Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... neural population patterns in a circuit represents a new challenge. Moreover, cognition involves a large network of brain structures; therefore, it is critical to elucidate neuronal interactions between different brain regions, increasingly with the help of multielectrode recordings and imaging tech ...
... neural population patterns in a circuit represents a new challenge. Moreover, cognition involves a large network of brain structures; therefore, it is critical to elucidate neuronal interactions between different brain regions, increasingly with the help of multielectrode recordings and imaging tech ...
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata
... because they can occur in the apparent absence of any immediate external stimulation. However, the expression ' spontaneous' has become associated with a number of different causal mechanisms: thus there may be ' internal causation' as in a pacemaker mechanism, 'unspecific causation' where there is ...
... because they can occur in the apparent absence of any immediate external stimulation. However, the expression ' spontaneous' has become associated with a number of different causal mechanisms: thus there may be ' internal causation' as in a pacemaker mechanism, 'unspecific causation' where there is ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... spectrum is familial PD caused by mutations in one of twelve known loci that together constitute 10% of PD cases [5]. At the extreme environmental-exposure end are a few cases of PD associated with the potent neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [6]. However, it is likely t ...
... spectrum is familial PD caused by mutations in one of twelve known loci that together constitute 10% of PD cases [5]. At the extreme environmental-exposure end are a few cases of PD associated with the potent neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [6]. However, it is likely t ...
Chapter 9
... If a nerve fiber responds at all to a stimulus, it responds completely by conducting an impulse (all-ornone response). ...
... If a nerve fiber responds at all to a stimulus, it responds completely by conducting an impulse (all-ornone response). ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... A large number of extracellular diffusible and membrane-bound molecules, as well as extracellular matrix proteins, play a central role in the guidance and development of neural connections (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999). In some cases, such as Netrin-1, the same signal participates in both neur ...
... A large number of extracellular diffusible and membrane-bound molecules, as well as extracellular matrix proteins, play a central role in the guidance and development of neural connections (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999). In some cases, such as Netrin-1, the same signal participates in both neur ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... anatomical data as follows: superficial pyramidal cells receive input from subcortical areas, as well as from other intra- and interareal excitatory sources. Horizontal inhibitory cells ensure that the local input is decoded consistently with the interpretation of other intra- and inter-areal networ ...
... anatomical data as follows: superficial pyramidal cells receive input from subcortical areas, as well as from other intra- and interareal excitatory sources. Horizontal inhibitory cells ensure that the local input is decoded consistently with the interpretation of other intra- and inter-areal networ ...
Chapter 9- Nervous System Lecture 9.1
... The process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron is called synaptic transmission. ...
... The process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron is called synaptic transmission. ...
The Morphology of Physiologically Identified GABAergic Neurons in
... stimulus was a low frequency (less than 2 Hz) tapping of low to medium intensity applied to a body part. Elsewhere we have referred to this type of unit as a T2 unit (Yen et al., 1985). One unit responded to light air puffs that moved hairs and responded transiently to steady light pressure (a hair ...
... stimulus was a low frequency (less than 2 Hz) tapping of low to medium intensity applied to a body part. Elsewhere we have referred to this type of unit as a T2 unit (Yen et al., 1985). One unit responded to light air puffs that moved hairs and responded transiently to steady light pressure (a hair ...
Structure and Central Connections Of PERIPHERAL OLFACTORY
... structures. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA: Detailed description of structure correlated with function of histological components is given below, however it must be emphasized that the neuroepithelium is a functional unit. ...
... structures. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA: Detailed description of structure correlated with function of histological components is given below, however it must be emphasized that the neuroepithelium is a functional unit. ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... cytomegalovirus (CMV) or rous sarcoma virus promoter, because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the cen ...
... cytomegalovirus (CMV) or rous sarcoma virus promoter, because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the cen ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... LFP = Local Field Potential EEG = ElectroEncephaloGram fMRI= functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ...
... LFP = Local Field Potential EEG = ElectroEncephaloGram fMRI= functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ...
Mapping the Brain
... not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing projection neurons and local neurons)14. In each group, neurons were subdivided into unique types with similar morphologies and connections, collapsing the wiring diagram from 302 neurons to 119 neuronal types. The flow of information through chemical syn ...
... not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing projection neurons and local neurons)14. In each group, neurons were subdivided into unique types with similar morphologies and connections, collapsing the wiring diagram from 302 neurons to 119 neuronal types. The flow of information through chemical syn ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... ⬃2 h before being head fixed while awake and free to move on a spherical uniaxial polystyrene treadmill. The silicon microprobes were slowly lowered to stereotaxically defined coordinates targeting the orbitofrontal cortex (2.2–2.3 mm anterior to bregma). The microprobes contained a total of 256 ele ...
... ⬃2 h before being head fixed while awake and free to move on a spherical uniaxial polystyrene treadmill. The silicon microprobes were slowly lowered to stereotaxically defined coordinates targeting the orbitofrontal cortex (2.2–2.3 mm anterior to bregma). The microprobes contained a total of 256 ele ...
