Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... containing membrane-impermeant substances lead to water efflux from the cell cytoplasm thereby dehydrating the cell and decreasing its volume ...
... containing membrane-impermeant substances lead to water efflux from the cell cytoplasm thereby dehydrating the cell and decreasing its volume ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... Neurons processing multiple signals must possess flexibility in their signalling mechanism so that they can produce an integrated response. In principle, the signalling potential of a neuron containing several transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerCol ...
... Neurons processing multiple signals must possess flexibility in their signalling mechanism so that they can produce an integrated response. In principle, the signalling potential of a neuron containing several transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerCol ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... ANS: c, p. 45, C, LO=2.1, (1) 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to ...
... ANS: c, p. 45, C, LO=2.1, (1) 31. During the action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... of all neurons that might be expected with either procedure. Based on previous examination of singly stained neighboring sections, five CNS areas were examined in detail in DFP-treated rats using the simultaneous procedure for localizing both ChAT and AChE in the same neurons in the same sections. S ...
... of all neurons that might be expected with either procedure. Based on previous examination of singly stained neighboring sections, five CNS areas were examined in detail in DFP-treated rats using the simultaneous procedure for localizing both ChAT and AChE in the same neurons in the same sections. S ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 8. Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their: a. temperature. b. shape. c. osmotic pressure. d. mitochondria. ANS: B and Glia ...
... 8. Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their: a. temperature. b. shape. c. osmotic pressure. d. mitochondria. ANS: B and Glia ...
18
... By Mojtaba Solgi How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, ...
... By Mojtaba Solgi How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscillations tend to synchronize all neurons in the circuit. ...
... 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscillations tend to synchronize all neurons in the circuit. ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... the motor cortex part of the brain concerned with motor function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neu ...
... the motor cortex part of the brain concerned with motor function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neu ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... distinct from most actin-based subcellular structures such as microvilli or synapses. In the nervous system, there is no evidence that neuronal cilia process any synaptic structure. Apparently, the structural features of neuronal cilia do not allow them to harbor any synaptic connections. Neverthele ...
... distinct from most actin-based subcellular structures such as microvilli or synapses. In the nervous system, there is no evidence that neuronal cilia process any synaptic structure. Apparently, the structural features of neuronal cilia do not allow them to harbor any synaptic connections. Neverthele ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992). Accordingly, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving ...
... projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992). Accordingly, extracellular electrophysiological recordings in freely moving ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... with its specific motor goal (the goal of ‘‘grasping,’’ e.g., is that of taking possession of an object). The coding of different types of motor acts relies on specific parietofrontal circuits such as, for example, the PG/VIP-F4 circuit for reaching and the AIP-F5 circuit for grasping (Rizzolatti et a ...
... with its specific motor goal (the goal of ‘‘grasping,’’ e.g., is that of taking possession of an object). The coding of different types of motor acts relies on specific parietofrontal circuits such as, for example, the PG/VIP-F4 circuit for reaching and the AIP-F5 circuit for grasping (Rizzolatti et a ...
Age-Related Uptake of Heavy Metals in Human Spinal Interneurons
... the disease become clinically apparent and could no longer be detectable at the time of post mortem examination. Furthermore, after death from ALS/MND a severe loss of motoneurons is usually present, and the remaining motoneurons may have survived because they did not contain the toxicant. Finally, ...
... the disease become clinically apparent and could no longer be detectable at the time of post mortem examination. Furthermore, after death from ALS/MND a severe loss of motoneurons is usually present, and the remaining motoneurons may have survived because they did not contain the toxicant. Finally, ...
Hes1 and Hes3 regulate maintenance of the isthmic organizer and
... expression is restricted to the midbrain±hindbrain boundary region. The isthmic organizer is indicated by arrowheads. (B) In situ hybridization of Hes1. At E9.5, Hes1 is also expressed in the midbrain±hindbrain boundary region (arrowhead). (C±G) In situ hybridization (C±E) and immunohistochemistry ( ...
