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BMP regulation of neural tube patterning - Development
... surrounding tissues (Basler et al., 1993; Lee et al., 1998; Liem et al., 1995). Moreover, exposure of cultured explants of undifferentiated neural tissue to BMPs elicits changes in the expression of many developmental regulators known to be expressed by cells of the dorsal neural tube (Lee et al., 1 ...
... surrounding tissues (Basler et al., 1993; Lee et al., 1998; Liem et al., 1995). Moreover, exposure of cultured explants of undifferentiated neural tissue to BMPs elicits changes in the expression of many developmental regulators known to be expressed by cells of the dorsal neural tube (Lee et al., 1 ...
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... downregulated in the ectoderm (Fig. 1C-E), although expression persisted in the frontonasal ectoderm, including the lens (data not shown). The discrete spots of low-level expression in the ectoderm at later stages may correlate with sites of placodal ingression, which continues through stage 21 (D’A ...
... downregulated in the ectoderm (Fig. 1C-E), although expression persisted in the frontonasal ectoderm, including the lens (data not shown). The discrete spots of low-level expression in the ectoderm at later stages may correlate with sites of placodal ingression, which continues through stage 21 (D’A ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... sparse local excitatory connections within columns, coupled with strong unspecific local inhibition and functionally-specific long-range excitatory connections across columns, give rise to competitive dynamics that reproduce experimental observations. Our results explain surround modulation of respo ...
... sparse local excitatory connections within columns, coupled with strong unspecific local inhibition and functionally-specific long-range excitatory connections across columns, give rise to competitive dynamics that reproduce experimental observations. Our results explain surround modulation of respo ...
Chapter 15 - Houston Community College Learning Web
... • Carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut • Sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes ...
... • Carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut • Sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... that descended into the cortex to their profiles in the processed tissue [for details, see Yoshioka et al. (1996)]. Micropipette recording and receptive field mapping. Before making any micropipette recordings, we replaced the BSS under the chamber window with 2% agar in BSS to retain stability duri ...
... that descended into the cortex to their profiles in the processed tissue [for details, see Yoshioka et al. (1996)]. Micropipette recording and receptive field mapping. Before making any micropipette recordings, we replaced the BSS under the chamber window with 2% agar in BSS to retain stability duri ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... examined the organization and development of this circuit, uncovered how asymmetry is represented at the level of individual neurons and determined how such left–right differences arise during development. Keywords: habenula; asymmetry; interpeduncular nucleus; zebrafish; dorsal diencephalic conduct ...
... examined the organization and development of this circuit, uncovered how asymmetry is represented at the level of individual neurons and determined how such left–right differences arise during development. Keywords: habenula; asymmetry; interpeduncular nucleus; zebrafish; dorsal diencephalic conduct ...
ch_16_lecture_presentation
... • Form branching networks of telodendria instead of synaptic terminals • Telodendria form sympathetic varicosities • Resemble string of pearls • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes • Membrane rec ...
... • Form branching networks of telodendria instead of synaptic terminals • Telodendria form sympathetic varicosities • Resemble string of pearls • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes • Membrane rec ...
doc PHGY311
... median eminence is traversed by the axons of hypothalamic neurons ending in the posterior pituitary. The median eminence funnels down to form the infundibular portion of the neurohypophysis (also called the infundibular stalk). In practical terms, the neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary can be co ...
... median eminence is traversed by the axons of hypothalamic neurons ending in the posterior pituitary. The median eminence funnels down to form the infundibular portion of the neurohypophysis (also called the infundibular stalk). In practical terms, the neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary can be co ...
new techniques for imaging, digitization and analysis of
... approaches, alterations in fine-grained single neuron morphology and the global topology of multineuron and vascular networks remain poorly characterized. Accumulating data indicate that these more complex morphologic changes, and their interactions, are essential to understanding the spatiotemporal ...
... approaches, alterations in fine-grained single neuron morphology and the global topology of multineuron and vascular networks remain poorly characterized. Accumulating data indicate that these more complex morphologic changes, and their interactions, are essential to understanding the spatiotemporal ...
judasMRT99
... in proliferation, differentiation, axon outgrowth, synaptogenesis, activity-dependent refinement of synaptic circuits, and programmed cell death. For example, NO mediates the switch from proliferation to cytostasis during the terminal differentiation of neuronal precursor cells (Peunova and Enikolop ...
