THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... using whole cell current clamp electrophysiology, reveal that leptin influences the excitability of individual SFO neurons, causing both excitatory and inhibitory responses. Furthermore, we find that leptin activates the same SFO neurons activated by amylin. Given the association between obesity and ...
... using whole cell current clamp electrophysiology, reveal that leptin influences the excitability of individual SFO neurons, causing both excitatory and inhibitory responses. Furthermore, we find that leptin activates the same SFO neurons activated by amylin. Given the association between obesity and ...
Stefan Koelsch: Brain and Music: A Contribution to the
... language. The means of investigation were electrophysiological measures, namely eventrelated brain potentials (ERPs) obtained with both electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG). Up to now, electrophysiological reflections of language perception have been extensively investigated. Semantic an ...
... language. The means of investigation were electrophysiological measures, namely eventrelated brain potentials (ERPs) obtained with both electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG). Up to now, electrophysiological reflections of language perception have been extensively investigated. Semantic an ...
AXOTOMIZED SPINAL COMMISSURAL INTERNEURONS OF THE ADULT FELINE:
... or CINs) are a class of neuron with axons that project through the ventral commissure to the contralateral spinal cord. My goal was to examine the morphological, molecular, and functional changes that occur to adult feline PCIs following a proximal axotomy. We first determined whether proximally axo ...
... or CINs) are a class of neuron with axons that project through the ventral commissure to the contralateral spinal cord. My goal was to examine the morphological, molecular, and functional changes that occur to adult feline PCIs following a proximal axotomy. We first determined whether proximally axo ...
Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... control of the mouse NPY promoter (stock 006417; The Jackson Laboratory). Hemizygous transgenic mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and mated to C57BL/6J mice in our animal colony at Rutgers–Newark. Offspring were genotyped and those found to be heterozygous positive for the transgene wer ...
... control of the mouse NPY promoter (stock 006417; The Jackson Laboratory). Hemizygous transgenic mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and mated to C57BL/6J mice in our animal colony at Rutgers–Newark. Offspring were genotyped and those found to be heterozygous positive for the transgene wer ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... other biogenic amines, is determined by the bioavailability of the precursor; histidine is taken up into the cerebrospinal fluid and neurons through L-amino acid transporters (Fig. 2). HDC activity can be inhibited by ␣-fluoromethylhistidine (␣-FMH), a suicide substrate leading to a marked depressio ...
... other biogenic amines, is determined by the bioavailability of the precursor; histidine is taken up into the cerebrospinal fluid and neurons through L-amino acid transporters (Fig. 2). HDC activity can be inhibited by ␣-fluoromethylhistidine (␣-FMH), a suicide substrate leading to a marked depressio ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
PDF
... The Robo receptor has five extracellular immunoglobulin domains, three extracellular fibronectin type-3 domains, a single transmembrane domain, and several conserved cytoplasmic motifs (Kidd et al., 1998). The first and second immunoglobulin domains are required for binding to Slit (Liu et al., 2004 ...
... The Robo receptor has five extracellular immunoglobulin domains, three extracellular fibronectin type-3 domains, a single transmembrane domain, and several conserved cytoplasmic motifs (Kidd et al., 1998). The first and second immunoglobulin domains are required for binding to Slit (Liu et al., 2004 ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... today; it is sensitive at a nanogram level.1 Finally, when Maurice Israel and his associates wished to prove an unorthodox concept of ACh release, they needed an ultrasensitive ACh measurement method to prove their point and developed chemiluminescense to meet this need (Israel and Lesbats, 1981; Is ...
... today; it is sensitive at a nanogram level.1 Finally, when Maurice Israel and his associates wished to prove an unorthodox concept of ACh release, they needed an ultrasensitive ACh measurement method to prove their point and developed chemiluminescense to meet this need (Israel and Lesbats, 1981; Is ...
Document
... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... neurons into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progress ...
... neurons into the extracellular space in an activity-dependent manner17,18, supporting the idea that extracellular misfolded tau that is taken up by neurons may provide a platform for tau pathology spreading. Better understanding of the molecular basis of tau propagation is key to preventing progress ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... in post-mitotic tissues beyond the control of the cell cycle. Components of Cdh1–APC were found ubiquitously expressed in post-mitotic neurons, including in adult mouse and human brains (Gieffers et al. 1999). However, it was not until 2004 that the first neuronal function of the anaphase-promoting ...
... in post-mitotic tissues beyond the control of the cell cycle. Components of Cdh1–APC were found ubiquitously expressed in post-mitotic neurons, including in adult mouse and human brains (Gieffers et al. 1999). However, it was not until 2004 that the first neuronal function of the anaphase-promoting ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... Thereafter, the importance of orexins in the maintenance of consolidated sleep/wake states has been demonstrated by the fact that the sleep disorder narcolepsy is caused by orexin deficiency in human and animals (Chemelli et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Peyron et al., 2000; Thannickal et al., 2000; ...
