2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... increasingly activated by repeated heating (14,17) and intriguingly, shows different sensitivity to the direction of temperature change, resulting in an hysteresis across thermal activation-deactivation cycles (17) that is similar to the thermosensitive responses exhibited by primary warm afferent f ...
... increasingly activated by repeated heating (14,17) and intriguingly, shows different sensitivity to the direction of temperature change, resulting in an hysteresis across thermal activation-deactivation cycles (17) that is similar to the thermosensitive responses exhibited by primary warm afferent f ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... of the animals used in the present DiI study were as follows: 2 normal and 4 reeler on P0.5, 3 normal and 5 reeler on P1, 2 normal and 2 reeler on P2, 2 normal and 3 reeler on P3, 3 normal and 3 reeler on P4, 3 normal and 4 reeler on P5, 3 normal and 4 reeler on P7, 2 normal and 4 reeler on P9/ P10. ...
... of the animals used in the present DiI study were as follows: 2 normal and 4 reeler on P0.5, 3 normal and 5 reeler on P1, 2 normal and 2 reeler on P2, 2 normal and 3 reeler on P3, 3 normal and 3 reeler on P4, 3 normal and 4 reeler on P5, 3 normal and 4 reeler on P7, 2 normal and 4 reeler on P9/ P10. ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... L = 2l, l = 5.66, T = 0, rS = rA = 0.21, rJ = 0.71, S0 = 0, S1 = 0.42, J0 = 0, J1 = 6.38, A0 = 0 and A1 = 0.5. With this choice of parameters tuning curves in the second layer have approximately the same tuning width than receptive fields in the recurrent model, and are ~3.5 times larger than first-la ...
... L = 2l, l = 5.66, T = 0, rS = rA = 0.21, rJ = 0.71, S0 = 0, S1 = 0.42, J0 = 0, J1 = 6.38, A0 = 0 and A1 = 0.5. With this choice of parameters tuning curves in the second layer have approximately the same tuning width than receptive fields in the recurrent model, and are ~3.5 times larger than first-la ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. ...
... terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... Neurophysiological Methods The activity of single neurons was recorded from extracellular positions with moveable microelectrodes in Macaca fascicularis monkeys performing behavioral tasks under computer control. The behavioral apparatus and most recording and evaluation techniques were similar to t ...
... Neurophysiological Methods The activity of single neurons was recorded from extracellular positions with moveable microelectrodes in Macaca fascicularis monkeys performing behavioral tasks under computer control. The behavioral apparatus and most recording and evaluation techniques were similar to t ...
Review Spectrin and calpain
... (NMDA) receptor stimulation induces the appearance of characteristic products of aII-spectrin degradation which are the effect of calpain-catalysed hydrolysis. The process is connected to synaptic changes that result in long-term potentiation and memory formation [39, 40]. By using the antibodies sp ...
... (NMDA) receptor stimulation induces the appearance of characteristic products of aII-spectrin degradation which are the effect of calpain-catalysed hydrolysis. The process is connected to synaptic changes that result in long-term potentiation and memory formation [39, 40]. By using the antibodies sp ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
FAK Deficiency in Cells Contributing to the Basal Lamina Results in
... Migration Defects in fak⫺/⫺ Forebrain Disruption of FAK expression in the developing dorsal forebrain resulted in mice with frequent neuronal ectopias, manifested by overmigration of cells through the marginal zone and sometimes into the subarachnoid space (Figure 1). Cortical lamination was severel ...
... Migration Defects in fak⫺/⫺ Forebrain Disruption of FAK expression in the developing dorsal forebrain resulted in mice with frequent neuronal ectopias, manifested by overmigration of cells through the marginal zone and sometimes into the subarachnoid space (Figure 1). Cortical lamination was severel ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... delivery). After a neuron was isolated, the neuronal activity was first recorded with a 0.5-s delay and ...
... delivery). After a neuron was isolated, the neuronal activity was first recorded with a 0.5-s delay and ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... understand how dendrites develop characteristics distinct from those of axons (BOX 1) and how a nervous system is assembled to effectively and unambiguously process internal and external cues so that appropriate responses can be generated. Here, we review recent progress in uncovering the molecular ...
... understand how dendrites develop characteristics distinct from those of axons (BOX 1) and how a nervous system is assembled to effectively and unambiguously process internal and external cues so that appropriate responses can be generated. Here, we review recent progress in uncovering the molecular ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... Electrode implantation To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant ...
... Electrode implantation To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant ...
TESE
... Further support for the concept that FTD and ALS are closely related conditions is the recognition that both clinical syndromes may occur within the same family, often with an autosomaldominant pattern of inheritance. This familial association is not well explained by the currently recognized geneti ...
... Further support for the concept that FTD and ALS are closely related conditions is the recognition that both clinical syndromes may occur within the same family, often with an autosomaldominant pattern of inheritance. This familial association is not well explained by the currently recognized geneti ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... loss in the fetal mesencephalic cultures, an effect which could be partially reversed by treatment with cystatin C. Moreover, in vivo DA neurons survival study showed that administration of cystatin C in rats with 6OHDA-induced lesion partially rescued the nigral DA neurons. The results indicate tha ...
... loss in the fetal mesencephalic cultures, an effect which could be partially reversed by treatment with cystatin C. Moreover, in vivo DA neurons survival study showed that administration of cystatin C in rats with 6OHDA-induced lesion partially rescued the nigral DA neurons. The results indicate tha ...
