Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
... transients in retrogradely labeled snake vomeronasal (VN) neurons. A shows a video image illustrating the selective staining of VN neurons with Ca2⫹ Green after retrograde transport of this dye from their axonal terminals in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Observe the labeling in the cell bodies ...
elsevier second proof - Michigan State University
... superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have seven membrane-spanning domains (reviewed in Gaillard et al., 2004; Mombaerts, 2004). The large family of odorant receptor genes has been suggested to contain two fundamentally different classes that differ in the size of the third extrace ...
... superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have seven membrane-spanning domains (reviewed in Gaillard et al., 2004; Mombaerts, 2004). The large family of odorant receptor genes has been suggested to contain two fundamentally different classes that differ in the size of the third extrace ...
Document
... processes through the core synaptic algorithm which has strong similarities to the QM wave equation. EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from ...
... processes through the core synaptic algorithm which has strong similarities to the QM wave equation. EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from ...
What the young brain tells the spinal cord: top down modulation of
... maturation of descending control of spinal sensory circuitry in rats and hypothesise that descending serotonergic neurons in the RVM provide ongoing descending facilitation of spinal sensory networks in young animals. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that cutaneous noxious stimulation activates neurons i ...
... maturation of descending control of spinal sensory circuitry in rats and hypothesise that descending serotonergic neurons in the RVM provide ongoing descending facilitation of spinal sensory networks in young animals. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that cutaneous noxious stimulation activates neurons i ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
... The Kv7 (KCNQ) channel is a family of voltage-gated potassium channels that is considered to be important in the regulation of cellular excitability and axonal conduction. Previous studies have shown that peripheral sensory neurons express Kv7.2, Kv7.3, and Kv7.5 subunits, and that suppression of Kv ...
... The Kv7 (KCNQ) channel is a family of voltage-gated potassium channels that is considered to be important in the regulation of cellular excitability and axonal conduction. Previous studies have shown that peripheral sensory neurons express Kv7.2, Kv7.3, and Kv7.5 subunits, and that suppression of Kv ...
CYP 2D6 Polymorphism
... transcription factors. Each one possess a double zinkfinger DNA-binding domain (DBD), and a larger ligand binding domain (LBD) which is carboxy terminal. ...
... transcription factors. Each one possess a double zinkfinger DNA-binding domain (DBD), and a larger ligand binding domain (LBD) which is carboxy terminal. ...
Cytochrome P450 and Polymorphism - uni
... transcription factors. Each one possess a double zinkfinger DNA-binding domain (DBD), and a larger ligand binding domain (LBD) which is carboxy terminal. ...
... transcription factors. Each one possess a double zinkfinger DNA-binding domain (DBD), and a larger ligand binding domain (LBD) which is carboxy terminal. ...
Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Huntington`s disease
... Production of BDNF is stimulated by wild-type huntingtin: physiology and mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Huntingtin and BDNF co-localise in cortical neurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Wild-type huntingtin i ...
... Production of BDNF is stimulated by wild-type huntingtin: physiology and mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Huntingtin and BDNF co-localise in cortical neurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Wild-type huntingtin i ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... molecular factors have been found to regulate spine formation (Sala et al., 2008); however, the mechanism governing spine maturation is not well understood and very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying spine pruning. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent regulator ...
... molecular factors have been found to regulate spine formation (Sala et al., 2008); however, the mechanism governing spine maturation is not well understood and very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying spine pruning. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent regulator ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... training design was used, it was observed that systemic NMDAr blockade (with CPP, (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid) before extinction training did not prevent acquisition of extinction, but did impair retrieval of extinction the following day (Santini et al, 2001; Suzuki et al ...
... training design was used, it was observed that systemic NMDAr blockade (with CPP, (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid) before extinction training did not prevent acquisition of extinction, but did impair retrieval of extinction the following day (Santini et al, 2001; Suzuki et al ...
PDF
... differentiation in vivo is that axogenesis in individual neurons precedes their dendrogenesis (Kim and Chiba, 2004; Westerfield et al., 1986). As a result, when dendrites first appear in the embryonic CNS, axons have already laid out basic fascicle organizations. In many animals, a neuropil, the reg ...
... differentiation in vivo is that axogenesis in individual neurons precedes their dendrogenesis (Kim and Chiba, 2004; Westerfield et al., 1986). As a result, when dendrites first appear in the embryonic CNS, axons have already laid out basic fascicle organizations. In many animals, a neuropil, the reg ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... in reward that often accompanied aphagia-producing lesions: the loss of acceptance or positive hedonic reactions to the taste of palatable food (such as tongue protrusions and lip licking), and replacement by active aversion reactions (such as gapes or headshakes). In the late 1970s, studies by Scha ...