... Thereafter, the importance of orexins in the maintenance of consolidated sleep/wake states has been demonstrated by the fact that the sleep disorder narcolepsy is caused by orexin deficiency in human and animals (Chemelli et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Peyron et al., 2000; Thannickal et al., 2000; ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... neuron level, responses are more robust to spatiotemporally concordant modalityspecific sensory cues (likely derived from the same event) than to either cue alone – an effect that is strongest when the cues are weakest. This multisensory enhancement effect increases event detectability and the likel ...
... neuron level, responses are more robust to spatiotemporally concordant modalityspecific sensory cues (likely derived from the same event) than to either cue alone – an effect that is strongest when the cues are weakest. This multisensory enhancement effect increases event detectability and the likel ...
Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance
... and leptin-deficient ob/ob animals (3). The function of short-form LRs is less clear, although proposed roles include the transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the production of circulating LR extracellular domain to complex with leptin (10, 11). Many of the effects of leptin r ...
... and leptin-deficient ob/ob animals (3). The function of short-form LRs is less clear, although proposed roles include the transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the production of circulating LR extracellular domain to complex with leptin (10, 11). Many of the effects of leptin r ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... Slice preparation and visualization. Ice-cold physiological saline solution containing (in mM) 126 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 1.2 MgCl2, 2.4 CaCl2, 1.4 NaH2PO4, 25 NaHCO3, 11 D-glucose, and 0.005 MK-801 was used to cut midbrain horizontal slices containing the VTA and SNc (220 m) or coronal slices containing t ...
... Slice preparation and visualization. Ice-cold physiological saline solution containing (in mM) 126 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 1.2 MgCl2, 2.4 CaCl2, 1.4 NaH2PO4, 25 NaHCO3, 11 D-glucose, and 0.005 MK-801 was used to cut midbrain horizontal slices containing the VTA and SNc (220 m) or coronal slices containing t ...
Thomas C. Südhof - Nobel Lecture Slides
... 1. Why does the Syt1 KO have a phenotype if Syt2 and Syt9 can compensate? 2. Why doesn’t Syt7 function in release if it is so similar to other ‘blue’ synaptotagmins? ...
... 1. Why does the Syt1 KO have a phenotype if Syt2 and Syt9 can compensate? 2. Why doesn’t Syt7 function in release if it is so similar to other ‘blue’ synaptotagmins? ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... point, and plotted as a function of time after intraocular injection. Quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. Sections through the optic tectum and the LoC were analyzed by ultrastructural autoradiography using protocols described previously (von Bartheld et al., 1996a; Butowt and von Bartheld ...
... point, and plotted as a function of time after intraocular injection. Quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. Sections through the optic tectum and the LoC were analyzed by ultrastructural autoradiography using protocols described previously (von Bartheld et al., 1996a; Butowt and von Bartheld ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... Arrows represent longitudinal breaks, arrowheads represent thinning of commissures, feathered arrowheads represent condensed/fused commissures, and asterisks represent segments with recrossing longitudinal bundles. Genotypes are listed on top, and antibodies are listed on the left. A–D, Stage 16 emb ...
... Arrows represent longitudinal breaks, arrowheads represent thinning of commissures, feathered arrowheads represent condensed/fused commissures, and asterisks represent segments with recrossing longitudinal bundles. Genotypes are listed on top, and antibodies are listed on the left. A–D, Stage 16 emb ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physiological and molecular factors have been found to regulate spine fo ...
... spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physiological and molecular factors have been found to regulate spine fo ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... Recent mechanistic studies of axon degeneration have highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the ...
... Recent mechanistic studies of axon degeneration have highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... might contribute to centrally initiated movements mediated by RS neurons. With respect to group II interneurons it has already been established that they are affected by commissural interneurons activated by contralateral group II afferents (Arya et al. 1991; Bajwa et al. 1992) but it remained unkno ...
... might contribute to centrally initiated movements mediated by RS neurons. With respect to group II interneurons it has already been established that they are affected by commissural interneurons activated by contralateral group II afferents (Arya et al. 1991; Bajwa et al. 1992) but it remained unkno ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... reset each day (normally by exposure to environmental light-dark cycle). – properly timed exposure to light of sufficient intensity* can, within 2 to 3 d, reset human circadian pacemaker to any desired hour. *e.g. outdoor light is more effective than ordinary indoor room light. most obvious (and p ...
... reset each day (normally by exposure to environmental light-dark cycle). – properly timed exposure to light of sufficient intensity* can, within 2 to 3 d, reset human circadian pacemaker to any desired hour. *e.g. outdoor light is more effective than ordinary indoor room light. most obvious (and p ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... Deshmukh SS, Yoganarasimha D, Voicu H, Knierim JJ. Theta modulation in the medial and the lateral entorhinal cortices. J Neurophysiol 104: 994 –1006, 2010. First published May 26, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modu ...
... Deshmukh SS, Yoganarasimha D, Voicu H, Knierim JJ. Theta modulation in the medial and the lateral entorhinal cortices. J Neurophysiol 104: 994 –1006, 2010. First published May 26, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modu ...