... in proliferation, differentiation, axon outgrowth, synaptogenesis, activity-dependent refinement of synaptic circuits, and programmed cell death. For example, NO mediates the switch from proliferation to cytostasis during the terminal differentiation of neuronal precursor cells (Peunova and Enikolop ...
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy With Spontaneous
... and handicapped patients (6). Sensory, motor, and autonomic fibers can all be targeted by chronic hyperglycemia (7), typically occurring in a distal-to-proximal gradient starting in the lower extremities. Loss of light touch and pain are predominant features that can predispose individuals to unreco ...
... and handicapped patients (6). Sensory, motor, and autonomic fibers can all be targeted by chronic hyperglycemia (7), typically occurring in a distal-to-proximal gradient starting in the lower extremities. Loss of light touch and pain are predominant features that can predispose individuals to unreco ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... of meningeal sensory fibers (Wolff 1963). Migraine headache, although not accompanied by any detectable pathology, shares certain clinical features with headaches of intracranial origin, and has also been postulated to result from activation of the meningeal sensory innervation (reviewed in Strassma ...
... of meningeal sensory fibers (Wolff 1963). Migraine headache, although not accompanied by any detectable pathology, shares certain clinical features with headaches of intracranial origin, and has also been postulated to result from activation of the meningeal sensory innervation (reviewed in Strassma ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... cells during normal development, we transplanted lineagelabeled BCNE regions isotopically into host blastulae at early stage 9 (Figure 2A). These grafts containing the lineage tracer biotin-dextran amine (BDA) marked the Chd-expressing region at blastula (compare Figure 2B and 2C). A few hours later ...
... cells during normal development, we transplanted lineagelabeled BCNE regions isotopically into host blastulae at early stage 9 (Figure 2A). These grafts containing the lineage tracer biotin-dextran amine (BDA) marked the Chd-expressing region at blastula (compare Figure 2B and 2C). A few hours later ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... macaque striate cortex by Brodmann (1909). The main differences between Hassler’s and Brodmann’s nomenclatures are summarized in Table 2. We have decided to use the Hassler scheme because, based on cytology and efferent connections, there is now ample evidence to support the view that some of the su ...
... macaque striate cortex by Brodmann (1909). The main differences between Hassler’s and Brodmann’s nomenclatures are summarized in Table 2. We have decided to use the Hassler scheme because, based on cytology and efferent connections, there is now ample evidence to support the view that some of the su ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... they are the primary source of DA in target structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction ...
... they are the primary source of DA in target structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are well studied in monkey, and they form the basis for assessing the ...
... stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are well studied in monkey, and they form the basis for assessing the ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... Now these spatial view cells do appear to be involved in memory, for in a task in which the location in the scene where an object was seen must be remembered, some macaque hippocampal neurons respond to the place in the scene where the object is shown, some to the object, and some to a combination o ...
... Now these spatial view cells do appear to be involved in memory, for in a task in which the location in the scene where an object was seen must be remembered, some macaque hippocampal neurons respond to the place in the scene where the object is shown, some to the object, and some to a combination o ...
Chapter 33 Nervous System
... The movement can be seen by finding the sodium-potassium reversal pattern in the three diagrams. ...
... The movement can be seen by finding the sodium-potassium reversal pattern in the three diagrams. ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
Author`s personal copy - Vanderbilt University
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... The Drosophila olfactory system has gradually become a convenient model system for studying many interesting neurological phenomena, such as odor coding (reviewed by Warr et al., 2001) and conditioned learning (reviewed by Waddell and Quinn, 2001). Formation of olfactory associative memory involves ...
... The Drosophila olfactory system has gradually become a convenient model system for studying many interesting neurological phenomena, such as odor coding (reviewed by Warr et al., 2001) and conditioned learning (reviewed by Waddell and Quinn, 2001). Formation of olfactory associative memory involves ...
Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... Contact guidance, the phenomenon by which the physical shape of the substratum induces alignment or directional growth of cells is involved in normal embryonic pattern formation (e.g. Newgreen, 1989). Nervous system development is influenced strongly by geometric patterns present within embryos duri ...
... Contact guidance, the phenomenon by which the physical shape of the substratum induces alignment or directional growth of cells is involved in normal embryonic pattern formation (e.g. Newgreen, 1989). Nervous system development is influenced strongly by geometric patterns present within embryos duri ...