cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the cat1
... After the central injections (Fig. l), only one-third of the positive cells appeared to be labeled strongly. The largest number of labeled cells was situated in the contralateral lateral nucleus, mostly ventrally, although we found some dorsally in the caudal part. Only in two animals was a neuron f ...
... After the central injections (Fig. l), only one-third of the positive cells appeared to be labeled strongly. The largest number of labeled cells was situated in the contralateral lateral nucleus, mostly ventrally, although we found some dorsally in the caudal part. Only in two animals was a neuron f ...
Reward and Aversion
... (DA) was once considered almost synonymous with reward, but investigation of exactly which of the above components DA signals has just started. Furthermore, the field has begun to appreciate the huge degree of heterogeneity in the reward system in terms of functionality, cell composition, transmitte ...
... (DA) was once considered almost synonymous with reward, but investigation of exactly which of the above components DA signals has just started. Furthermore, the field has begun to appreciate the huge degree of heterogeneity in the reward system in terms of functionality, cell composition, transmitte ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... to be in close proximity to kisspeptin neurons [10,11] and pheromones have been shown to activate kisspeptin neurons in mice [12]. The product of the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin, is one neuropeptide that may provide a link between the olfactory system and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential f ...
... to be in close proximity to kisspeptin neurons [10,11] and pheromones have been shown to activate kisspeptin neurons in mice [12]. The product of the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin, is one neuropeptide that may provide a link between the olfactory system and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential f ...
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... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... 2010; Threlfell et al., 2012) evidence suggests that a major source of this synaptic excitation are the projections from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN). Indeed, thalamic input appears necessary for the pause response of TANs in nonhuman primates (Matsumoto et al., 2001). In vivo, electrical ...
... 2010; Threlfell et al., 2012) evidence suggests that a major source of this synaptic excitation are the projections from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN). Indeed, thalamic input appears necessary for the pause response of TANs in nonhuman primates (Matsumoto et al., 2001). In vivo, electrical ...
Neuromorphic computing
... The activity of a neuron (its “output”) is the action potential (or spike), generated by voltage-gated ionic channels. 1. An external electric stimulus reach the membrane, depolarizing it. 2. Depolarization of the membrane opens Na+ channels ...
... The activity of a neuron (its “output”) is the action potential (or spike), generated by voltage-gated ionic channels. 1. An external electric stimulus reach the membrane, depolarizing it. 2. Depolarization of the membrane opens Na+ channels ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
... reports of LRRK2 function implied a role in neurite growth for this large multidomain protein (Macleod et al. 2006). In Drosophila, overexpression of the pathogenic LRRK2 (G2019S) mutant results in mislocalization of tau protein in dendrites and causes dendrite degeneration. The mechanism is suggest ...
... reports of LRRK2 function implied a role in neurite growth for this large multidomain protein (Macleod et al. 2006). In Drosophila, overexpression of the pathogenic LRRK2 (G2019S) mutant results in mislocalization of tau protein in dendrites and causes dendrite degeneration. The mechanism is suggest ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... regulation of blood pressure occurs within seconds to minutes, and is mediated predominantly by the baroreceptor and Starling reflexes. While these shortterm mechanisms reliably correct acute perturbations in blood pressure (as occur during postural changes)), they do not play a significant role in ...
... regulation of blood pressure occurs within seconds to minutes, and is mediated predominantly by the baroreceptor and Starling reflexes. While these shortterm mechanisms reliably correct acute perturbations in blood pressure (as occur during postural changes)), they do not play a significant role in ...
olfaction
... person who has previously eaten food that disagreed with him or her is often nauseated by the smell of that same food on a second occasion ...
... person who has previously eaten food that disagreed with him or her is often nauseated by the smell of that same food on a second occasion ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previously reported, these levels increase dramatically during the second week of neuronal maturation (Fig. 1D, 1E), reflecting sy ...
... begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previously reported, these levels increase dramatically during the second week of neuronal maturation (Fig. 1D, 1E), reflecting sy ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglia cells in the medical dictionary neuroglia cells explanation free what is neuroglia cells, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells t ...
... neuroglia cells in the medical dictionary neuroglia cells explanation free what is neuroglia cells, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells t ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... Understanding the brain is a recent fascination in modern computing. We have come to realise that the brain is the most advanced computational tool that we know of, to be able to replicate neuronal processes could vastly improve current computational techniques. However, the more we understand the m ...
... Understanding the brain is a recent fascination in modern computing. We have come to realise that the brain is the most advanced computational tool that we know of, to be able to replicate neuronal processes could vastly improve current computational techniques. However, the more we understand the m ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... colliculus (IC), which is a major relay en route to the medial geniculate body (MGB; Malmierca et al., 2002; Malmierca and Merchán, 2004). Afferent projections to the IC are both excitatory and inhibitory (Oliver, 1984a, 1987; Shneiderman and Henkel, 1987; Saint Marie et al., 1989; Saint Marie and B ...
