Word - The Open University
... the genetic material each cell contains, producing different structures and features and the characteristic shape of the organism. The sequence of events that occurs during that period of rapid change that begins at conception and continues through to the time when the relative stability of maturity ...
... the genetic material each cell contains, producing different structures and features and the characteristic shape of the organism. The sequence of events that occurs during that period of rapid change that begins at conception and continues through to the time when the relative stability of maturity ...
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology
... cochlear structures. Without the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain, a similar sound pressure level would be applied to both oval and round windows and little pressure differential would exist. Hence, the middle ear mechanism is important to efficiently activate the inner ear structures. In addit ...
... cochlear structures. Without the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain, a similar sound pressure level would be applied to both oval and round windows and little pressure differential would exist. Hence, the middle ear mechanism is important to efficiently activate the inner ear structures. In addit ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the synaptic cleft, and enters postsynaptic neurons. However, these eve ...
... forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the synaptic cleft, and enters postsynaptic neurons. However, these eve ...
Brainstem (II)
... ‐‐ project mainly to cerebral cortex ‐‐ silent during sleep, active during wakefulness ‐‐ form part of the ascending reticular activating system ‐ Reticular formation in the lateral part of medulla ‐‐ send fibers to spinal cord ‐ Solitary nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ...
... ‐‐ project mainly to cerebral cortex ‐‐ silent during sleep, active during wakefulness ‐‐ form part of the ascending reticular activating system ‐ Reticular formation in the lateral part of medulla ‐‐ send fibers to spinal cord ‐ Solitary nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones and physiological conditions (10). Studies using injections of transsynaptic retrograde tracers into the pancreas of sympathectomised rats have demonstrated the distribution of higher order neurons that innervate the pancreas (18, 49, 69). These studies h ...
... neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones and physiological conditions (10). Studies using injections of transsynaptic retrograde tracers into the pancreas of sympathectomised rats have demonstrated the distribution of higher order neurons that innervate the pancreas (18, 49, 69). These studies h ...
Hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus: a historical
... spines” or “thorny excrescences,” a name that reflects the similarity to thorny excrescence of plants, which are complex protrusions that emerge from the main stem. The remarkable complexity of mossy fiber boutons and thorny excrescences—much more intricate than most pre- and postsynaptic structures ...
... spines” or “thorny excrescences,” a name that reflects the similarity to thorny excrescence of plants, which are complex protrusions that emerge from the main stem. The remarkable complexity of mossy fiber boutons and thorny excrescences—much more intricate than most pre- and postsynaptic structures ...
J. Neurophysiol. - Nonlinear Dynamics Group
... information regarding not only neuronal activity but also cell type and location of individual neurons is required. Extracellularly recorded spike sequences can provide information that allows us to distinguish between cell types. In the hippocampus, for example, the firing rate of an interneuron is ...
... information regarding not only neuronal activity but also cell type and location of individual neurons is required. Extracellularly recorded spike sequences can provide information that allows us to distinguish between cell types. In the hippocampus, for example, the firing rate of an interneuron is ...
Introduction
... these postmitotic cells.9, 11 XIAP is a member of a family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) that have been shown to regulate caspases by directly binding to and inhibiting their function.12 Whereas cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c is insufficient to induce apoptosis in wildtype neu ...
... these postmitotic cells.9, 11 XIAP is a member of a family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) that have been shown to regulate caspases by directly binding to and inhibiting their function.12 Whereas cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c is insufficient to induce apoptosis in wildtype neu ...
Principles of Neural Science
... B. Location and other spatial properties of a stimulus are encoded by the spatial distribution of the population of activated receptors. Each receptor fires action potentials only when the skin close to its sensory terminals is touched, ie, when a stimulus impinges on the receptor's receptive field ...
... B. Location and other spatial properties of a stimulus are encoded by the spatial distribution of the population of activated receptors. Each receptor fires action potentials only when the skin close to its sensory terminals is touched, ie, when a stimulus impinges on the receptor's receptive field ...
18-1 PITUITARY GLAND AND HYPOTHALAMUS 1. The pituitary
... sex hormones (testosterone) and the ovaries to produce female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone). 2) The sex hormones affect target tissues, causing many of the differences between the sexes. 3) The sex hormones have a negative feedback effect on the release of hormones from the hypothalamus and ...
... sex hormones (testosterone) and the ovaries to produce female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone). 2) The sex hormones affect target tissues, causing many of the differences between the sexes. 3) The sex hormones have a negative feedback effect on the release of hormones from the hypothalamus and ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... neurogenesis. Intensive investigation has revealed myriad molecular cues involved in this form of neurogenesis, however molecules signaling exclusively for adult neurogenesis are yet to be described. Tenascin R (TNR) an extracellular matrix molecule known to take part in neurogenesis is expressed ...
... neurogenesis. Intensive investigation has revealed myriad molecular cues involved in this form of neurogenesis, however molecules signaling exclusively for adult neurogenesis are yet to be described. Tenascin R (TNR) an extracellular matrix molecule known to take part in neurogenesis is expressed ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... Fig. 1. Elements of the larval optic neuropil (LON). All panels show schematic or confocal images representing frontal section of a first instar larval brain hemisphere; lateral to the left, dorsal up. A: Labeling with anti-Neuroglian (Ngl), showing neuronal cell bodies in cortex (co) and nerve proce ...
