A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... then incubated in polyclonal antibody against NPY (1:1000; rabbit antineuropeptide Y; ImmunoStar; 22940), SOM (1:1000; rabbit anti-somatostatin; ImmunoStar; 20067), or NOS (1:1000; goat anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Abcam; Ab1376) diluted in a solution containing 1% NDS, 1% BSA, and 0.1% Trit ...
... then incubated in polyclonal antibody against NPY (1:1000; rabbit antineuropeptide Y; ImmunoStar; 22940), SOM (1:1000; rabbit anti-somatostatin; ImmunoStar; 20067), or NOS (1:1000; goat anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Abcam; Ab1376) diluted in a solution containing 1% NDS, 1% BSA, and 0.1% Trit ...
Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... It could be possible (with no certainty) that the neural mechanisms which are involved in RI phenomenon, are similar to (or overlap with) those that cause generation of tinnitus (Roberts, 2007). By accepting aforesaid hypothesis, understanding neural mechanisms involved in RI can create a new horizo ...
... It could be possible (with no certainty) that the neural mechanisms which are involved in RI phenomenon, are similar to (or overlap with) those that cause generation of tinnitus (Roberts, 2007). By accepting aforesaid hypothesis, understanding neural mechanisms involved in RI can create a new horizo ...
NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... oldest and most straightforward paradigms to study fear-related processes (Domjan, 2005; LeDoux, 1998; Pavlov, 1927). It is considered a model system to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of learning (Fanselow & Ledoux, 1999; Helmstetter & Bellgowan, 1993; Kim & Jung, 2006; Maren, 2001). Dur ...
... oldest and most straightforward paradigms to study fear-related processes (Domjan, 2005; LeDoux, 1998; Pavlov, 1927). It is considered a model system to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of learning (Fanselow & Ledoux, 1999; Helmstetter & Bellgowan, 1993; Kim & Jung, 2006; Maren, 2001). Dur ...
A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... experiments [30-32, 49], presents several advantages. First, it allows us to characterize the effect of astrocytic glutamate on short-term synaptic plasticity in general, that is, independently of the nature of synaptic inputs. Second, it uses Ca2+ signals to merely trigger glutamate ...
... experiments [30-32, 49], presents several advantages. First, it allows us to characterize the effect of astrocytic glutamate on short-term synaptic plasticity in general, that is, independently of the nature of synaptic inputs. Second, it uses Ca2+ signals to merely trigger glutamate ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... intact brain and further emphasize that extracellular proteolysis of Reelin by tPA and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or expression contribute to cognitive impairments associated with disease states. In Chapte ...
... intact brain and further emphasize that extracellular proteolysis of Reelin by tPA and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or expression contribute to cognitive impairments associated with disease states. In Chapte ...
Neurophysiology - American Physiological Society
... C. Cerebrovascular System NEU 30. Describe the local factors affecting brain blood flow and contrast their effectiveness with that of autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. Understand the role of blood flow in relation to fMRI. NEU 31. Describe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, hemorrhage, an ...
... C. Cerebrovascular System NEU 30. Describe the local factors affecting brain blood flow and contrast their effectiveness with that of autonomic regulation of cerebral blood flow. Understand the role of blood flow in relation to fMRI. NEU 31. Describe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, hemorrhage, an ...
Thomas C. Südhof - Nobel Lecture Slides
... 1. Why does the Syt1 KO have a phenotype if Syt2 and Syt9 can compensate? 2. Why doesn’t Syt7 function in release if it is so similar to other ‘blue’ synaptotagmins? ...
... 1. Why does the Syt1 KO have a phenotype if Syt2 and Syt9 can compensate? 2. Why doesn’t Syt7 function in release if it is so similar to other ‘blue’ synaptotagmins? ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... the hypothesis that two parallel pathways may control saccades to visual targets (Keating and Gooley 1988a,b; Keating et al. 1983; Schiller 1977; Schiller and Chou 1998; Schiller et al. 1980, 1987). One pathway goes directly from the FEF to the brain stem premotor circuitry, where saccades are ultim ...