AXOTOMIZED SPINAL COMMISSURAL INTERNEURONS OF THE ADULT FELINE:
... interneurons are capable of spontaneous functional regeneration through an injured spinal cord. PCI growth cones are complex and unlike growth cones previously described in the literature. The final study of the thesis examines the morphologies of PCI growth cones within spinal cord injury sites. W ...
... interneurons are capable of spontaneous functional regeneration through an injured spinal cord. PCI growth cones are complex and unlike growth cones previously described in the literature. The final study of the thesis examines the morphologies of PCI growth cones within spinal cord injury sites. W ...
Distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic factors underlying firing rate
... within the mammalian central nervous system, the site at which synaptic signals are ultimately transformed into overt motor behaviors. MNs receive a complex array of synaptic inputs and have long been thought to generate action potentials at firing rates proportional to the net excitatory synaptic d ...
... within the mammalian central nervous system, the site at which synaptic signals are ultimately transformed into overt motor behaviors. MNs receive a complex array of synaptic inputs and have long been thought to generate action potentials at firing rates proportional to the net excitatory synaptic d ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
Research in Mammalian Mastication1
... heterogeneity (Burke et al., 1973; Maxwell et al, 1973; Kugelberg, 1976; Maxwell et al, 1979; Clark and Luschei, 1981). These studies indicate that within individual jaw and limb muscles there is considerable heterogeneity of fiber types and distribution patterns; these fiber types and distribution ...
... heterogeneity (Burke et al., 1973; Maxwell et al, 1973; Kugelberg, 1976; Maxwell et al, 1979; Clark and Luschei, 1981). These studies indicate that within individual jaw and limb muscles there is considerable heterogeneity of fiber types and distribution patterns; these fiber types and distribution ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... were present, which only occurred in the GnRH2 cell group for a few individuals. To ensure that cell sizes were quantified equally across individuals, cell profile areas were only measured for cells with a visible nucleus and at least one neurite present. Quantification of GnRH-immunoreactive axons wit ...
... were present, which only occurred in the GnRH2 cell group for a few individuals. To ensure that cell sizes were quantified equally across individuals, cell profile areas were only measured for cells with a visible nucleus and at least one neurite present. Quantification of GnRH-immunoreactive axons wit ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... neurons, even if they have different orientation preferences. Moreover, these strongly inhibited neurons can exhibit sharp orientation selectivity provided that the inhibition they receive is broadly tuned relative to their excitatory inputs. These results predict that the strength and orientation t ...
... neurons, even if they have different orientation preferences. Moreover, these strongly inhibited neurons can exhibit sharp orientation selectivity provided that the inhibition they receive is broadly tuned relative to their excitatory inputs. These results predict that the strength and orientation t ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... memory. Electrophysiological studies in rodent hippocampal slices show that GAL restricts LTP at both perforant path-dentate gyrus and Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses [9, 11, 13, 30]. GAL may impact glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus by reducing evoked glutamate release [11, 83 – 85]. How ...
... memory. Electrophysiological studies in rodent hippocampal slices show that GAL restricts LTP at both perforant path-dentate gyrus and Schaffer collateralCA1 synapses [9, 11, 13, 30]. GAL may impact glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus by reducing evoked glutamate release [11, 83 – 85]. How ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... (,15 ms) indicates that they may, like CEm neurons22,23, receive direct input from sensory thalamus24. Cross-correlating spontaneously occurring spikes of simultaneously recorded CElon and CEloff neurons revealed substantial, yet asymmetrical, short-latency inhibitory interactions between the two cl ...
... (,15 ms) indicates that they may, like CEm neurons22,23, receive direct input from sensory thalamus24. Cross-correlating spontaneously occurring spikes of simultaneously recorded CElon and CEloff neurons revealed substantial, yet asymmetrical, short-latency inhibitory interactions between the two cl ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... The brain is a highly complex organ that is divided into different functional regions. Each region has a specific compliment of neurons that are connected together into local circuits to generate characteristic output signals that are then sent either to other regions or to the periphery as is the c ...
... The brain is a highly complex organ that is divided into different functional regions. Each region has a specific compliment of neurons that are connected together into local circuits to generate characteristic output signals that are then sent either to other regions or to the periphery as is the c ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... labeled cells ventrolateral to the SNc). Scale bar = 1 mm. Firing of an SNc (D) and a VTA (E) neuron, observed during simultaneous extracellular recording from both neurons. (D1), ( E1) Action potential waveforms. Spike duration measured as shown. (D2), (E2) Time interval histograms (300 consecutive ...
... labeled cells ventrolateral to the SNc). Scale bar = 1 mm. Firing of an SNc (D) and a VTA (E) neuron, observed during simultaneous extracellular recording from both neurons. (D1), ( E1) Action potential waveforms. Spike duration measured as shown. (D2), (E2) Time interval histograms (300 consecutive ...