cell, and the resting
potential of the membrane is reestablished.
DIF: Average/Above average
OBJ: 28.2.3
NOT: core
36. ANS:
The cerebrum controls voluntary activities and higher thinking skills. The cerebellum controls coordination
and balance. The brainstem controls sleep, breathing, and helps coordinate movement. The thalamus sorts
information going to and coming from the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst,
emotions, and body temperature.
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.4.2
37. ANS:
The five general categories are pain receptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and
photoreceptors. Pain receptors are throughout the body except in the brain. Thermoreceptors are located in the
skin and some internal organs. Mechanoreceptors are found in skin and inner ears. Chemoreceptors are found
in the nose and taste buds. Photoreceptors are found in the eyes.
DIF: Below average/Average
OBJ: 28.5.2