... the hypothesis that two parallel pathways may control saccades to visual targets (Keating and Gooley 1988a,b; Keating et al. 1983; Schiller 1977; Schiller and Chou 1998; Schiller et al. 1980, 1987). One pathway goes directly from the FEF to the brain stem premotor circuitry, where saccades are ultim ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... the pen remains still, they will stop firing almost right away. The Merkel’s and Ruffini endings will continue to fire to let you know that something is still there. ...
... the pen remains still, they will stop firing almost right away. The Merkel’s and Ruffini endings will continue to fire to let you know that something is still there. ...
Versican Expression During Embryonic Development in the Mouse
... from E13.5 and older embryos, which were processed separately due to their larger size. For E13.5 and later embryos, the face and snout was dissected from the head and removed prior to processing. Tissues from six adult mice were collected immediately following CO2 euthanasia and included a section ...
... from E13.5 and older embryos, which were processed separately due to their larger size. For E13.5 and later embryos, the face and snout was dissected from the head and removed prior to processing. Tissues from six adult mice were collected immediately following CO2 euthanasia and included a section ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... Kramer et al. 2000). Characterization of the functions and regulation of Cdh1–APC and Cdc20–APC in dividing cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the nervous system. Identification of functions of the anaph ...
... Kramer et al. 2000). Characterization of the functions and regulation of Cdh1–APC and Cdc20–APC in dividing cells has provided invaluable clues for our understanding of the novel functions and mechanisms of the anaphasepromoting complex in the nervous system. Identification of functions of the anaph ...
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization
... Pathak et al., 2015; Chavan et al., 2015). This finding raised the question of whether synapses without presynaptic mitochondria can sustain robust and enduring changes in efficacy. To address this question, we analyzed hippocampal synapses that had undergone theta-burst stimulation (TBS) to produce ...
... Pathak et al., 2015; Chavan et al., 2015). This finding raised the question of whether synapses without presynaptic mitochondria can sustain robust and enduring changes in efficacy. To address this question, we analyzed hippocampal synapses that had undergone theta-burst stimulation (TBS) to produce ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... an ordered differentiation process into three types of neurons: ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 ...
... an ordered differentiation process into three types of neurons: ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 ...
Emotional experiences of tension and suspense: psychological
... experiences evoked by music) and suspense evoked by a literary text. First, a behavioral study explored the role of different tonal and expressive structural features of a musical piece (harmony, melody, outer voices, dynamics, and expressive timing) as a mediator of musical tension. Results of this ...
... experiences evoked by music) and suspense evoked by a literary text. First, a behavioral study explored the role of different tonal and expressive structural features of a musical piece (harmony, melody, outer voices, dynamics, and expressive timing) as a mediator of musical tension. Results of this ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... slow-wave sleep. Slow waves reflect synchronization of periods of neuronal depolarization/high firing (up-phase) followed by periods of hyperpolarization (down phase) within large areas of the cortex. Slow-wave sleep intensity is often measured by EEG power in the delta frequency range. REM sleep is a ...
... slow-wave sleep. Slow waves reflect synchronization of periods of neuronal depolarization/high firing (up-phase) followed by periods of hyperpolarization (down phase) within large areas of the cortex. Slow-wave sleep intensity is often measured by EEG power in the delta frequency range. REM sleep is a ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... well as early lateral hypothalamic lesions, in published histological figures indicates the aphagia-inducing lesions damaged ventral pallidum as well as their intended target structure. These data, ...
... well as early lateral hypothalamic lesions, in published histological figures indicates the aphagia-inducing lesions damaged ventral pallidum as well as their intended target structure. These data, ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... The dendritic tree of a typical projection neuron in the mammalian brain contains thousands of dendritic spines, which serve as the postsynaptic sites for the vast majority of excitatory synapses (Harris, 1999). Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that undergo changes in size, shape, and ...
