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CHAPTER 3 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... Does not result in homeostasis, but plays an important role in homeostasis ...
... Does not result in homeostasis, but plays an important role in homeostasis ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... amyloidogenic- peptides (A). Overexpression of SORLA in neurons reduces while inactivation of gene expression (as in knock-out mouse models) accelerates amyloidogenic processing and senile plaque formation. The current study aimed at identifying molecular pathways that control SORLA gene transcrip ...
... amyloidogenic- peptides (A). Overexpression of SORLA in neurons reduces while inactivation of gene expression (as in knock-out mouse models) accelerates amyloidogenic processing and senile plaque formation. The current study aimed at identifying molecular pathways that control SORLA gene transcrip ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor fu ...
... A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. When sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions, this is the integrative function of the nervous system. C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor fu ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... the total number of neurons in the hippocampus did not. These results were interpreted as evidence for neuronal replacement. Because more neurons were incorporated into the HF in the fall, but the total number of HF neurons did not increase, other neurons must have been lost in order for neuron numb ...
... the total number of neurons in the hippocampus did not. These results were interpreted as evidence for neuronal replacement. Because more neurons were incorporated into the HF in the fall, but the total number of HF neurons did not increase, other neurons must have been lost in order for neuron numb ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... so the localization of perikarya may yield little specific information about the potential functional role of any subnuclei. However, it is clear that the medial, dorsomedial and commissural subnuclei are particularly strongly innervated by chemoreceptor afferents Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
... so the localization of perikarya may yield little specific information about the potential functional role of any subnuclei. However, it is clear that the medial, dorsomedial and commissural subnuclei are particularly strongly innervated by chemoreceptor afferents Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
Neuronal Control of Mucus Secretion by Leeches: Toward a General
... at an approximate concentration of 75 mg/ ml. After 5 min, the unadsorbed carmine is removed by gentle washing with saline. The mucus together with its adsorbed carmine is then collected with a suction pipette, transferred into a test tube, and sedimented into a pellet in a clinical centrifuge. Afte ...
... at an approximate concentration of 75 mg/ ml. After 5 min, the unadsorbed carmine is removed by gentle washing with saline. The mucus together with its adsorbed carmine is then collected with a suction pipette, transferred into a test tube, and sedimented into a pellet in a clinical centrifuge. Afte ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... placed before the DREADD sequence. Lines carrying Credependent reporter alleles, such as the ROSA conditional allele, will also express DREADD in all cells marked by Cre. This approach sacrifices region-specific DREADD manipulation but can certainly prove helpful for manipulating neurons of a certai ...
... placed before the DREADD sequence. Lines carrying Credependent reporter alleles, such as the ROSA conditional allele, will also express DREADD in all cells marked by Cre. This approach sacrifices region-specific DREADD manipulation but can certainly prove helpful for manipulating neurons of a certai ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... 1978; ferret, Linden et al., 1981; cat, Shatz, 1983; mouse, Godement et al., 1984; rat, Jeffrey, 1984), using both radioactive and nonradioactive tracers to label ganglion cell axons. These studies confirmed Rakic’s main conclusion that eye-specific retinogeniculate projections emerge from a state i ...
... 1978; ferret, Linden et al., 1981; cat, Shatz, 1983; mouse, Godement et al., 1984; rat, Jeffrey, 1984), using both radioactive and nonradioactive tracers to label ganglion cell axons. These studies confirmed Rakic’s main conclusion that eye-specific retinogeniculate projections emerge from a state i ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... death victims aged from the 17th gestational week to 10 months of life, who had died of known and unknown causes, and then we evaluated whether morphofunctional disorders could be present in this nucleus in victims of unexplained death. The study protocol of the HGN included, in all cases: (1) morph ...
... death victims aged from the 17th gestational week to 10 months of life, who had died of known and unknown causes, and then we evaluated whether morphofunctional disorders could be present in this nucleus in victims of unexplained death. The study protocol of the HGN included, in all cases: (1) morph ...
Sonic hedgehog and cerebellum development
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
... Lee et al., 1997; Ruiz i Altaba, 1998), SHH could thus act in an autocrine manner in early EGL cells. SHH secreted from Purkinje neurons could then act on oEGL cells and in cells within the PL. The distribution of SHH protein and its localization with respect to a variety of cell-specific markers as ...
That nagging pain in the bum
... multidisciplinary approach to anatomical study is essential. It is not only crucial to understand the birth of the body’s unique single cells and their journey of development in to specific structures and systems but how they may relate to one another synergistically is vital. Mankind’s curiosity wi ...
