Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonis ...
... understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonis ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... were also represented as a cumulative distribution. For the growth cones that did not turn, we determined the growth cone area on either side of the central axis. Studies with the T926A kinesin-5-EGFP mutant. Studies were conducted to compare features of axons and growth cones of neurons expressing ...
... were also represented as a cumulative distribution. For the growth cones that did not turn, we determined the growth cone area on either side of the central axis. Studies with the T926A kinesin-5-EGFP mutant. Studies were conducted to compare features of axons and growth cones of neurons expressing ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of the anatomical organization of the C. apella facial muscles, these muscles were delimited with a dermatographic pencil, indicating the injection sites. Multiple tracer injections of 2 µL were made in each muscle with a Hamilton syringe. This minimally invasive procedure, standardized by Hinrichse ...
... of the anatomical organization of the C. apella facial muscles, these muscles were delimited with a dermatographic pencil, indicating the injection sites. Multiple tracer injections of 2 µL were made in each muscle with a Hamilton syringe. This minimally invasive procedure, standardized by Hinrichse ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... 15.062.8% of TH-IR perikarya in humans and 3.260.3% in rats received orexin B-IR afferent contacts. On average, 0.2460.05 and 0.0560.005 orexinergic appositions per TH-IR perikaryon were detected in humans and rats, respectively. The majority (86–88%) of randomly encountered orexinergic contacts tar ...
... 15.062.8% of TH-IR perikarya in humans and 3.260.3% in rats received orexin B-IR afferent contacts. On average, 0.2460.05 and 0.0560.005 orexinergic appositions per TH-IR perikaryon were detected in humans and rats, respectively. The majority (86–88%) of randomly encountered orexinergic contacts tar ...
Structure-Function Relationships in Rat Brainstem Subnucleus
... and PO whiskers in neonatally deafferented SpVi. To determine which cytochrome patches correspond to these whiskers, 10 primary afferent axons responsive to deflection of either an SO or PO whisker were impaled in the V spinal tract at the level of SpVi and filled with horseradish peroxidase, using ...
... and PO whiskers in neonatally deafferented SpVi. To determine which cytochrome patches correspond to these whiskers, 10 primary afferent axons responsive to deflection of either an SO or PO whisker were impaled in the V spinal tract at the level of SpVi and filled with horseradish peroxidase, using ...
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... analogous to auxiliary subunits in that in themselves they cannot form functional channels, but in heterologous expression systems can coassemble with and functionally modify channels formed from bona fide Kv ␣ subunits (234). The contribution of these subunits to native mammalian brain Kv channels ...
... analogous to auxiliary subunits in that in themselves they cannot form functional channels, but in heterologous expression systems can coassemble with and functionally modify channels formed from bona fide Kv ␣ subunits (234). The contribution of these subunits to native mammalian brain Kv channels ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were made from 29 nociceptive neurons in the C2 dorsal horn of the rat that received convergent synaptic input from trigem ...
... investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were made from 29 nociceptive neurons in the C2 dorsal horn of the rat that received convergent synaptic input from trigem ...
Calcium Regulation of Dendritic Growth via CaM Kinase IV and
... Note that all four panels show the same group of cells. (L–O) Nifedipine reduces the intracellular Ca2⫹ increase induced by KCl. Raw fluorescence images of Fura fluorescence in NSS ⫹ 20 M Nifedipine before stimulation (L) and after stimulation with 50 mM KCl (N). (M) and (O) show colorimetric repre ...
... Note that all four panels show the same group of cells. (L–O) Nifedipine reduces the intracellular Ca2⫹ increase induced by KCl. Raw fluorescence images of Fura fluorescence in NSS ⫹ 20 M Nifedipine before stimulation (L) and after stimulation with 50 mM KCl (N). (M) and (O) show colorimetric repre ...
Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... roughly uniform density of potassium channels across the so- ...
... roughly uniform density of potassium channels across the so- ...
Topical Review
... optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequiv ...
... optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequiv ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... or present unpredictable conditions. Locomotor movements must therefore be continually modified, usually in a subtle fashion, to adapt otherwise stereotyped movement patterns to the immediate surroundings. The study of the neural control of locomotion must address two fundamental questions. First, ...
... or present unpredictable conditions. Locomotor movements must therefore be continually modified, usually in a subtle fashion, to adapt otherwise stereotyped movement patterns to the immediate surroundings. The study of the neural control of locomotion must address two fundamental questions. First, ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... effects suggest that our Disc1 mutations may not have strong effects on the timing Figure 3. Reduced BrdU incorporation and mispositioning of cortical neurons in Disc1 mutant mice. A, BrdU was injected into of neuronal differentiation. To observe the numbers and eventual E12, E15, and E18 pregnant f ...