... Fig. 1. Elements of the larval optic neuropil (LON). All panels show schematic or confocal images representing frontal section of a first instar larval brain hemisphere; lateral to the left, dorsal up. A: Labeling with anti-Neuroglian (Ngl), showing neuronal cell bodies in cortex (co) and nerve proce ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... odors activate different combinations of glomeruli and these spatial patterns of activity are conserved in different flies. At concentrations of odors reflective of the fly’s native environment, the map is sparse with glomeruli narrowly tuned to a small number of molecular structures. Similar functi ...
... odors activate different combinations of glomeruli and these spatial patterns of activity are conserved in different flies. At concentrations of odors reflective of the fly’s native environment, the map is sparse with glomeruli narrowly tuned to a small number of molecular structures. Similar functi ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback. Just where and how predictive systems exert their influence remains poorly understood. We explored the possi ...
... Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback. Just where and how predictive systems exert their influence remains poorly understood. We explored the possi ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... The vast majority of the synaptic input projects on the dendrites rather than on the soma. One important function of dendrites is therefore to integrate synaptic input, which is influenced by numerous ion channels embedded in the cell membrane. Certain pathological conditions, such as epilepsy and c ...
... The vast majority of the synaptic input projects on the dendrites rather than on the soma. One important function of dendrites is therefore to integrate synaptic input, which is influenced by numerous ion channels embedded in the cell membrane. Certain pathological conditions, such as epilepsy and c ...
Brainstem (II)
... -- project mainly to cerebral cortex -- silent during sleep, active during wakefulness -- form part of the ascending reticular activating system - Reticular formation in the lateral part of medulla -- send fibers to spinal cord - Solitary nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ...
... -- project mainly to cerebral cortex -- silent during sleep, active during wakefulness -- form part of the ascending reticular activating system - Reticular formation in the lateral part of medulla -- send fibers to spinal cord - Solitary nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ...
A divergent canonical WNT-signaling pathway
... took advantage of the polarity of neurons. We used differentiated NB2a neurons expressing DVL-ER where its relocalization and ability to stabilize axonal microtubules can be examined over different time periods. DVL-ER is evenly distributed along the cell body and axons in the absence of -estradiol ...
... took advantage of the polarity of neurons. We used differentiated NB2a neurons expressing DVL-ER where its relocalization and ability to stabilize axonal microtubules can be examined over different time periods. DVL-ER is evenly distributed along the cell body and axons in the absence of -estradiol ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... migration, the mechanism by which tri/stb mediates migration remains uncertain. It is also unclear how the disruption of Hox patterning affects this process on a cellular level. Similarly, little is known about the mechanism by which Hox patterning controls pathfinding of the trigeminal motor nerve. ...
... migration, the mechanism by which tri/stb mediates migration remains uncertain. It is also unclear how the disruption of Hox patterning affects this process on a cellular level. Similarly, little is known about the mechanism by which Hox patterning controls pathfinding of the trigeminal motor nerve. ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... remaining 5 cases in the medial medulla elicited contralateral inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. ...
... remaining 5 cases in the medial medulla elicited contralateral inhibition with no change in ipsilateral muscle tone. In contrast to their responses in waking, when stimulation with the same parameters was applied during SWS, bilateral inhibition without after-facilitation occurred in all cases (Fig. ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... induced by uncaging glutamate on an individual spine and turned over relatively slowly (2–15 min). The increase in this pool of actin was necessary but not sufficient for a long-term increase in spine size, as it was also dependent on the confinement of the pool by the spine neck. Using a barbed-end ...
... induced by uncaging glutamate on an individual spine and turned over relatively slowly (2–15 min). The increase in this pool of actin was necessary but not sufficient for a long-term increase in spine size, as it was also dependent on the confinement of the pool by the spine neck. Using a barbed-end ...
PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS
... (Dementia and Depression – whether the senescence has to look like that?) Introduced by: Teresa Zalewska ...
... (Dementia and Depression – whether the senescence has to look like that?) Introduced by: Teresa Zalewska ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... VTA DA cells projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex lack functional somatodendritic GIRK2-coupled DA D2 autoreceptors [87]; this would preclude physiological recording of D2-IPSCs as an index of DA release in the D2 receptor-lacking cells. Further distinctions are seen in expression of ATPsensit ...
... VTA DA cells projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex lack functional somatodendritic GIRK2-coupled DA D2 autoreceptors [87]; this would preclude physiological recording of D2-IPSCs as an index of DA release in the D2 receptor-lacking cells. Further distinctions are seen in expression of ATPsensit ...
Neural Transcription Factors: from Embryos to Neural Stem Cells
... function in stem cell cultures. But, SIP1 plays a key role in the decision between neural ectoderm and mesendoderm in human ESCs and in mouse epiblast stem cells (Chng et al., 2010). Thus, the evidence so far suggests that the induction of the NE precursor state in ESC and iPSC cultures relies upon ...
... function in stem cell cultures. But, SIP1 plays a key role in the decision between neural ectoderm and mesendoderm in human ESCs and in mouse epiblast stem cells (Chng et al., 2010). Thus, the evidence so far suggests that the induction of the NE precursor state in ESC and iPSC cultures relies upon ...
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... stimulating current spread to other nuclei or if they activated fibers of passage antidromically. It seems quite possible that the axons that were stimulated could have been passing through the region of the proposed VMpo nucleus on the way to the Po, VPI, or VPL nuclei. These possibilities are diff ...
... stimulating current spread to other nuclei or if they activated fibers of passage antidromically. It seems quite possible that the axons that were stimulated could have been passing through the region of the proposed VMpo nucleus on the way to the Po, VPI, or VPL nuclei. These possibilities are diff ...