... expression is restricted to the midbrain±hindbrain boundary region. The isthmic organizer is indicated by arrowheads. (B) In situ hybridization of Hes1. At E9.5, Hes1 is also expressed in the midbrain±hindbrain boundary region (arrowhead). (C±G) In situ hybridization (C±E) and immunohistochemistry ( ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
... function in seconds and show signs of structural damage after only 2 minutes2. As energy-dependent processes fail, neurons are unable to maintain their normal transmembrane ionic gradients, resulting in an ion and water imbalance that leads to apoptotic and necrotic cell death cascades1,3 and, ultim ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglial cells flashcards quizlet - start studying neuroglial cells learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools, neuroglia define neuroglia at dictionary com - neuroglia definition a class of cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure for th ...
... neuroglial cells flashcards quizlet - start studying neuroglial cells learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools, neuroglia define neuroglia at dictionary com - neuroglia definition a class of cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure for th ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... subcerebral projection neurons in this layer (Arlotta et al., 2005) (Figures 1G, 1H, and 1J–J00 ). Each subtype of CFu neurons, therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high le ...
... subcerebral projection neurons in this layer (Arlotta et al., 2005) (Figures 1G, 1H, and 1J–J00 ). Each subtype of CFu neurons, therefore, has a characteristic combinatorial expression of the transcription factors SOX5, CTIP2, and TBR1: (1) SP neurons express an intermediate level of SOX5, a high le ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... receptor (same colour) converge at the same glomerulus. There they form synaptic contacts with projection neurons and excitatory and inihibitory local neurons. Projection neurons send axons either directly to the lateral horn neuropil or terminate in the lateral horn after first projecting to the ca ...
... receptor (same colour) converge at the same glomerulus. There they form synaptic contacts with projection neurons and excitatory and inihibitory local neurons. Projection neurons send axons either directly to the lateral horn neuropil or terminate in the lateral horn after first projecting to the ca ...
Thomas C. Südhof - Nobel Lecture Slides
... botulinum toxins (C. Montecucco + R. Jahn laboratories; 1992/1993) 2. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin form a complex, known as SNARE complex (J. Rothman laboratory; 1993) 3. Munc18 binds to SNAREs and is homologous to Unc18 and Sec1p, proteins known to be essential for C. elegans movements and ...
... botulinum toxins (C. Montecucco + R. Jahn laboratories; 1992/1993) 2. Synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin form a complex, known as SNARE complex (J. Rothman laboratory; 1993) 3. Munc18 binds to SNAREs and is homologous to Unc18 and Sec1p, proteins known to be essential for C. elegans movements and ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... in mice, the biological roles for the BH3-only family member HRK (also known as DP5) in apoptosis regulation. Hrk gene expression was found to be restricted to cells and tissues of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Sensory neurons from mice lacking Hrk were less sensitive to apoptosis indu ...
... in mice, the biological roles for the BH3-only family member HRK (also known as DP5) in apoptosis regulation. Hrk gene expression was found to be restricted to cells and tissues of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Sensory neurons from mice lacking Hrk were less sensitive to apoptosis indu ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... Abstract. Several types of respiratory reflex actions can be discerned according to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons ...
... Abstract. Several types of respiratory reflex actions can be discerned according to the reactions of typical respiratory neurons in the efferent part of the central rhythmogenic structure. Whereas respiration runs closely parallel with inspiratory neuron activity the behaviour of expiratory neurons ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... The nervous system learns to correct for such external perturbations in two ways. First, it monitors sensory signals and uses this information to act directly on the limb itself. This moment-to-moment control is called feedback. Second, the nervous system uses the same or different senses—for exampl ...
... The nervous system learns to correct for such external perturbations in two ways. First, it monitors sensory signals and uses this information to act directly on the limb itself. This moment-to-moment control is called feedback. Second, the nervous system uses the same or different senses—for exampl ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... In addition to role-playing and being able to collect data to interpret, this virtual lab, allows students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have ...
... In addition to role-playing and being able to collect data to interpret, this virtual lab, allows students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have ...