Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... neurons via two pathways: Ca2⫹ release from IP3-sensitive intracellular stores and, to a lesser extent, Ca2⫹ influx through the plasma membrane. Both components seem to be dependent on IP3 production. Chemoattractants evoke a short-latency Ca2⫹ elevation even in the absence of extracellular Ca2⫹, su ...
... neurons via two pathways: Ca2⫹ release from IP3-sensitive intracellular stores and, to a lesser extent, Ca2⫹ influx through the plasma membrane. Both components seem to be dependent on IP3 production. Chemoattractants evoke a short-latency Ca2⫹ elevation even in the absence of extracellular Ca2⫹, su ...
Neurophysiology - American Physiological Society
... NEU 27. Diagram the steps that lead to phosphorylation of a channel protein when a Gs protein is activated. NEU 28. Diagram the steps that lead to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C following activation of a Gq protein. NEU 29. Describe how changes in neuronal membr ...
... NEU 27. Diagram the steps that lead to phosphorylation of a channel protein when a Gs protein is activated. NEU 28. Diagram the steps that lead to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C following activation of a Gq protein. NEU 29. Describe how changes in neuronal membr ...
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... sections were incubated with avidin– biotin peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories; 1:200) and 0.1% Triton X-100 overnight at 4°C. After washing six times for 10 min each in 0.1 M PB, the sections were reacted with 3,3⬘-diaminobenzidine (DAB) (0.025%) and H2O2 (0.0008%) in PB. In some cases, nickel ...
... sections were incubated with avidin– biotin peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories; 1:200) and 0.1% Triton X-100 overnight at 4°C. After washing six times for 10 min each in 0.1 M PB, the sections were reacted with 3,3⬘-diaminobenzidine (DAB) (0.025%) and H2O2 (0.0008%) in PB. In some cases, nickel ...
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... individual expends, the excess energy will be stored as adipose tissue with a prolonged imbalance leading to an individual becoming overweight and, eventually, obese. Adipose tissue, once thought of as solely a storage depot for excess triglycerides, also serves as an endocrine organ which plays a c ...
... individual expends, the excess energy will be stored as adipose tissue with a prolonged imbalance leading to an individual becoming overweight and, eventually, obese. Adipose tissue, once thought of as solely a storage depot for excess triglycerides, also serves as an endocrine organ which plays a c ...
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... filter functions, feature selectivity could be generated. Any sensed object would then cause specific sensory patterns and thereby activate specific subsets of neurons, whose coincident activity could identify the object. To understand sensory computations, it is therefore important to determine the ...
... filter functions, feature selectivity could be generated. Any sensed object would then cause specific sensory patterns and thereby activate specific subsets of neurons, whose coincident activity could identify the object. To understand sensory computations, it is therefore important to determine the ...
elsevier second proof - Michigan State University
... adenylyl cyclase (Nakamura, 2000; Ronnett and Moon, 2002). The details of olfactory transduction are well understood for only a small number of vertebrate species, and involve myriad mechanisms (Firestein, 2001; Schild and Restrepo, 1998). One interesting feature of olfactory transduction is that it ...
... adenylyl cyclase (Nakamura, 2000; Ronnett and Moon, 2002). The details of olfactory transduction are well understood for only a small number of vertebrate species, and involve myriad mechanisms (Firestein, 2001; Schild and Restrepo, 1998). One interesting feature of olfactory transduction is that it ...
Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Huntington`s disease
... 1, 2 and 3; CaRF, calcium response factor; CBs, cannabinoids; CBP, CREB binding protein; C/EBPbeta, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta; CNS, central nervous system; CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor; coREST, REST corepressor; CRE, cAMP responsive element; CREB, cAMP responsive element binding prote ...
... 1, 2 and 3; CaRF, calcium response factor; CBs, cannabinoids; CBP, CREB binding protein; C/EBPbeta, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta; CNS, central nervous system; CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor; coREST, REST corepressor; CRE, cAMP responsive element; CREB, cAMP responsive element binding prote ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... contributions and how they are interrelated is essential for understanding the organization of the amygdala as a whole. In fact, a large body of anatomical evidence has clarified the major input-output relationships of most amygdalar nuclei in the rat, although the basomedial nucleus (BMA) is an exc ...
... contributions and how they are interrelated is essential for understanding the organization of the amygdala as a whole. In fact, a large body of anatomical evidence has clarified the major input-output relationships of most amygdalar nuclei in the rat, although the basomedial nucleus (BMA) is an exc ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from
... group), and their associated ascending projections to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (PFC), comprise the well-characterized mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways. In addition, a population of VTA GABA neurons provide inhibitory input to the A10 DA neurons25,and there is anatomical eviden ...
... group), and their associated ascending projections to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex (PFC), comprise the well-characterized mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways. In addition, a population of VTA GABA neurons provide inhibitory input to the A10 DA neurons25,and there is anatomical eviden ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (216, 459) and modulations (109, 811) in a variety of follower cells (98). Histamine-containing somata and fibers are widespread in arthropod brains, with the most intense labeling in the retinal ph ...
... neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (216, 459) and modulations (109, 811) in a variety of follower cells (98). Histamine-containing somata and fibers are widespread in arthropod brains, with the most intense labeling in the retinal ph ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
... The Kv7 (KCNQ) channel is a family of voltage-gated potassium channels that is considered to be important in the regulation of cellular excitability and axonal conduction. Previous studies have shown that peripheral sensory neurons express Kv7.2, Kv7.3, and Kv7.5 subunits, and that suppression of Kv ...