... in reward that often accompanied aphagia-producing lesions: the loss of acceptance or positive hedonic reactions to the taste of palatable food (such as tongue protrusions and lip licking), and replacement by active aversion reactions (such as gapes or headshakes). In the late 1970s, studies by Scha ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
... from transgenic mouse models of the disease demonstrates the appearance of swollen axonal segments or spheroids being rich in intermediate filament proteins including the neurofilament triplet proteins NFL, NFM and NFH (Hirano 1996). The pathophysiology that leads to the formation of these spheroids ...
... from transgenic mouse models of the disease demonstrates the appearance of swollen axonal segments or spheroids being rich in intermediate filament proteins including the neurofilament triplet proteins NFL, NFM and NFH (Hirano 1996). The pathophysiology that leads to the formation of these spheroids ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... neurons in the cat (Floeter et al. 1993; Gossard et al. 1996; Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem b ...
... neurons in the cat (Floeter et al. 1993; Gossard et al. 1996; Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem b ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... it was not until 2004 that the first neuronal function of the anaphase-promoting complex was identified in the mammalian brain (Konishi et al. 2004). Konishi et al. (2004) discovered that Cdh1–APC plays a critical role in the control of axon growth and patterning in the rodent cerebellar cortex. Oth ...
... it was not until 2004 that the first neuronal function of the anaphase-promoting complex was identified in the mammalian brain (Konishi et al. 2004). Konishi et al. (2004) discovered that Cdh1–APC plays a critical role in the control of axon growth and patterning in the rodent cerebellar cortex. Oth ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... voltammetry yet did not alter the kinetics of the dopamine-dependent IPSC. Dextran failed to significantly alter the time course of the rise and fall of the dopamine transient in the striatum, suggesting a more influential role for reuptake in the striatum. The conclusion is that the time course of ...
... voltammetry yet did not alter the kinetics of the dopamine-dependent IPSC. Dextran failed to significantly alter the time course of the rise and fall of the dopamine transient in the striatum, suggesting a more influential role for reuptake in the striatum. The conclusion is that the time course of ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... لرزه، فشار، تماس: احساس تماسی گرمی، سردی: احساس حرارتی احساس درد احساس داخلی) احساس حرکی (حرکات اعضا و راس احساس حشوی معلومات درباره حاالت اعضای داخلی تهیه می کند ...
... لرزه، فشار، تماس: احساس تماسی گرمی، سردی: احساس حرارتی احساس درد احساس داخلی) احساس حرکی (حرکات اعضا و راس احساس حشوی معلومات درباره حاالت اعضای داخلی تهیه می کند ...
A tale of two stories: astrocyte regulation of
... Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of a preexisting connection between two neurons to change in strength as function of neuronal activity. Because it admittedly underlies learning and memory, the elucidation of its constituting mechanisms is of crucial importance in many aspects of normal and patho ...
... Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of a preexisting connection between two neurons to change in strength as function of neuronal activity. Because it admittedly underlies learning and memory, the elucidation of its constituting mechanisms is of crucial importance in many aspects of normal and patho ...
Characterization of Agouti-Related Protein
... the hypothalamus implicated in feeding behavior (7, 8). Some or all of the growth and weight gain phenotypes caused by Agouti or AGRP are likely mediated via the MC4R, since mice carrying an MC4R knockout mutation display obesity and metabolic abnormalities similar to those caused by ubiquitous expr ...
... the hypothalamus implicated in feeding behavior (7, 8). Some or all of the growth and weight gain phenotypes caused by Agouti or AGRP are likely mediated via the MC4R, since mice carrying an MC4R knockout mutation display obesity and metabolic abnormalities similar to those caused by ubiquitous expr ...
Cardiac Ionic Currents and Acute Ischemia
... are modulated. The modulatory processes are not described for each channel separately but are grouped into “syndromes” related to ischemia, such as changes in ion concentration ([K1]o, [Na1]i, [Ca21]i, and [Mg21]i, where the subscripts o and i refer to extracellular and intracellular, respectively); ...
... are modulated. The modulatory processes are not described for each channel separately but are grouped into “syndromes” related to ischemia, such as changes in ion concentration ([K1]o, [Na1]i, [Ca21]i, and [Mg21]i, where the subscripts o and i refer to extracellular and intracellular, respectively); ...
The Mechanism of Enterohepatic Circulation in the Formation of
... BSHs are very specific for certain bile types and they help bacteria to survive in various bile environments through their contact with bile. This assumption is supported by the studies carried out in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 that have four BSH genes, and L. acidophilus NCFM that have two BSH g ...
... BSHs are very specific for certain bile types and they help bacteria to survive in various bile environments through their contact with bile. This assumption is supported by the studies carried out in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 that have four BSH genes, and L. acidophilus NCFM that have two BSH g ...