... colliculus (IC), which is a major relay en route to the medial geniculate body (MGB; Malmierca et al., 2002; Malmierca and Merchán, 2004). Afferent projections to the IC are both excitatory and inhibitory (Oliver, 1984a, 1987; Shneiderman and Henkel, 1987; Saint Marie et al., 1989; Saint Marie and B ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... signal transduction, seizures, and synaptic transmission and plasticity. Consistent with these predictions, we found that, soon after recombination, Dicer-deficient mice exhibited an exaggerated seizure response, enhanced induction of immediate early genes in response to novelty and kainate administ ...
... signal transduction, seizures, and synaptic transmission and plasticity. Consistent with these predictions, we found that, soon after recombination, Dicer-deficient mice exhibited an exaggerated seizure response, enhanced induction of immediate early genes in response to novelty and kainate administ ...
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in
... In their studies on the rat DRN, Dahlström and Fuxe used formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), which had been developed by Falck et al. (1962) for visualization of monoamines. The FIF-technique soon became the most popular tool for visualizing serotonergic neurons in the DRN and elsewhere. A majo ...
... In their studies on the rat DRN, Dahlström and Fuxe used formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), which had been developed by Falck et al. (1962) for visualization of monoamines. The FIF-technique soon became the most popular tool for visualizing serotonergic neurons in the DRN and elsewhere. A majo ...
chapter_9_powerpoint_le - AandP2010-2011
... Nerve impulses travel from neuron to neuron along complex nerve pathways. The junction between two communicating neurons is called a synapse; there exists a synaptic cleft between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. ...
... Nerve impulses travel from neuron to neuron along complex nerve pathways. The junction between two communicating neurons is called a synapse; there exists a synaptic cleft between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... modulates excitatory neurotransmission through PI3-kinase activated KATP channels; and (3) resveratrol did not alter membrane potential and input resistance, implying presynaptic mechanism of action. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome results in a need to identify ...
... modulates excitatory neurotransmission through PI3-kinase activated KATP channels; and (3) resveratrol did not alter membrane potential and input resistance, implying presynaptic mechanism of action. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome results in a need to identify ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... Short-survival, sequential, and long-survival thymidine radiograms of rat embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to determine the time of origin, site of origin, migratory route, and settling pattern of neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV) ...
... Short-survival, sequential, and long-survival thymidine radiograms of rat embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to determine the time of origin, site of origin, migratory route, and settling pattern of neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV) ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... through one frog heart to drip onto a second one and establishing that when the first heart was slowed by stimulating its vagus the fluid from it also slowed the second heart when that was reached. Loewi did not identify the chemical, which he called vagustoff, but it was later shown to be acetylcho ...
... through one frog heart to drip onto a second one and establishing that when the first heart was slowed by stimulating its vagus the fluid from it also slowed the second heart when that was reached. Loewi did not identify the chemical, which he called vagustoff, but it was later shown to be acetylcho ...
Why Are Olfactory Systems of Different Animals So Similar?
... must pass through the fluid overlying the olfactory receptor neurons, above the sensory epithelium or within the sensillum or amphid organ. In some insects and mammals, this fluid has been found to contain specialized molecules that bind odorants, and which are called odorant binding proteins (OBPs) ...
... must pass through the fluid overlying the olfactory receptor neurons, above the sensory epithelium or within the sensillum or amphid organ. In some insects and mammals, this fluid has been found to contain specialized molecules that bind odorants, and which are called odorant binding proteins (OBPs) ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... Box 1: Organization of the Mature Corticospinal System The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and ...
... Box 1: Organization of the Mature Corticospinal System The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... in mind that each trunk receives fibres from both cervical vagus nerves.5 The number of posterior and anterior trunks passing through the diaphragmatic opening is variable, up to two in the former and three in the latter.5 The anterior trunk distributes gastric branches to the anterior aspect of the ...
... in mind that each trunk receives fibres from both cervical vagus nerves.5 The number of posterior and anterior trunks passing through the diaphragmatic opening is variable, up to two in the former and three in the latter.5 The anterior trunk distributes gastric branches to the anterior aspect of the ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... The presence of refractory wake impairments in many individuals with severe sleep apnea led us to hypothesize that the hypoxia/ reoxygenation events in sleep apnea permanently damage wake-active neurons. We now confirm that long-term exposure to hypoxia/ reoxygenation in adult mice results in irreve ...
... The presence of refractory wake impairments in many individuals with severe sleep apnea led us to hypothesize that the hypoxia/ reoxygenation events in sleep apnea permanently damage wake-active neurons. We now confirm that long-term exposure to hypoxia/ reoxygenation in adult mice results in irreve ...
hypothalamus, pit..
... impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses that are necessary for basic life functions, such as thermoregulation, control of electrolyte and fluid balance, feeding and metabolism, ...
... impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses that are necessary for basic life functions, such as thermoregulation, control of electrolyte and fluid balance, feeding and metabolism, ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... association with astrocytes structurally and functionally [7-8], and their interactions are an important factor determining AVP neuronal activity. In response to changes in blood volume, osmolality or pressure, the firing rate and pattern of AVP neurons also change correspondingly to determine the a ...
... association with astrocytes structurally and functionally [7-8], and their interactions are an important factor determining AVP neuronal activity. In response to changes in blood volume, osmolality or pressure, the firing rate and pattern of AVP neurons also change correspondingly to determine the a ...