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene eutropically in orexin containing neurons (Sakurai et al., 1999). In the present study, we used the same human prepro-orexin gene fragment as the promoter to specifically express a toxic transgene only in orexin-containing neurons to selectively re ...
... the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene eutropically in orexin containing neurons (Sakurai et al., 1999). In the present study, we used the same human prepro-orexin gene fragment as the promoter to specifically express a toxic transgene only in orexin-containing neurons to selectively re ...
Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... of transmitter by Eccles (1964). The DRP is associated with a negative-positive dorsal cord potential (DCP) recorded from an electrode on the dorsal surface of the cord relative to a nearby reference electrode (Willis and Coggeshall 1991). We report here on these potentials in the rat where the shap ...
... of transmitter by Eccles (1964). The DRP is associated with a negative-positive dorsal cord potential (DCP) recorded from an electrode on the dorsal surface of the cord relative to a nearby reference electrode (Willis and Coggeshall 1991). We report here on these potentials in the rat where the shap ...
Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations in - AJP
... as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1–2 cm that recorded progressive and gradually later activity with no late (⬎50% cycle) electrical activity on adjacent sites. Mapping ...
... as described elsewhere (1, 2, 36), including focal VT occurring when the electrode recording the earliest SOO was surrounded on six sides by other electrodes within 1–2 cm that recorded progressive and gradually later activity with no late (⬎50% cycle) electrical activity on adjacent sites. Mapping ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... the position of each labeled cell body. Therefore, we only needed to image with sufficient resolution to distinguish every cell body throughout the brain (Figure 2C). This resulted in ~2Tb of image data from each brain, allowing us to image many brains, whereas imaging with even 2x higher magnificat ...
... the position of each labeled cell body. Therefore, we only needed to image with sufficient resolution to distinguish every cell body throughout the brain (Figure 2C). This resulted in ~2Tb of image data from each brain, allowing us to image many brains, whereas imaging with even 2x higher magnificat ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... to reduce pain. A stainless steel recording chamber was stereotaxically positioned over the skull of the right hemisphere and tilted laterally by 457 to avoid damage to the motor cortex and internal capsule. Four T-shape bolts were implanted in the skull with dental acrylic cement to fix the chamber ...
... to reduce pain. A stainless steel recording chamber was stereotaxically positioned over the skull of the right hemisphere and tilted laterally by 457 to avoid damage to the motor cortex and internal capsule. Four T-shape bolts were implanted in the skull with dental acrylic cement to fix the chamber ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... mPFC excitatory projections to the VTA. These synapses primarily connect to GABAergic interneurons, but also to mesocortical DA neurons (Carr and Sesack, 2000; Geisler et al., 2007). In contrast, the ILCx sends only about 10% of the prefrontal excitatory projections to the VTA (Geisler et al., 2007) ...
... mPFC excitatory projections to the VTA. These synapses primarily connect to GABAergic interneurons, but also to mesocortical DA neurons (Carr and Sesack, 2000; Geisler et al., 2007). In contrast, the ILCx sends only about 10% of the prefrontal excitatory projections to the VTA (Geisler et al., 2007) ...
Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in those nuclei were reconstructed from serial sections and found to branch widely, sparsely innervating large areas of the tectum. Fourth, the dense thickets are not terminals o ...
... neurons labeled in Imr, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, or profundus mesencephali rostralis (PMr). The axons of neurons in those nuclei were reconstructed from serial sections and found to branch widely, sparsely innervating large areas of the tectum. Fourth, the dense thickets are not terminals o ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... patients indicated that orexins are highly important factors for the sleep/wakefulness regulation. The efferent and afferent systems of orexinproducing neurons suggest interactions between these cells and arousal centers in the brainstem as well as important feeding centers in the hypothalamus. Elec ...
... patients indicated that orexins are highly important factors for the sleep/wakefulness regulation. The efferent and afferent systems of orexinproducing neurons suggest interactions between these cells and arousal centers in the brainstem as well as important feeding centers in the hypothalamus. Elec ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... It has now been widely agreed that the PPN is composed by a mixture of neurons of different sizes, of different neurochemical phenotype and with distinct connectivity. Cholinergic neurons represent a minority of the neurons in the PPN and are intermingled amongst a large number of GABAergic and glut ...
... It has now been widely agreed that the PPN is composed by a mixture of neurons of different sizes, of different neurochemical phenotype and with distinct connectivity. Cholinergic neurons represent a minority of the neurons in the PPN and are intermingled amongst a large number of GABAergic and glut ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. With an understanding of these new elements and mechanisms, a new Chapter 19 on the Mechanisms and Capabilities of Read ...
... in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. With an understanding of these new elements and mechanisms, a new Chapter 19 on the Mechanisms and Capabilities of Read ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... tracing experiments, a retention current (⫺5 A) was applied to prevent tracer leakage while the pipette penetrated the cortex and external capsule. When the target brain region was reached, the retention current was turned off. The silver wire that was immersed in the tracer solution for retention ...
... tracing experiments, a retention current (⫺5 A) was applied to prevent tracer leakage while the pipette penetrated the cortex and external capsule. When the target brain region was reached, the retention current was turned off. The silver wire that was immersed in the tracer solution for retention ...