... The Kv7 (KCNQ) channel is a family of voltage-gated potassium channels that is considered to be important in the regulation of cellular excitability and axonal conduction. Previous studies have shown that peripheral sensory neurons express Kv7.2, Kv7.3, and Kv7.5 subunits, and that suppression of Kv ...
Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance
... and leptin-deficient ob/ob animals (3). The function of short-form LRs is less clear, although proposed roles include the transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the production of circulating LR extracellular domain to complex with leptin (10, 11). Many of the effects of leptin r ...
... and leptin-deficient ob/ob animals (3). The function of short-form LRs is less clear, although proposed roles include the transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the production of circulating LR extracellular domain to complex with leptin (10, 11). Many of the effects of leptin r ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... specialization. This example shows a cold-sensitive receptor. نهایات عصبی ازاد انها.نهایات عصبی ازاد دندریت های برهنه نیورون های دسته اول اند این مثال یک اخذه حساس سردی را.ساختمان مخصوص ظاهری ندارند نشان میدهد ...
... specialization. This example shows a cold-sensitive receptor. نهایات عصبی ازاد انها.نهایات عصبی ازاد دندریت های برهنه نیورون های دسته اول اند این مثال یک اخذه حساس سردی را.ساختمان مخصوص ظاهری ندارند نشان میدهد ...
Spinal sympathetic interneurons: Their identification and roles after
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
Memantine is a clinically well tolerated N-methyl-D
... glycine at NMDA receptors as reflected in a potentiation of NMDA currents at positive potentials by low concentrations of memantine (Wang et al., 1994; Wang and MacDonald, 1995; Parsons et al., 1998a). Although Berger et al. (1996) have proposed that part of the inhibition by memantine is due to int ...
... glycine at NMDA receptors as reflected in a potentiation of NMDA currents at positive potentials by low concentrations of memantine (Wang et al., 1994; Wang and MacDonald, 1995; Parsons et al., 1998a). Although Berger et al. (1996) have proposed that part of the inhibition by memantine is due to int ...
1 - Test Bank
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and ...
The circadian visual system, 2005
... behavior of the individual cells. While this may be true on average, many individual SCN neurons do not express rhythmicity in phase with the average of the whole (Quintero et al., 2000). This development in the analytical approach to pacemaker activity among groups of cells emphasizes the importanc ...
... behavior of the individual cells. While this may be true on average, many individual SCN neurons do not express rhythmicity in phase with the average of the whole (Quintero et al., 2000). This development in the analytical approach to pacemaker activity among groups of cells emphasizes the importanc ...
Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals
... The neurotransmitter is received by the receptor site on the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites. ...
... The neurotransmitter is received by the receptor site on the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites. ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
... responses, reward‐related responses PPN cells change firing rates and patterns in the parkinsonian state, become more entrained to motor cortex Spectral changes in LFP signals very variable PPN lesions in normal monkeys – reduce STN and SNr firing – cause poverty of movement in primates ...
... responses, reward‐related responses PPN cells change firing rates and patterns in the parkinsonian state, become more entrained to motor cortex Spectral changes in LFP signals very variable PPN lesions in normal monkeys – reduce STN and SNr firing – cause poverty of movement in primates ...
Maxillary palp glomeruli and ipsilateral projections in the antennal
... fluorescent protein that produces pH sensitive fluorescence changes during synaptic activity. They found that odours activate a distinct group of glomeruli. The activity of projection neurons was studied by Fiala et al (2002) using cameleon – a genetically encoded calcium sensor, to monitor odour ev ...
... fluorescent protein that produces pH sensitive fluorescence changes during synaptic activity. They found that odours activate a distinct group of glomeruli. The activity of projection neurons was studied by Fiala et al (2002) using cameleon – a genetically encoded calcium sensor, to monitor odour ev ...
Full-Text PDF
... thalamus in rat brains [36]. Multiple receptor subtypes of the PAR family coexist in neuronal cells. In rat neurons and astrocytes all 4 PAR receptors are present [34,39]. The simultaneous expression of prothrombin, FX, PAR-1 and PN-1 in intact nervous tissue suggests a PAR mediated thrombin effect ...
... thalamus in rat brains [36]. Multiple receptor subtypes of the PAR family coexist in neuronal cells. In rat neurons and astrocytes all 4 PAR receptors are present [34,39]. The simultaneous expression of prothrombin, FX, PAR-1 and PN-1 in intact nervous tissue suggests a PAR mediated thrombin effect ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... by filling the hollow ear bars of the stereotaxic apparatus with betadine salve. We then calculated the stereotaxic coordinates for each injection in three dimensions using the interaural line as reference. Surgical procedures. One week after the MRI, the monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydr ...
... by filling the hollow ear bars of the stereotaxic apparatus with betadine salve. We then calculated the stereotaxic coordinates for each injection in three dimensions using the interaural line as reference. Surgical procedures. One week after the MRI, the monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydr ...
Genetic analysis of the Complexin trans-clamping model Please share
... (26). A second aspect of the trans Cpx/SNARE array clamping model is that the Cpx helix forms a rigid bridge between two SNARE complexes (26). To test whether this rigidity is required in vivo, we expressed mCpx mutants with three glycine residues between the central helix and the accessory helix (H ...
... (26). A second aspect of the trans Cpx/SNARE array clamping model is that the Cpx helix forms a rigid bridge between two SNARE complexes (26). To test whether this rigidity is required in vivo, we expressed mCpx mutants with three glycine residues between the central helix and the accessory helix (H ...