Test Bank 1
... 4. The field of psychobiology explores the ways in which ________. a. evolution has shaped our instincts, drives, urges, and needs b. biological processes affect our behavior Correct: Psychobiology deals with biological bases of behaviors and mental processes. c. our mental state affects our physica ...
... 4. The field of psychobiology explores the ways in which ________. a. evolution has shaped our instincts, drives, urges, and needs b. biological processes affect our behavior Correct: Psychobiology deals with biological bases of behaviors and mental processes. c. our mental state affects our physica ...
2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education Site Map Any use is subject to
... Which of the following is NOT related to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? ...
... Which of the following is NOT related to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... Axons often form synaptic contacts with multiple targets by extending branches along different paths. PHR (Pam/Highwire/RPM-1) family ubiquitin ligases are important regulators of axon development, with roles in axon outgrowth, target selection, and synapse formation. Here we report the function of ...
... Axons often form synaptic contacts with multiple targets by extending branches along different paths. PHR (Pam/Highwire/RPM-1) family ubiquitin ligases are important regulators of axon development, with roles in axon outgrowth, target selection, and synapse formation. Here we report the function of ...
- Wiley Online Library
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
PDF
... Although primary neuronal cultures have been the most widely used system to study neuronal polarity, in vivo systems are essential for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) an ...
... Although primary neuronal cultures have been the most widely used system to study neuronal polarity, in vivo systems are essential for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) an ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... with our previous report (Ye, 2000), glycine elicited depolarization and, in some cases, action potentials in VTA neurons from neonatal rats (Fig. 1). This depolarization is explained by a reversal potential for glycine’s action (EGly) that is much more positive (near ⫺25 mV in neonatal neurons) tha ...
... with our previous report (Ye, 2000), glycine elicited depolarization and, in some cases, action potentials in VTA neurons from neonatal rats (Fig. 1). This depolarization is explained by a reversal potential for glycine’s action (EGly) that is much more positive (near ⫺25 mV in neonatal neurons) tha ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... raised the issue of whether similar correlations between target field innervation, neurotrophin synthesis and neuronal responsiveness exist for these more recently identified neurotrophins. This is especially pertinent as these neurotrophins, in contrast to NGF, have additional roles in neuronal dev ...
... raised the issue of whether similar correlations between target field innervation, neurotrophin synthesis and neuronal responsiveness exist for these more recently identified neurotrophins. This is especially pertinent as these neurotrophins, in contrast to NGF, have additional roles in neuronal dev ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... in neocortical neurons provides a means for circuits to self-tune excitability over long time-scales to prevent the development of hypo or hyperexcitable states (Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004). Exactly how big a contribution synaptic scaling makes to this process of firing rate homeostasis (FRH), and ...
... in neocortical neurons provides a means for circuits to self-tune excitability over long time-scales to prevent the development of hypo or hyperexcitable states (Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004). Exactly how big a contribution synaptic scaling makes to this process of firing rate homeostasis (FRH), and ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... C-terminal tail into the inner AIS shaft where it is predicted to interact with microtubule fascicles. (b) Domain organization of isoforms of ankyrin G (AnkG). AnkG population contains two large neuron-specific isoforms, 270 kDa and 480 kDa, that localize specifically to AIS and nodes of Ranvier. Th ...
... C-terminal tail into the inner AIS shaft where it is predicted to interact with microtubule fascicles. (b) Domain organization of isoforms of ankyrin G (AnkG). AnkG population contains two large neuron-specific isoforms, 270 kDa and 480 kDa, that localize specifically to AIS and nodes of Ranvier. Th ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... nylyl cyclase expressed in olfactory cilia, meaning that hundreds of different odor receptors rely on AC3 to transmit olfactory signals. Therefore, AC3 and cAMP signaling are obligate components mediating the olfactory signal transduction in olfactory cilia. Consequently, knocking out the gene for A ...
... nylyl cyclase expressed in olfactory cilia, meaning that hundreds of different odor receptors rely on AC3 to transmit olfactory signals. Therefore, AC3 and cAMP signaling are obligate components mediating the olfactory signal transduction in olfactory cilia. Consequently, knocking out the gene for A ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors in the lateral hypothalamic area. They were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior, but they are mainly regarded as key modulators of the sleep/wakefulness cycle. Orexins activate orexin neurons, monoaminergic and choli ...
... as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors in the lateral hypothalamic area. They were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior, but they are mainly regarded as key modulators of the sleep/wakefulness cycle. Orexins activate orexin neurons, monoaminergic and choli ...
Man to Machine, Applications in Electromyography
... muscle fibers of one motor unit are not bundled within a muscle. Rather they are spread throughout the muscle with a relatively uniform distribution. When a series of NAP’s reach the cells of a muscle unit they cause a release of chemical transmitters which depolarize the cell to a threshold value, ...
... muscle fibers of one motor unit are not bundled within a muscle. Rather they are spread throughout the muscle with a relatively uniform distribution. When a series of NAP’s reach the cells of a muscle unit they cause a release of chemical transmitters which depolarize the cell to a threshold value, ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... Analysis of the correlation between cells revealed that the synchronization between dopaminergic neurons transiently increased following rewarding but not aversive events. The dynamics of the increase in synchronization did not mirror the dynamics of rate modulations. A simulation suggests that the ...
... Analysis of the correlation between cells revealed that the synchronization between dopaminergic neurons transiently increased following rewarding but not aversive events. The dynamics of the increase in synchronization did not mirror the dynamics of rate modulations. A simulation suggests that the ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... the neurotransmitter release sites (active zone) of the presynaptic terminals, whereas NCX is excluded from these sites and present in a more dispersed fashion on the rest of the neuron (Juhaszova et al., 2000; Blaustein et al., 2002). Therefore, the PMCA may help keep active zone Ca2+ very low, and ...
