Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
... difficulty in the entorhinal cortex is the lack of objective and reliable criteria for cell classification and unit separation methods, as well as the more complex cortical connectivity compared to the “simple” hippocampal regions. These methodological difficulties need to be worked out before any m ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... were added to the bath (Petreanu et al., 2009). 4-AP blocks K ⫹ channels that are critical for repolarizing the axon. Under these conditions, short laser pulses (1–2 ms) depolarized ChR2-expressing axons in the vicinity of the laser beam and triggered the local release of glutamate. NMDA receptors w ...
... were added to the bath (Petreanu et al., 2009). 4-AP blocks K ⫹ channels that are critical for repolarizing the axon. Under these conditions, short laser pulses (1–2 ms) depolarized ChR2-expressing axons in the vicinity of the laser beam and triggered the local release of glutamate. NMDA receptors w ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... lated with the cytoarchitectural characteristics as defined by cresyl violet staining and nNOS staining. From a coronal perspective, Sol is broadly divided into a smaller lateral and a larger medial subdivision based on their position in relation to the SolT. The lateral subdivision is further subdi ...
... lated with the cytoarchitectural characteristics as defined by cresyl violet staining and nNOS staining. From a coronal perspective, Sol is broadly divided into a smaller lateral and a larger medial subdivision based on their position in relation to the SolT. The lateral subdivision is further subdi ...
Subunit Composition of N-Methyl-D
... SDS-polyacrylamide gels by loading equal volumes of all samples per ...
... SDS-polyacrylamide gels by loading equal volumes of all samples per ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Important for the Manifestations ofα
... abnormal UPR that could promote cell death. Induction of ERS/UPR was associated with increased levels of ER/microsomal (ER/M) associated ␣S monomers and aggregates. Significantly, human PD cases also exhibit higher relative levels of ER/M ␣S than the control cases. Moreover, ␣S interacts with ER cha ...
... abnormal UPR that could promote cell death. Induction of ERS/UPR was associated with increased levels of ER/microsomal (ER/M) associated ␣S monomers and aggregates. Significantly, human PD cases also exhibit higher relative levels of ER/M ␣S than the control cases. Moreover, ␣S interacts with ER cha ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
BMP4 expression in the adult rat brain
... growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily and plays important roles in multiple biological events. Although BMP4 expression has been well described in the early development of central nervous system (CNS), little information is available for its expression in the adult CNS. We, thus, investigated BMP4 ex ...
... growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily and plays important roles in multiple biological events. Although BMP4 expression has been well described in the early development of central nervous system (CNS), little information is available for its expression in the adult CNS. We, thus, investigated BMP4 ex ...
The novel endosomal membrane protein Ema interacts with the
... strong candidate susceptibility locus for autoimmune disorders (Hakonarson et al., 2007; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, 2007; Todd et al., 2007; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2007). The ema orthologues are predicted to encode an 1,000 amino acid protein with a sing ...
... strong candidate susceptibility locus for autoimmune disorders (Hakonarson et al., 2007; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, 2007; Todd et al., 2007; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2007). The ema orthologues are predicted to encode an 1,000 amino acid protein with a sing ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Jessica A. Filosa, Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2092, Augusta, GA 30912. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
... Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Jessica A. Filosa, Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2092, Augusta, GA 30912. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
HLH-14 is a C. elegans Achaete-Scute protein that
... 1983). In the analysis of hlh-14(gm34) embryos, lineaging began at the four-cell stage and was followed for only one of the two bilaterally symmetric lineages. Lineages were observed until the comma stage of development. RNA interference and analyses RNA interference experiments were performed on tw ...
... 1983). In the analysis of hlh-14(gm34) embryos, lineaging began at the four-cell stage and was followed for only one of the two bilaterally symmetric lineages. Lineages were observed until the comma stage of development. RNA interference and analyses RNA interference experiments were performed on tw ...
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... Coordination of voluntary motor activity depends on the generation of the appropriate neuronal subtypes in the basal ganglia and their integration into functional neuronal circuits. The largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum, contains two classes of neurons: the principal population of m ...
... Coordination of voluntary motor activity depends on the generation of the appropriate neuronal subtypes in the basal ganglia and their integration into functional neuronal circuits. The largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum, contains two classes of neurons: the principal population of m ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other proteins to the AIS and can interact with components in the different AIS regions. In the plasma membrane, AnkG through its N-terminal memb ...
... cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other proteins to the AIS and can interact with components in the different AIS regions. In the plasma membrane, AnkG through its N-terminal memb ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, 26). Release of ACh is high in the thalamus in association with cortical activation of both states (27). These cholinergic neurons are thus ostensibly important for cortical activation that occurs in both waking and REMS. On the other hand, their influe ...
... activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, 26). Release of ACh is high in the thalamus in association with cortical activation of both states (27). These cholinergic neurons are thus ostensibly important for cortical activation that occurs in both waking and REMS. On the other hand, their influe ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... Toluene acts as a central nervous system depressant, and it is likely that all volatile solvents act similarly, although potency and sites of action may differ between solvent type. Like ethanol, the most commonly used CNS depressant, toluene, benzene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene and 1,1,1-trichloroethan ...
... Toluene acts as a central nervous system depressant, and it is likely that all volatile solvents act similarly, although potency and sites of action may differ between solvent type. Like ethanol, the most commonly used CNS depressant, toluene, benzene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene and 1,1,1-trichloroethan ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... To investigate the signaling properties of bursts we used a standard model of bursting pyramidal neurons (Fig. 1 A) (Traub et al., 1991; Rhodes and Gray, 1994; Pinsky and Rinzel, 1994; Mainen and Sejnowski, 1996; Kamondi et al., 1998; Wang, 1999; Kepecs and Wang, 2000; Doiron et al., 2001). This mod ...
... To investigate the signaling properties of bursts we used a standard model of bursting pyramidal neurons (Fig. 1 A) (Traub et al., 1991; Rhodes and Gray, 1994; Pinsky and Rinzel, 1994; Mainen and Sejnowski, 1996; Kamondi et al., 1998; Wang, 1999; Kepecs and Wang, 2000; Doiron et al., 2001). This mod ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... To elucidate the comparative development of the nervous system, fluorescent labeling of serotonin-like (5HT-lir), FMRFamide-like (RFa-lir), and acetylated α-tubulin-like (tub-lir) immunoreactivity, and its detection by confocal laser scanning microscopy (IF/CLSM), has recently been performed on a br ...
... To elucidate the comparative development of the nervous system, fluorescent labeling of serotonin-like (5HT-lir), FMRFamide-like (RFa-lir), and acetylated α-tubulin-like (tub-lir) immunoreactivity, and its detection by confocal laser scanning microscopy (IF/CLSM), has recently been performed on a br ...
Read Here
... steamer antigen-retrieval in 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6.0, for 15 min. After cooling down at room temperature (RT) for 20 min, the sections were washed 5 times in PBS for 5 min, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 2 h, and quenched in 0.1 M glycine for 30 min at RT. The sections were the ...
... steamer antigen-retrieval in 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6.0, for 15 min. After cooling down at room temperature (RT) for 20 min, the sections were washed 5 times in PBS for 5 min, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 2 h, and quenched in 0.1 M glycine for 30 min at RT. The sections were the ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippoc ...
... highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippoc ...
The role of repulsive guidance molecules in the
... Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan During the development of the nervous system, outgrowing axons often have to travel long distances to reach their target neurons. In this process, outgrowing neurites tipped with ...
... Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan During the development of the nervous system, outgrowing axons often have to travel long distances to reach their target neurons. In this process, outgrowing neurites tipped with ...
Distinct roles of transcription factors EGL-46 and DAF
... specification of C. elegans hook neuron HOB. egl-46 was previously characterized as a gene when mutated affecting the development of two mechanosensory neurons (FLP cells) (Wu et al., 2001), as well as having defects in the hermaphrodite HSN egg-laying motoneurons (Desai et al., 1988; Desai and Horv ...
... specification of C. elegans hook neuron HOB. egl-46 was previously characterized as a gene when mutated affecting the development of two mechanosensory neurons (FLP cells) (Wu et al., 2001), as well as having defects in the hermaphrodite HSN egg-laying motoneurons (Desai et al., 1988; Desai and Horv ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... We have also been able to obtain evidence that non-reward used as a signal to reverse behavioural choice is represented in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Kringelbach and Rolls (2003) used the faces of two different people, and if one face was selected then that face smiled, and if the other was sel ...
... We have also been able to obtain evidence that non-reward used as a signal to reverse behavioural choice is represented in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Kringelbach and Rolls (2003) used the faces of two different people, and if one face was selected then that face smiled, and if the other was sel ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals f ...
... drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals f ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...