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ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse

... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... Abstract: SLC13A5 is a Na+ -coupled transporter for citrate that is expressed in the plasma membrane of specific cell types in the liver, testis, and brain. It is an electrogenic transporter with a Na+ :citrate3− stoichiometry of 4:1. In humans, the Michaelis constant for SLC13A5 to transport citrat ...
Neurotoxicity and Mechanism of Toluene Abuse
Neurotoxicity and Mechanism of Toluene Abuse

... reflect actual increased transmission (i.e., if toluene stimulated dopaminergic efferents from the substantia nigra/pars compacta or blocked the dopamine transporter), decreased transmission (i.e., if toluene caused postsynaptic blockade of the dopamine receptor), or any mechanism involving altered ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
- Journal of Vestibular Research

Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine

... neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub acti ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral

... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE

... Figure 2 Brodmann areas of the brain (Gazzaniga, 1998) ...................................................................... 9 Figure 3 Types of biological neurons in the nervous system (Gazzaniga, 1998) .................................. 10 Figure 4 Anatomy and Functional areas of the brain (http: ...
Applications of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve State-of-the-Art Update
Applications of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve State-of-the-Art Update

... The patients who used TENS for postoperative pain control required 30 times less pain medication than did those in the control group. Improved pulmonary function, appetite, and ambulation indicated an earlier recovery for those patients who used TENS than for those patients who did not. Because the ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the

... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... Further pathways involve the PI 3-kinase pathway and the PLC/Ca2+ /PKC pathway, however these signalling cascades appear to be cell type specific [18]. Cytoskeletal rearrangements are necessary for growth cone guidance, cell migration and neuronal plasticity. Beyond solely morphological changes, thr ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates

... “Best Stimulus” refers to the chemicals to which each nerve is the most electrophysiologically responsive relative to other stimuli. ...
response inhibition is differentially related to instrumental and
response inhibition is differentially related to instrumental and

... regulate emotion and behavior. Instrumental aggression requires strong regulation of emotion and behavior, whereas a tendency to reactive aggression is caused by impaired regulation. If it is the case that response inhibition can differentiate between instrumental and reactive aggression, then resp ...
Document
Document

... as well through multifunctional spinoreticular tracts and the fasciculus proprius.7 The reticular formation (central core of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain) contains bifurcating axons that project up through the paleospino-reticular-diencephalic pathways to the diencephalon (thalamus and ...
to the Proceedings
to the Proceedings

... plasticity will take place at identified synapses of higher order information-carrying neurons during memory formation. I here address aspects of how synapses are organized at the molecular level and how they can dynamically assemble, change and mature during development - mechanisms that potentiall ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy

... show altered function and many of them eventually die. Because of this, most research on ALS and SMA is focused on the motor neuron itself and on its synapse with skeletal muscle, the neuromuscular junction. However, in the spinal cord, motor neurons receive inputs from local spinal networks, descen ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern

... continue to the cochlea, passing the outer and the middle ear. In the cochlea, the airborne sound is transformed into a neuronal signal with the help of the auditory receptor cells, (i.e. the hair cells). These cells form synapses on the spiral ganglion neurons (the first-order neurons of the audito ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during

... However, sensory information processing mostly occurs during behavioral arousal, when activity in thalamus and neocortex consists of an electrographic sign of low amplitude fast activity, known as activation, which is caused by several neuromodulator systems that project to the thalamocortical netwo ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
thyroid hormones in brain development and

... (Fig 1) (58). This process takes place postnatally in rodents and is completed by P20, when the EGL disappears. Recognized cellular targets of thyroid hormone are the Purkinje cells and the Bergman glia (57). Proliferating granular cells migrate through the molecular layer, along the fibers of Bergm ...
B-Lymphocyte-Mediated Delayed Cognitive Impairment following
B-Lymphocyte-Mediated Delayed Cognitive Impairment following

... stroke are at increased risk of developing dementia, and approximately one-third will eventually suffer from vascular dementia (Barba et al., 2000; Leys et al., 2005; Béjot et al., 2011). In many of these patients, dementia might be caused by an associated comorbidity, but even after controlling fo ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus

... It has now been widely agreed that the PPN is composed by a mixture of neurons of different sizes, of different neurochemical phenotype and with distinct connectivity. Cholinergic neurons represent a minority of the neurons in the PPN and are intermingled amongst a large number of GABAergic and glut ...
Leptin Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii
Leptin Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii

... transcription 34,5 and c-fos6,7 immunoreactivities in the NTS. Proopiomelanocortin neurons, which are prominent in mediating leptin action in the arcuate nucleus, also occur in the NTS.8 –10 There is controversy centering on whether these NTS proopiomelanocortin neurons do10 or do not1,11 mediate so ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability

... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...


... Neuronal cell death programmes are counteracted by survival signals during development in order to maintain the tissue homeostasis. Neuronal differentiation is a mechanism generating functionally integrated neuronal cells from their progenitors. These processes appear to be mediated via activation o ...
A neurotoxic regimen of MDMA suppresses behavioral, thermal and
A neurotoxic regimen of MDMA suppresses behavioral, thermal and

... sites (Battaglia et al. 1987). Moreover, there is immunocytochemical evidence of 5-HT axon terminal damage (Commins et al. 1987; O’Hearn et al. 1988; Scallet et al. 1988). The long-term effects of MDMA have been shown to persist for at least 32 weeks in rats (Scanzello et al. 1993; Sabol et al. 1995 ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO

... throughout the process of planning, designing and executing the study. I also thank my cosupervisor Siri Leknes for always providing feedback and input. It has been a long road to get to the end of this thesis, and it would not have been possible without the effort and passion for research displayed ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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