Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... The SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) are interconnected with the PPN (Saper and Loewy, 1982; Woolf and Butcher, 1986). In the rat and monkey, SNc dopaminergic neurons receive direct glutamatergic and cholinergic input from PPN neurons (Sugimoto and Hattori, 1984; Clarke et al., 1987; ...
... The SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr) are interconnected with the PPN (Saper and Loewy, 1982; Woolf and Butcher, 1986). In the rat and monkey, SNc dopaminergic neurons receive direct glutamatergic and cholinergic input from PPN neurons (Sugimoto and Hattori, 1984; Clarke et al., 1987; ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... marijuana. This discovery, together with the isolation of the second endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, established the foundation of a new signalling system in the brain [2,3]. This system is of importance to the understanding of neuronal communication ...
... marijuana. This discovery, together with the isolation of the second endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, established the foundation of a new signalling system in the brain [2,3]. This system is of importance to the understanding of neuronal communication ...
Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... Prader-Willi Syndrome is the most common syndromic form of human obesity and is caused by the loss of function of several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-nu ...
... Prader-Willi Syndrome is the most common syndromic form of human obesity and is caused by the loss of function of several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-nu ...
PDF
... A family of small homodimeric proteins termed neurotrophins plays a key role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Some of the most extensive information on the function of these proteins has come from work on sensory neurons and their progenitors. At an early developmental stage, the ...
... A family of small homodimeric proteins termed neurotrophins plays a key role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Some of the most extensive information on the function of these proteins has come from work on sensory neurons and their progenitors. At an early developmental stage, the ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... increased activity of that network, this increase should be eliminated by blocking action potential firing. If, however, the increase in spontaneous transmission is due to an increase in the number of contacts made by the presynaptic network on the postsynaptic GnRH neurone or a change in release pr ...
... increased activity of that network, this increase should be eliminated by blocking action potential firing. If, however, the increase in spontaneous transmission is due to an increase in the number of contacts made by the presynaptic network on the postsynaptic GnRH neurone or a change in release pr ...
to the Proceedings
... Rabphilin 3A (Rph3A) as a new NMDA receptor-binding partner. In hippocampal neurons, Rph3A modulates the surface localization/stabilization of synaptic containing NMDARs and NMDAR currents through the formation of a ternary complex with the GluN2A subunit and the scaffolding protein PSD-95. Understa ...
... Rabphilin 3A (Rph3A) as a new NMDA receptor-binding partner. In hippocampal neurons, Rph3A modulates the surface localization/stabilization of synaptic containing NMDARs and NMDAR currents through the formation of a ternary complex with the GluN2A subunit and the scaffolding protein PSD-95. Understa ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... rebound depolarization, which generates a single spike, restores rhythmic spiking and/or generates a burst of activity (Fig. 2g,h) [63]. Multiple IPSPs can also reduce and/or prevent action-potential generation (Fig. 2f) [63]. The pattern and rate of inhibitory input are, therefore, crucial in deter ...
... rebound depolarization, which generates a single spike, restores rhythmic spiking and/or generates a burst of activity (Fig. 2g,h) [63]. Multiple IPSPs can also reduce and/or prevent action-potential generation (Fig. 2f) [63]. The pattern and rate of inhibitory input are, therefore, crucial in deter ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... markers, their pattern of connectivity and the behavioural processes in which they participate. Three main transmitter phenotypes have been described, cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic, and yet electrophysiological evidence suggests heterogeneity within these subtypes. To gain further insight ...
... markers, their pattern of connectivity and the behavioural processes in which they participate. Three main transmitter phenotypes have been described, cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic, and yet electrophysiological evidence suggests heterogeneity within these subtypes. To gain further insight ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... E-mail: [email protected]. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5411-11.2012 Copyright © 2012 the authors 0270-6474/12/3212366-10$15.00/0 ...
... E-mail: [email protected]. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5411-11.2012 Copyright © 2012 the authors 0270-6474/12/3212366-10$15.00/0 ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... NMDARs, 1-9 days post-deafferentation, coincident with the appearance of new excitatory inputs and enlarged RFs. We observe a significant increase in GABAARs 2-7 weeks post-deafferentation, coincident with a return of inhibitory input and shrinking RFs. These experience-dependent changes in the leve ...
... NMDARs, 1-9 days post-deafferentation, coincident with the appearance of new excitatory inputs and enlarged RFs. We observe a significant increase in GABAARs 2-7 weeks post-deafferentation, coincident with a return of inhibitory input and shrinking RFs. These experience-dependent changes in the leve ...
the resonate-and-fire neuron: time dependent and frequency
... body corresponds to the metabollic center of a neuron, and it gives rise to two types of processes - the dendrites and the axon. The dendrites, commonly referred to as the dendritic tree, serve as the main apparatus through which a neuron receives input signals arising from other nerve cells, or pre ...
