Psilocybin – Summary of knowledge and new perspectives
... mushrooms (Chen et al., 2011) maximum plasma levels are achieved after approximately 90 min. Psilocin is distributed to all tissues, including the brain, and is excreted within 24 h – the majority in the first 8 h (65% in the urine and 15–20% in the bile and feces); small amounts can be detected in t ...
... mushrooms (Chen et al., 2011) maximum plasma levels are achieved after approximately 90 min. Psilocin is distributed to all tissues, including the brain, and is excreted within 24 h – the majority in the first 8 h (65% in the urine and 15–20% in the bile and feces); small amounts can be detected in t ...
Rewarding properties of sildenafil citrate in mice
... rewarding properties of sildenafil. Conditioned place preference (CPP) has been widely used to assess the rewarding effect of various drug and nondrug treatments. The test is based upon the principle that when a primary reinforcer is paired with a contextual stimulus, the contextual stimulus can acq ...
... rewarding properties of sildenafil. Conditioned place preference (CPP) has been widely used to assess the rewarding effect of various drug and nondrug treatments. The test is based upon the principle that when a primary reinforcer is paired with a contextual stimulus, the contextual stimulus can acq ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... pathways has been studied in a wide variety of mammals. The best known centers that give origin to these pathways are the cerebral cortex (Miller 1987; Nudo and Masterton 1988; 1990; Galea and Darian-Smith 1994), the red nucleus (Pompeiano and Brodal 1957; Nyberg-Hansen and Brodal 1964; Carlton et a ...
... pathways has been studied in a wide variety of mammals. The best known centers that give origin to these pathways are the cerebral cortex (Miller 1987; Nudo and Masterton 1988; 1990; Galea and Darian-Smith 1994), the red nucleus (Pompeiano and Brodal 1957; Nyberg-Hansen and Brodal 1964; Carlton et a ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... case of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) cells located in the oval nucleus (Sakanaka et al., 1987; Phelix and Paull, 1990), which also express a fast inwardly rectifying K ⫹ conductance (known as Type III cells; Fig. 3C) (Dabrowska et al., 2013a; but see Silberman et al., 2013). It should be ...
... case of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) cells located in the oval nucleus (Sakanaka et al., 1987; Phelix and Paull, 1990), which also express a fast inwardly rectifying K ⫹ conductance (known as Type III cells; Fig. 3C) (Dabrowska et al., 2013a; but see Silberman et al., 2013). It should be ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... with this finding, moderate reduction of GSK-3 activity by pharmacological inhibitors was associated with marked effects on primed substrates APC and CRMP2, but only negligible effects on an unprimed substrate MAP1B. We conclude that GSK-3s are essential for axon growth and that differential regulat ...
... with this finding, moderate reduction of GSK-3 activity by pharmacological inhibitors was associated with marked effects on primed substrates APC and CRMP2, but only negligible effects on an unprimed substrate MAP1B. We conclude that GSK-3s are essential for axon growth and that differential regulat ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... demonstrated comparable physiological membrane properties, i.e., population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), spike, and robust pairedpulse facilitation of the EPSP, as with slices in normal ACSF. The stimulation intensities (at 30-s duration) used to evoke half-maximum EPSP and spike were ...
... demonstrated comparable physiological membrane properties, i.e., population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), spike, and robust pairedpulse facilitation of the EPSP, as with slices in normal ACSF. The stimulation intensities (at 30-s duration) used to evoke half-maximum EPSP and spike were ...
The Role of Epidermal Lipids in Cutaneous Permeability Barrier
... The permeability barrier is required for terrestrial life and is localized to the stratum corneum where extracellular lipid membranes inhibit water movement. The lipids that comprise the extracellular matrix have a unique composition and are 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids. ...
... The permeability barrier is required for terrestrial life and is localized to the stratum corneum where extracellular lipid membranes inhibit water movement. The lipids that comprise the extracellular matrix have a unique composition and are 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids. ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... facilitation, whereby transmitter release is enhanced. Varying the permeability of K + channels can modulate membrane excitability, which determines whether or not a neuron will transmit information by firing an action potential. Information transfer across the synapse can also vary, and the mechani ...
... facilitation, whereby transmitter release is enhanced. Varying the permeability of K + channels can modulate membrane excitability, which determines whether or not a neuron will transmit information by firing an action potential. Information transfer across the synapse can also vary, and the mechani ...
Pain - Nexcesscdn.net
... There are several terms that need to be defined when discussing pain physiology. These terms are used frequently when describing mechanisms of pain pathways and may be helpful to review. A summary of these terms is listed in Table 1.2. Nociception and pain are often used interchangeably, but their di ...
... There are several terms that need to be defined when discussing pain physiology. These terms are used frequently when describing mechanisms of pain pathways and may be helpful to review. A summary of these terms is listed in Table 1.2. Nociception and pain are often used interchangeably, but their di ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... the olfactory placodes (9) and migrate to their final location during the embryonic life. In addition to these data from mice, results of other experiments performed in chicks (10), rhesus macaques (11), rats (12) and humans (13) indicate that the olfactory origin of GnRH neurons is a general phenom ...
