Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many
... or a6 subunits is sufficient for nicotine-mediated stimulation of DA neuron firing and for nicotine preference in conditioned place preference paradigm (Drenan et al., 2008; Tapper et al., 2004). Similarly, knockout studies have shown that b2 subunitcontaining (b2*) nAChRs are necessary for nicotine-e ...
... or a6 subunits is sufficient for nicotine-mediated stimulation of DA neuron firing and for nicotine preference in conditioned place preference paradigm (Drenan et al., 2008; Tapper et al., 2004). Similarly, knockout studies have shown that b2 subunitcontaining (b2*) nAChRs are necessary for nicotine-e ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... REM induction sites, carbachol injection into a more lateral pontine site in the caudal peribrachial area has been shown to induce long-term (more than 7 days) REM enhancement (19) and long-term PGO enhancement but without REM enhancement (20). In vivo cholinergic REM enhancement and a specific carb ...
... REM induction sites, carbachol injection into a more lateral pontine site in the caudal peribrachial area has been shown to induce long-term (more than 7 days) REM enhancement (19) and long-term PGO enhancement but without REM enhancement (20). In vivo cholinergic REM enhancement and a specific carb ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. If the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does take over control ...
... subcortical stroke, the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does not contribute to recovery of the affected limb via increasing its direct CST connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. If the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does take over control ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or expression contribute to cognitive impairments associated with disease states. In Chapters 2 and 3 of this dissertation, we describe recent attempts by our lab to elucidat ...
... and other yet-to-be identified proteases is important to consider when trying to understand how altered Reelin processing and/or expression contribute to cognitive impairments associated with disease states. In Chapters 2 and 3 of this dissertation, we describe recent attempts by our lab to elucidat ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... Abstract Aithough evidence has suggested a dual role of the basal forebrain (BF) in arousai and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sl ...
... Abstract Aithough evidence has suggested a dual role of the basal forebrain (BF) in arousai and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sl ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... identified neurons in behaving animals over long time periods. Here we introduce a platform to analyze calcium imaging data on-line and feed this neuronal activity back to behaving animals. We have used this approach to investigate how animals modify population activity during operant conditioning. ...
... identified neurons in behaving animals over long time periods. Here we introduce a platform to analyze calcium imaging data on-line and feed this neuronal activity back to behaving animals. We have used this approach to investigate how animals modify population activity during operant conditioning. ...
NIH Public Access
... ms (Fig. 3D, FM-FM Neurons). Neurons tuned to these delays respond best to sonar targets at distances less than 1 meter from the bat. (Note that positive delays indicate that the higher harmonic FM signal occurs after the FM1 signal). FM-FM neurons in a second category show both facilitatory and inh ...
... ms (Fig. 3D, FM-FM Neurons). Neurons tuned to these delays respond best to sonar targets at distances less than 1 meter from the bat. (Note that positive delays indicate that the higher harmonic FM signal occurs after the FM1 signal). FM-FM neurons in a second category show both facilitatory and inh ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... GDNF-like immune or microgram activity Immunopositive neurons with varying intensities were scattered throughout the gray matter of the cortical regions examined, and were relatively intense in layers III and V/VI. Based upon their somatodendritic morphology, GDNF-positive neurons were identified as ...
... GDNF-like immune or microgram activity Immunopositive neurons with varying intensities were scattered throughout the gray matter of the cortical regions examined, and were relatively intense in layers III and V/VI. Based upon their somatodendritic morphology, GDNF-positive neurons were identified as ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... Figure 3. (Opposite.) Recording site locations and response profiles of neurons. (a) Dorsal (top) and isometric (bottom) views of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neur ...
... Figure 3. (Opposite.) Recording site locations and response profiles of neurons. (a) Dorsal (top) and isometric (bottom) views of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neur ...
Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate
... in laminae 2/3A and 4A (see Fig. 20) provides additional support for the sparse projection from lamina 3B/4A to 6, described above. Lamina 48. Lamina 48 receives most of its intrinsic input from neurons in lamina 4Co( (Lund, 1973; Fitzpatrick et al., 1985). Microinjections into lamina 48 result in a ...
... in laminae 2/3A and 4A (see Fig. 20) provides additional support for the sparse projection from lamina 3B/4A to 6, described above. Lamina 48. Lamina 48 receives most of its intrinsic input from neurons in lamina 4Co( (Lund, 1973; Fitzpatrick et al., 1985). Microinjections into lamina 48 result in a ...
Reflex Testing in The Laboratory
... figure, a stretch reflex is illustrated. The way it works is in this manner: 1) a tendon is stimulated (in this illustration by a reflex hammer), 2) the spindle (blue coil in the diagram) detects this stimulus and sends the input to the cord, 3) the information crosses one synapse (mono-synaptic) to ...
... figure, a stretch reflex is illustrated. The way it works is in this manner: 1) a tendon is stimulated (in this illustration by a reflex hammer), 2) the spindle (blue coil in the diagram) detects this stimulus and sends the input to the cord, 3) the information crosses one synapse (mono-synaptic) to ...
Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... Connecting Sensory Organs with the Central Nervous System Sensory organs send information about the outside world to specified nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). In turn, the CNS sends information back to certain sensory organs to modulate the incoming signal. For example, the retina of man ...
... Connecting Sensory Organs with the Central Nervous System Sensory organs send information about the outside world to specified nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). In turn, the CNS sends information back to certain sensory organs to modulate the incoming signal. For example, the retina of man ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... (Figure 1C). This increase was seen in both male and female flies. CO2 exposure had no effect on glomeruli that do not receive input from CO2-sensitive OSNs. We measured the DA4 glomerulus, which receives input from Or43aexpressing OSNs tuned to cyclohexanol (Stortkuhl and Kettler, 2001) and other a ...
... (Figure 1C). This increase was seen in both male and female flies. CO2 exposure had no effect on glomeruli that do not receive input from CO2-sensitive OSNs. We measured the DA4 glomerulus, which receives input from Or43aexpressing OSNs tuned to cyclohexanol (Stortkuhl and Kettler, 2001) and other a ...
Primary- and Secondary-Like Jaw-Muscle Spindle Afferents Have
... with an increased firing when the jaw-elevator muscles were palpated but failed to respond when pressure was applied to the teeth and gingiva. Two basic types of afferent response could be distinguished. One type was modulated strongly during stretching of the jaw-closing muscles. This kind of respo ...
... with an increased firing when the jaw-elevator muscles were palpated but failed to respond when pressure was applied to the teeth and gingiva. Two basic types of afferent response could be distinguished. One type was modulated strongly during stretching of the jaw-closing muscles. This kind of respo ...
Glia cells, lipid metabolism and Alzheimer`s disease
... Research on functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) has mainly focused on neurons alone. Glia cells, which far outnumber neurons in the brain, were thought to support those neuronal functions and were considered to be less important. However, intense research has revealed the true role of gl ...
... Research on functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) has mainly focused on neurons alone. Glia cells, which far outnumber neurons in the brain, were thought to support those neuronal functions and were considered to be less important. However, intense research has revealed the true role of gl ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... antennal gustatory sensilla. Two areas are within the deutocerebrum: the antennal motor and mechanosensory centre (AMMC) and a region situated posteriorly to the antennal lobes. The two other areas are in the tritocerebrum/suboesophageal ganglion complex. As our electrophysiological investigations s ...
... antennal gustatory sensilla. Two areas are within the deutocerebrum: the antennal motor and mechanosensory centre (AMMC) and a region situated posteriorly to the antennal lobes. The two other areas are in the tritocerebrum/suboesophageal ganglion complex. As our electrophysiological investigations s ...
GLUCOCORTICOIDS INCREASE CNS INFLAMMATION
... downstream genes in a similar manner. Because both MR and GR can bind to the same GRE, their often opposite effects arise from their different patterns of protein-protein interactions with other components of the transcriptional machinery. Unlike MR, GR directly interferes with the transcriptional a ...
... downstream genes in a similar manner. Because both MR and GR can bind to the same GRE, their often opposite effects arise from their different patterns of protein-protein interactions with other components of the transcriptional machinery. Unlike MR, GR directly interferes with the transcriptional a ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... is mainly because the somatotopic information that remodeled axon fibers carry has not been fully identified. The somatosensory thalamus receives lemniscal fibers (sensory afferents) from the brainstem and projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (Watson et al., 2012). Connections between lemnis ...
... is mainly because the somatotopic information that remodeled axon fibers carry has not been fully identified. The somatosensory thalamus receives lemniscal fibers (sensory afferents) from the brainstem and projects to the primary somatosensory cortex (Watson et al., 2012). Connections between lemnis ...
superior Medullary Velum
... tract, mingled with cells of locus coeruleus and in the superior medullary velum (23). In our histological study, no neurons were observed. As classical anatomical knowledge, the anterior spinocerebellar tract ascends and enters the superior cerebellar peduncle via the superior medullary velum. Rece ...
... tract, mingled with cells of locus coeruleus and in the superior medullary velum (23). In our histological study, no neurons were observed. As classical anatomical knowledge, the anterior spinocerebellar tract ascends and enters the superior cerebellar peduncle via the superior medullary velum. Rece ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... primary afferents project to secondary vestibular neurons located in the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibula ...
... primary afferents project to secondary vestibular neurons located in the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibula ...
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous
... tions with postsynaptic receptors may occur. The well known process of zinc inhibition of NMDA receptors in synapses occurs through two mechanisms, voltage independent allosteric inhibition, which reduce ion cannel opening frequency, and voltage dependent inhibition by blocking open channels (21, 25 ...
... tions with postsynaptic receptors may occur. The well known process of zinc inhibition of NMDA receptors in synapses occurs through two mechanisms, voltage independent allosteric inhibition, which reduce ion cannel opening frequency, and voltage dependent inhibition by blocking open channels (21, 25 ...