... The dendritic tree of a typical projection neuron in the mammalian brain contains thousands of dendritic spines, which serve as the postsynaptic sites for the vast majority of excitatory synapses (Harris, 1999). Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that undergo changes in size, shape, and ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... exclusively in conjunction with muscle atonia, which indicates that electrophysiological parameters can be used to characterize different stages of sleep 35 . Therefore, Blumberg et al33 have contended that “the pre-sleep theory, at least in its present form, does not accurately reflect the phenomen ...
... exclusively in conjunction with muscle atonia, which indicates that electrophysiological parameters can be used to characterize different stages of sleep 35 . Therefore, Blumberg et al33 have contended that “the pre-sleep theory, at least in its present form, does not accurately reflect the phenomen ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... reexamine this process. The result, detailed in Chapter 2, was a new model that can accurately predict a neuron’s multisensory response on a moment-by-moment basis as it evolves, with only knowledge of its responses to the individual component cues. ...
... reexamine this process. The result, detailed in Chapter 2, was a new model that can accurately predict a neuron’s multisensory response on a moment-by-moment basis as it evolves, with only knowledge of its responses to the individual component cues. ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... I am collaborating with several investigators at UCSD and other institutions to study the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, I am working with Drs. Susan Tapert and Gerhard Schulteis on NIDA supported P-20 Center Grant to examine the role of interoception for drug addiction. Intero ...
... I am collaborating with several investigators at UCSD and other institutions to study the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, I am working with Drs. Susan Tapert and Gerhard Schulteis on NIDA supported P-20 Center Grant to examine the role of interoception for drug addiction. Intero ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... detella pertussis toxin sensitization (Bphs), which controls both histamine-mediated autoimmune T cell and vascular responses after pertussis toxin sensitization. Histamine H1R- and H2R-deficient mice have an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell function (318, 564) and a lower susceptibility to develop autoimm ...
... detella pertussis toxin sensitization (Bphs), which controls both histamine-mediated autoimmune T cell and vascular responses after pertussis toxin sensitization. Histamine H1R- and H2R-deficient mice have an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell function (318, 564) and a lower susceptibility to develop autoimm ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
... As I am writing this chapter, the Dutch public broadcasting association KRO-‐ NCRV is airing its second episode in a special series about ‘the ADHD-‐epidemic’. Within one week of announcing the making of this series earlier this year, ...
... As I am writing this chapter, the Dutch public broadcasting association KRO-‐ NCRV is airing its second episode in a special series about ‘the ADHD-‐epidemic’. Within one week of announcing the making of this series earlier this year, ...
Orbital position dependency is different for the gain of externally and
... the elastic force of the extraocular muscles and tendons which tend to pull the eyeball back to the primary position near straight ahead [3]. The elastic force assists centripetal saccades and opposes centrifugal saccades. The neuronal signal driving the eye muscles must compensate for the effect of ...
... the elastic force of the extraocular muscles and tendons which tend to pull the eyeball back to the primary position near straight ahead [3]. The elastic force assists centripetal saccades and opposes centrifugal saccades. The neuronal signal driving the eye muscles must compensate for the effect of ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... (Llik and Pazarli, 2015). Olfactory auras are the least frequent type of sensory aura, comprising a wide estimate of 0.9% to 16% of auras of all types (Lennox and Cobb, 1933; Acharya et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2003, 2007). They are associated with paroxysmal foci, as identified by preoperative and in ...
... (Llik and Pazarli, 2015). Olfactory auras are the least frequent type of sensory aura, comprising a wide estimate of 0.9% to 16% of auras of all types (Lennox and Cobb, 1933; Acharya et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2003, 2007). They are associated with paroxysmal foci, as identified by preoperative and in ...
1 - Test Bank
... 39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in ________. a. learning and memory b. endocrine functioning c. maturation and aging d. growth and metabolic regulation Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F ...
... 39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in ________. a. learning and memory b. endocrine functioning c. maturation and aging d. growth and metabolic regulation Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F ...