... the olfactory placodes (9) and migrate to their final location during the embryonic life. In addition to these data from mice, results of other experiments performed in chicks (10), rhesus macaques (11), rats (12) and humans (13) indicate that the olfactory origin of GnRH neurons is a general phenom ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... in which distinct clonal units are differentially marked using the UAS>rCD2,y+>mCD8-GFP transgene. We found that GAL4-201Y-positive dendrites extend throughout the clonaldependent regions (Fig. 3A-C), but fail to reach the dorsalanterior surface of the calyx such that the fourfold dendritic domain i ...
... in which distinct clonal units are differentially marked using the UAS>rCD2,y+>mCD8-GFP transgene. We found that GAL4-201Y-positive dendrites extend throughout the clonaldependent regions (Fig. 3A-C), but fail to reach the dorsalanterior surface of the calyx such that the fourfold dendritic domain i ...
C H A P
... (Grippa et al., 1999; Higaki, 2003; Gupta et al., 2004). Moreover, inhibition studies on lipases could contribute to better understand the mechanism of action of these enzymes, favoring the design of evolved lipases with improved biochemical properties and more suitable for biotechnological applicat ...
... (Grippa et al., 1999; Higaki, 2003; Gupta et al., 2004). Moreover, inhibition studies on lipases could contribute to better understand the mechanism of action of these enzymes, favoring the design of evolved lipases with improved biochemical properties and more suitable for biotechnological applicat ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
NIH Public Access
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... available that describe the process of intestinal lipid absorption in more detail .18,19 The liver is not only able to take up triglycerides derived from chylomicrons but also from other lipoproteins, mainly very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants. Furthermore, hepatic lipid uptake occurs in th ...
... available that describe the process of intestinal lipid absorption in more detail .18,19 The liver is not only able to take up triglycerides derived from chylomicrons but also from other lipoproteins, mainly very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants. Furthermore, hepatic lipid uptake occurs in th ...
cocaine 2008 - addiction education home
... reversed by pretreatment with the selective CB1R antagonist SR141716A. WIN55,212-2 decreased locomotion at the two highest doses, an effect that was blocked by SR141716A; AM-404 had no effect on locomotion. Cocaine caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in locomotion, which was reduced by WIN ...
... reversed by pretreatment with the selective CB1R antagonist SR141716A. WIN55,212-2 decreased locomotion at the two highest doses, an effect that was blocked by SR141716A; AM-404 had no effect on locomotion. Cocaine caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in locomotion, which was reduced by WIN ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... available that describe the process of intestinal lipid absorption in more detail .18,19 The liver is not only able to take up triglycerides derived from chylomicrons but also from other lipoproteins, mainly very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants. Furthermore, hepatic lipid uptake occurs in th ...
... available that describe the process of intestinal lipid absorption in more detail .18,19 The liver is not only able to take up triglycerides derived from chylomicrons but also from other lipoproteins, mainly very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants. Furthermore, hepatic lipid uptake occurs in th ...
Autism-Associated Insertion Mutation (InsG) ofShank3 Exon 21
... an insertion mutation identified in two brothers with autism with an extra and 0.85 M sucrose, and centrifuged at 82,500 ⫻ g. The fraction between “G” inserted into exon 21 (Durand et al., 2007) and located at position 3728 1.15 M and 1 M sucrose layer was isolated, resuspended in buffer C (6 mM of ...
... an insertion mutation identified in two brothers with autism with an extra and 0.85 M sucrose, and centrifuged at 82,500 ⫻ g. The fraction between “G” inserted into exon 21 (Durand et al., 2007) and located at position 3728 1.15 M and 1 M sucrose layer was isolated, resuspended in buffer C (6 mM of ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... and caudal to the SCD (Fig. 2). The group has a rostrocaudal oblique orientation (34,305), and the paramedian columns are separated by as much as 400 pm in cats and monkeys. Rostrally, the cells from this group end around and within the caudal and lateral aspects of the interpeduncular nucleus. Caud ...
... and caudal to the SCD (Fig. 2). The group has a rostrocaudal oblique orientation (34,305), and the paramedian columns are separated by as much as 400 pm in cats and monkeys. Rostrally, the cells from this group end around and within the caudal and lateral aspects of the interpeduncular nucleus. Caud ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... Neuronal and endocrine signals from the gastrointestinal tract involved in sleep regulation Multiple neuronal and endocrine signals have been identified for their direct or indirect roles in integrating sleep and energy balance via feeding mechanisms. Here, we describe the three most recognized pept ...
... Neuronal and endocrine signals from the gastrointestinal tract involved in sleep regulation Multiple neuronal and endocrine signals have been identified for their direct or indirect roles in integrating sleep and energy balance via feeding mechanisms. Here, we describe the three most recognized pept ...
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... blotting lysates from dilution series of nuclei isolated from cultured astrocytes as well as from wild-type and of Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 4D). Surprisingly in view of the lack of differences in nuclear size in wild-type versus mutant astrocytes, the levels of MeCP2 in astrocytes were found to be com ...
... blotting lysates from dilution series of nuclei isolated from cultured astrocytes as well as from wild-type and of Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 4D). Surprisingly in view of the lack of differences in nuclear size in wild-type versus mutant astrocytes, the levels of MeCP2 in astrocytes were found to be com ...