... body corresponds to the metabollic center of a neuron, and it gives rise to two types of processes - the dendrites and the axon. The dendrites, commonly referred to as the dendritic tree, serve as the main apparatus through which a neuron receives input signals arising from other nerve cells, or pre ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... Fig. 2. ILCx and vSUB connect directly to BST neurons. A–C: Projections from ILCx to BST revealed by retrograde labeling in ILCx after injection of the subunit b of the cholera toxin (CTb) within the BST. A: Representative photomicrograph of a BST CTb injection (dark labeling). Inset: Diagram of the ...
... Fig. 2. ILCx and vSUB connect directly to BST neurons. A–C: Projections from ILCx to BST revealed by retrograde labeling in ILCx after injection of the subunit b of the cholera toxin (CTb) within the BST. A: Representative photomicrograph of a BST CTb injection (dark labeling). Inset: Diagram of the ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... The objective function of our optimization problem is the Total Wiring Length (TWL)—the sum of lengths of all connections in the neural network of the worm. In other words, TWL is the sum of all elements of the weighted adjacency matrix C. We assume that the connections in the network are fixed, i.e ...
... The objective function of our optimization problem is the Total Wiring Length (TWL)—the sum of lengths of all connections in the neural network of the worm. In other words, TWL is the sum of all elements of the weighted adjacency matrix C. We assume that the connections in the network are fixed, i.e ...
An investigation of the sensory and motor innervation of extraocular
... global and orbital layer, and are composed of two major muscle fibre classes, singlyinnervated (SIF) and multiply innervated fibres (MIF). Previous studies in monkey revealed that SIF and MIF motoneurons are anatomically separated and have different premotor inputs, which support the idea of a dual ...
... global and orbital layer, and are composed of two major muscle fibre classes, singlyinnervated (SIF) and multiply innervated fibres (MIF). Previous studies in monkey revealed that SIF and MIF motoneurons are anatomically separated and have different premotor inputs, which support the idea of a dual ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... Biological brains exhibit many interesting and complex behaviours. Understanding of the mechanisms behind brain behaviours is critical for continuing advancement in fields of research such as artificial intelligence and medicine. In particular, synchronisation of neuronal firing is associated with b ...
... Biological brains exhibit many interesting and complex behaviours. Understanding of the mechanisms behind brain behaviours is critical for continuing advancement in fields of research such as artificial intelligence and medicine. In particular, synchronisation of neuronal firing is associated with b ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... significantly suppressed responses. In experiment 2, four- or fivebarreled glass microelectrodes were inserted into the striatum. The central barrel was used for extracellular recording of activity of TANs. Each DA receptor antagonist was iontophoretically applied through one of the surrounding barr ...
... significantly suppressed responses. In experiment 2, four- or fivebarreled glass microelectrodes were inserted into the striatum. The central barrel was used for extracellular recording of activity of TANs. Each DA receptor antagonist was iontophoretically applied through one of the surrounding barr ...
Pain
... A gate, where pain impulses can be “gated” The synaptic junctions between the peripheral nociceptor fiber and the dorsal horn cells in the spinal cord are the sites of considerable plasticity. ...
... A gate, where pain impulses can be “gated” The synaptic junctions between the peripheral nociceptor fiber and the dorsal horn cells in the spinal cord are the sites of considerable plasticity. ...
PDF - Bellen Lab
... exocytosis machinery. In Drosophila, for example, syntaxin mutants completely lack both evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission and also fail to secrete epidermal cuticle, indicating that Drosophila Syntaxin (by convention, Drosophila proteins are capitalized) is essential for both neuronal and non ...
... exocytosis machinery. In Drosophila, for example, syntaxin mutants completely lack both evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission and also fail to secrete epidermal cuticle, indicating that Drosophila Syntaxin (by convention, Drosophila proteins are capitalized) is essential for both neuronal and non ...
... Neuropathological features where assessed and compared to NTs/NTRs immunolabelling. Furthermore, in this experiment, a wild type mouse line (Balb-C) was included as a control for a thorough -normal- mouse brain mapping of the NTR NTs/NTRs immunolabelling. An increased expression of p75 , particularl ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... a) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons Correct. This answer defines two roles of glial cells. b) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place Incorrect. Glial cells provide structure and insulation to neurons. c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain de ...
... a) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons Correct. This answer defines two roles of glial cells. b) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place Incorrect. Glial cells provide structure and insulation to neurons. c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain de ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... striatum on DA neurons. Thus, the striatum appears to play a role in self-neuronal protection when neurodegeneration of midbrain DA neurons occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity of the DA-denervated striatum are far from being elucidated. Cystatin C, a cysteine p ...
... striatum on DA neurons. Thus, the striatum appears to play a role in self-neuronal protection when neurodegeneration of midbrain DA neurons occurs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural plasticity of the DA-denervated striatum are far from being elucidated. Cystatin C, a cysteine p ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... a) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons Correct. This answer defines two roles of glial cells. b) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place Incorrect. Glial cells provide structure and insulation to neurons. c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain de ...
... a) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons Correct. This answer defines two roles of glial cells. b) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place Incorrect. Glial cells provide structure and insulation to neurons. c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain de ...