... effects suggest that our Disc1 mutations may not have strong effects on the timing Figure 3. Reduced BrdU incorporation and mispositioning of cortical neurons in Disc1 mutant mice. A, BrdU was injected into of neuronal differentiation. To observe the numbers and eventual E12, E15, and E18 pregnant f ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... as input u(s) into a randomly connected network of integrate-and-fire neurons, and it was shown that readouts from the network can be trained to transform such temporal information into a spatial code (place code). We as human observers may not be able to understand the ‘‘code’’ by which this informa ...
... as input u(s) into a randomly connected network of integrate-and-fire neurons, and it was shown that readouts from the network can be trained to transform such temporal information into a spatial code (place code). We as human observers may not be able to understand the ‘‘code’’ by which this informa ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1999). As smoking enhances cognitive arousal, it is possible that one site of nicotine action is on the hypocretin cell. Nicotine has been suggested to modulate hypocretin neurons or neurons innervated by hypocretin axons (Hollander et al. 2008; Plaza-Zabala et al. 2010), but little electrophysiolog ...
... 1999). As smoking enhances cognitive arousal, it is possible that one site of nicotine action is on the hypocretin cell. Nicotine has been suggested to modulate hypocretin neurons or neurons innervated by hypocretin axons (Hollander et al. 2008; Plaza-Zabala et al. 2010), but little electrophysiolog ...
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells form functionally
... Although the molecular, anatomical and functional diversity of cortical interneurons is well documented1–3, principal cells are typically grouped together on the basis of their cortical layer and/or subregion assignments. However, several recent observations have suggested that there are distinct s ...
... Although the molecular, anatomical and functional diversity of cortical interneurons is well documented1–3, principal cells are typically grouped together on the basis of their cortical layer and/or subregion assignments. However, several recent observations have suggested that there are distinct s ...
Central Neuropeptide Y Signaling Ameliorates N
... pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y functions as a central neurotransmitter to lower blood pressure, therefore its increased signaling ...
... pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y functions as a central neurotransmitter to lower blood pressure, therefore its increased signaling ...
Complete nervous system 11
... Nerve impulses travel from neuron to neuron along complex nerve pathways. The junction between two communicating neurons is called a synapse; there exists a synaptic cleft between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. ...
... Nerve impulses travel from neuron to neuron along complex nerve pathways. The junction between two communicating neurons is called a synapse; there exists a synaptic cleft between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... and hippocampus have a membrane density of 800–1300 GAT1 molecules per square micrometer, and the axons that connect boutons have a linear density of 640 GAT1 molecules per micrometer. A cerebellar basket cell bouton, a pinceau surrounding a Purkinje cell axon, and a cortical chandelier cell cartrid ...
... and hippocampus have a membrane density of 800–1300 GAT1 molecules per square micrometer, and the axons that connect boutons have a linear density of 640 GAT1 molecules per micrometer. A cerebellar basket cell bouton, a pinceau surrounding a Purkinje cell axon, and a cortical chandelier cell cartrid ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... Abstract. We review the crucial role of the two neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and GABA in eliciting GnRH pulses. NE acts via an al-receptor mechanism and also GABA acts at the a-subtype of the GABA receptor. The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and ...
... Abstract. We review the crucial role of the two neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and GABA in eliciting GnRH pulses. NE acts via an al-receptor mechanism and also GABA acts at the a-subtype of the GABA receptor. The function of NE appears to be induction of phasic activation of GnRH neurons and ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... those indices derived during each intervention, average activity representing the same population recorded throughout all interventions. The grouped data so derived are expressed as means ⫾ SD. SigmaStat ...
... those indices derived during each intervention, average activity representing the same population recorded throughout all interventions. The grouped data so derived are expressed as means ⫾ SD. SigmaStat ...
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF): Neurotrophic Functions and
... nonsyndromic hearing loss, at the autosomal-recessive NSHI locus DFNB39 [42]. Two of the mutations occurred in a region contained in the 3’ UTR of an alternate splice form of HGF that had not been previously discovered. The third mutation, a third-position nucleotide change predicted to make a synon ...
... nonsyndromic hearing loss, at the autosomal-recessive NSHI locus DFNB39 [42]. Two of the mutations occurred in a region contained in the 3’ UTR of an alternate splice form of HGF that had not been previously discovered. The third mutation, a third-position nucleotide change predicted to make a synon ...
Morphometric analysis of neural tissue following the
... of the cat brelimb. Morphological assessment was made by comparing a given cat's implanted limb with its own contralateral unoperated control limb. This thesis addressed many of the weaknesses found in previous studies in the literature. It was unique in trying to correlate morphometric v,ariables w ...
... of the cat brelimb. Morphological assessment was made by comparing a given cat's implanted limb with its own contralateral unoperated control limb. This thesis addressed many of the weaknesses found in previous studies in the literature. It was unique in trying to correlate morphometric v,ariables w ...