... the neurotransmitter release sites (active zone) of the presynaptic terminals, whereas NCX is excluded from these sites and present in a more dispersed fashion on the rest of the neuron (Juhaszova et al., 2000; Blaustein et al., 2002). Therefore, the PMCA may help keep active zone Ca2+ very low, and ...
Sample
... Correct: Correct. Only Schwann cells can guide axonal regrowth after Incorrect: Incorrect. Stem cells are special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of manufacturing other cell types when those cells need to be replaced because of damage or wear and tear. ...
... Correct: Correct. Only Schwann cells can guide axonal regrowth after Incorrect: Incorrect. Stem cells are special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of manufacturing other cell types when those cells need to be replaced because of damage or wear and tear. ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... Williston, VT). The major boundaries of the section were drawn at 2× magnification, and labeled neurons were identified at 10× magnification. Each labeled cell was marked by a dot on the drawing. Labeled cells were identified on the basis that they contained a nucleus. In many cases a nucleolus was ...
... Williston, VT). The major boundaries of the section were drawn at 2× magnification, and labeled neurons were identified at 10× magnification. Each labeled cell was marked by a dot on the drawing. Labeled cells were identified on the basis that they contained a nucleus. In many cases a nucleolus was ...
Document
... days up to the present are due to chance and unpredictable. A number of environmental factors is not governed by chance however, but change in a cyclic and predictable pattern because they are driven by the daily rotation of the earth around its axis and its yearly trajectory around the sun. The day ...
... days up to the present are due to chance and unpredictable. A number of environmental factors is not governed by chance however, but change in a cyclic and predictable pattern because they are driven by the daily rotation of the earth around its axis and its yearly trajectory around the sun. The day ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... the size and characteristics of the axons, the wide number of pathways used, the general and precise patterns of innervation, and the evidence for both junctional and nonjunctional contacts. The anatomic distribution of the 5-HT receptor subtypes are reviewed. In addition there is evidence that the ...
... the size and characteristics of the axons, the wide number of pathways used, the general and precise patterns of innervation, and the evidence for both junctional and nonjunctional contacts. The anatomic distribution of the 5-HT receptor subtypes are reviewed. In addition there is evidence that the ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... include the influence of two extrinsic inputs: a large ‘feedback’ projection from layer VI of visual cortex (for implementation of graceful degradation, discussed below) and an equally large ascending projection from the brainstem (gating by state, arousal, attention, and eye movements). Figure 2 (l ...
... include the influence of two extrinsic inputs: a large ‘feedback’ projection from layer VI of visual cortex (for implementation of graceful degradation, discussed below) and an equally large ascending projection from the brainstem (gating by state, arousal, attention, and eye movements). Figure 2 (l ...
Effects of Diazinon and Diazoxon on Astrocyte
... exposures, lead (Olympio et al., 2009) and second-hand cigarette smoke (Lee et al., 2011) being two well-studied examples. ...
... exposures, lead (Olympio et al., 2009) and second-hand cigarette smoke (Lee et al., 2011) being two well-studied examples. ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... the information received from gustatory receptor neurons. Whereas projections from olfactory receptor neurons are clearly chemotopic, comparatively little is known on how gustatory neurons project to the central nervous system and how signals are encoded and processed by central neurons. In differen ...
... the information received from gustatory receptor neurons. Whereas projections from olfactory receptor neurons are clearly chemotopic, comparatively little is known on how gustatory neurons project to the central nervous system and how signals are encoded and processed by central neurons. In differen ...
Mammalian Models of CNS Regeneration - Wiley-VCH
... experimental studies of axonal regeneration in the mammalian spinal cord. There have been many claims of treatments resulting in successful axonal regeneration in the mammalian CNS, but there is a paucity of cases where those claims have been replicated in other laboratories, or have even developed ...
... experimental studies of axonal regeneration in the mammalian spinal cord. There have been many claims of treatments resulting in successful axonal regeneration in the mammalian CNS, but there is a paucity of cases where those claims have been replicated in other laboratories, or have even developed ...
Morphological and biochemical characterization of apoptosis
... calpain activity and apoptosis during spinal cord injury (35). In accordance with this, we also used a Western blot analysis of the production of 150-kD calpain-cleaved -fodrin fragment to assess calpain activity in motor neurons of spinal cord slices (21). A synthetic and cell-permeable fluorogeni ...
... calpain activity and apoptosis during spinal cord injury (35). In accordance with this, we also used a Western blot analysis of the production of 150-kD calpain-cleaved -fodrin fragment to assess calpain activity in motor neurons of spinal cord slices (21). A synthetic and cell-permeable fluorogeni ...
Glycine Binding Sites of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors May
... carbogen (95% O2-5% CO2) and incubated for ⱖ1.5 h at room temperature (20°C) prior to electrophysiological recording. ...
... carbogen (95% O2-5% CO2) and incubated for ⱖ1.5 h at room temperature (20°C) prior to electrophysiological recording. ...
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... positively charged ions to flow into the cell and other ions to flow out, the neuron has been induced to create a(an) a. transmission potential. b. resting potential. c. synaptic potential. d. action potential. Correct: Action potential of a neuron occurs when the necessary number of negatively char ...
... positively charged ions to flow into the cell and other ions to flow out, the neuron has been induced to create a(an) a. transmission potential. b. resting potential. c. synaptic potential. d. action potential. Correct: Action potential of a neuron occurs when the necessary number of negatively char ...