... multidisciplinary approach to anatomical study is essential. It is not only crucial to understand the birth of the body’s unique single cells and their journey of development in to specific structures and systems but how they may relate to one another synergistically is vital. Mankind’s curiosity wi ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... updates (reward extinction) indicating that an involvement of sleep spindles in learning is not confined to sleep episodes immediately after training [22]. In the same species, spindles particularly at the transition to REM sleep were shown to be involved in the consolidation of novel memories [23]. ...
... updates (reward extinction) indicating that an involvement of sleep spindles in learning is not confined to sleep episodes immediately after training [22]. In the same species, spindles particularly at the transition to REM sleep were shown to be involved in the consolidation of novel memories [23]. ...
Neuromechanical coupling in the regulation of muscle tone and joint
... consistently throughout the literature, potentially because of poor reliability (Boiteau et al., 1995; Lorentzen et al., 2012). Therefore, some researchers have focused on understanding the brain’s relationship to resting muscle activity and stiffness. One tool for investigating this relationship, t ...
... consistently throughout the literature, potentially because of poor reliability (Boiteau et al., 1995; Lorentzen et al., 2012). Therefore, some researchers have focused on understanding the brain’s relationship to resting muscle activity and stiffness. One tool for investigating this relationship, t ...
Zinc Neurotoxicity and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
... and detectable by the staining using chelating reagents. Chelatable zinc is stored in the presynaptic vesicles of particular excitatory neurons, and is secreted from vesicles to synaptic clefts with excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate during the neuronal excitation.4) Its concentration is estimate ...
... and detectable by the staining using chelating reagents. Chelatable zinc is stored in the presynaptic vesicles of particular excitatory neurons, and is secreted from vesicles to synaptic clefts with excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate during the neuronal excitation.4) Its concentration is estimate ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... weaker reaction with tau antibodies. In most neurites the diminution appeared to occur uniformly over the entire extent of the neurite. During this transformation period there were occasional axon-like neurites that contained MAP2 immunoreactivity proximally, while tau immunoreactivity extended over ...
... weaker reaction with tau antibodies. In most neurites the diminution appeared to occur uniformly over the entire extent of the neurite. During this transformation period there were occasional axon-like neurites that contained MAP2 immunoreactivity proximally, while tau immunoreactivity extended over ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
Corollary Discharge Inhibition and Preservation of Temporal
... afferents (Enger et al., 1976a, b). The previously described somatotopy within the nucleus (Bell and Russell, 1978) was also confirmed in that afferents from electroreceptors on the dorsal skin surface were found to terminate in the ventral half of the nucleus, whereas those from the ventral skin su ...
... afferents (Enger et al., 1976a, b). The previously described somatotopy within the nucleus (Bell and Russell, 1978) was also confirmed in that afferents from electroreceptors on the dorsal skin surface were found to terminate in the ventral half of the nucleus, whereas those from the ventral skin su ...
Spatially and Functionally Distinct Roles of the PI3
... 13 DIV sympathetic neurons grown in biochemistry chambers were maintained in medium lacking NGF for 2 days before treatment with medium alone (minus sign) or medium containing NGF (150 ng/ml) for either 20 min or 8 hr. Cellular lysates were prepared from individual compartments containing cell bodie ...
... 13 DIV sympathetic neurons grown in biochemistry chambers were maintained in medium lacking NGF for 2 days before treatment with medium alone (minus sign) or medium containing NGF (150 ng/ml) for either 20 min or 8 hr. Cellular lysates were prepared from individual compartments containing cell bodie ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... Animals move their sensors to collect information, and these movements are guided by sensory input. When action sequences are required to achieve success in novel tasks, interactions between movement and sensation underlie motor control1 and complex learned behaviours2. The motor cortex has importan ...
... Animals move their sensors to collect information, and these movements are guided by sensory input. When action sequences are required to achieve success in novel tasks, interactions between movement and sensation underlie motor control1 and complex learned behaviours2. The motor cortex has importan ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... that are inhibited in the latent phase of scratch. Rubrospinal tract neurons become tonically active during the latent period (Arshavsky et al. 1978c). Some fastigial nuclei (cerebellar) neurons were inhibited during the latent period (Antziferova et al. 1980). Moreover, interpositus nucleus neurons ...
... that are inhibited in the latent phase of scratch. Rubrospinal tract neurons become tonically active during the latent period (Arshavsky et al. 1978c). Some fastigial nuclei (cerebellar) neurons were inhibited during the latent period (Antziferova et al. 1980). Moreover, interpositus nucleus neurons ...