Quantity and Three-Dimensional Position of the Recurrent and
... Objectives: We sought to elucidate the 3-dimensiotial position and quantify the lower motor neurons (LMNs) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) in a rat model. Quantification and mapping of these neurons will enhance the usefulness of the rat model in the stu ...
... Objectives: We sought to elucidate the 3-dimensiotial position and quantify the lower motor neurons (LMNs) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) in a rat model. Quantification and mapping of these neurons will enhance the usefulness of the rat model in the stu ...
Glycine Binding Sites of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors May
... 8, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00980.2006. In the CNS, activation of Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) glycine binding sites is a prerequisite for activation of postsynaptic NMDA-Rs by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Here we provide electrophysiological evidence that the glycine binding site ...
... 8, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00980.2006. In the CNS, activation of Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) glycine binding sites is a prerequisite for activation of postsynaptic NMDA-Rs by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Here we provide electrophysiological evidence that the glycine binding site ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... The Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system is all of the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies. ...
... The Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system is all of the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia. Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies. ...
The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and
... lateral corticospinal tract by a cerebral stroke in the internal capsule results in a paralysis of one or more contralateral limbs. The rubrospinal tract, originating in the nucleus ruber in the mesencephalon, also plays an important role in the lateral component, but not in humans, where it seems t ...
... lateral corticospinal tract by a cerebral stroke in the internal capsule results in a paralysis of one or more contralateral limbs. The rubrospinal tract, originating in the nucleus ruber in the mesencephalon, also plays an important role in the lateral component, but not in humans, where it seems t ...
Central Nervous System
... Synapses are composed of three structures, in addition to a very narrow synaptic cleft Synaptic knob Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic neuron plasma membrane ...
... Synapses are composed of three structures, in addition to a very narrow synaptic cleft Synaptic knob Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic neuron plasma membrane ...
PDF - WordPress @ Clark U
... domain code determines subsequent differentiation of neuronal subtypes in discrete regions along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube (see Fig. 1B, Briscoe et al., 2000, 2001; Ericson et al., 1997). In the spinal cords of mice lacking shh, class II progenitor proteins are not properly induced, a ...
... domain code determines subsequent differentiation of neuronal subtypes in discrete regions along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube (see Fig. 1B, Briscoe et al., 2000, 2001; Ericson et al., 1997). In the spinal cords of mice lacking shh, class II progenitor proteins are not properly induced, a ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... hippocampus, neurons which responded with both fast nicotinic alpha-7 receptor responses and slow non-alpha-7 responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (Mc ...
... hippocampus, neurons which responded with both fast nicotinic alpha-7 receptor responses and slow non-alpha-7 responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (Mc ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... beginning to unscramble the developmental origins of different classes of spinal interneurons in the mouse and the chick (Lee and Pfaff, 2001; Goulding et al., 2002; Helms and Johnson, 2003). This work on development points to common features shared by different classes of vertebrate and supports th ...
... beginning to unscramble the developmental origins of different classes of spinal interneurons in the mouse and the chick (Lee and Pfaff, 2001; Goulding et al., 2002; Helms and Johnson, 2003). This work on development points to common features shared by different classes of vertebrate and supports th ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... area does not in itself define with certainty the role of those cells, and the loss may be temporary rather than permanent (St John 2009). A further problem concerns the nature of the rhythmical activity that is recorded from isolated preparations in which it is often difficult to distinguish eupnei ...
... area does not in itself define with certainty the role of those cells, and the loss may be temporary rather than permanent (St John 2009). A further problem concerns the nature of the rhythmical activity that is recorded from isolated preparations in which it is often difficult to distinguish eupnei ...
Activity of Ventral Medial Thalamic Neurons during
... bital (40 mg/kg, i.p.; Sanofi, Libourne, France) and ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.m.; Imalgène, Rhone Mérieux, France). A cannula was inserted into the trachea and the animal was placed in a stereotaxic frame. Wounds and pressure points were repeatedly (every 2 h) infiltrated with lignocaine (2%). Once ...
... bital (40 mg/kg, i.p.; Sanofi, Libourne, France) and ketamine (100 mg/kg, i.m.; Imalgène, Rhone Mérieux, France). A cannula was inserted into the trachea and the animal was placed in a stereotaxic frame. Wounds and pressure points were repeatedly (every 2 h) infiltrated with lignocaine (2%). Once ...
Efferent connections of the parabigeminal nucleus to the amygdala
... the Pbg to Am might be an element of a third disynaptic connection from the SC to the Am, since this nucleus receives a significant input from the SC (Baleydier and Magnin, 1979; Graybiel, 1978, reviewed in Usunoff et al., 2006). In order to understand whether the neurons of this small nucleus, with ...
... the Pbg to Am might be an element of a third disynaptic connection from the SC to the Am, since this nucleus receives a significant input from the SC (Baleydier and Magnin, 1979; Graybiel, 1978, reviewed in Usunoff et al., 2006). In order to understand whether the neurons of this small nucleus, with ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... which were lost suddenly in the presence of steady current). The average input resistance was 20.2 f 10.8 MQ (n = 54). These values are comparable to other reports for guinea pig CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro (e.g., Turner, 1988). The CA3 pyramidal cells were generally more robust than CA1 neurons, a ...
... which were lost suddenly in the presence of steady current). The average input resistance was 20.2 f 10.8 MQ (n = 54). These values are comparable to other reports for guinea pig CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro (e.g., Turner, 1988). The CA3 pyramidal cells were generally more robust than CA1 neurons, a ...
The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has two olfactory organs, the antenna and maxillary palp, which contain ⵑ1200 and ⵑ120 ORNs, respectively (Stocker, 1994; Shanbhag et al., 1999). ORNs are compartmentalized into sensilla, which can be subdivided into three major morphological types: basiconic, c ...
... The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has two olfactory organs, the antenna and maxillary palp, which contain ⵑ1200 and ⵑ120 ORNs, respectively (Stocker, 1994; Shanbhag et al., 1999). ORNs are compartmentalized into sensilla, which can be subdivided into three major morphological types: basiconic, c ...
Differential Classical Conditioning of the Gill
... GWR (Pinsker et al., 1970; Ezzeddine and Glanzman, 2003). We observed significant habituation of the GWR in additional experiments in which the same number of CSs were alternately given to the siphon at the same rate of stimulation used for differential conditioning, but in which the US was withheld ...
... GWR (Pinsker et al., 1970; Ezzeddine and Glanzman, 2003). We observed significant habituation of the GWR in additional experiments in which the same number of CSs were alternately given to the siphon at the same rate of stimulation used for differential conditioning, but in which the US was withheld ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... – Axons course through internal capsule, cerebral peduncles – Axons end in brainstem (corticobulbar tracts) or spinal cord (corticospinal tracts) – Corticobulbar tracts o Originate from facial region of primary motor cortex o Axons extending to brainstem where they synapse with lower motor neurons i ...
... – Axons course through internal capsule, cerebral peduncles – Axons end in brainstem (corticobulbar tracts) or spinal cord (corticospinal tracts) – Corticobulbar tracts o Originate from facial region of primary motor cortex o Axons extending to brainstem where they synapse with lower motor neurons i ...
In LHRH neurons
... There are about 2000 neurons in hypothalamus that contain LHRH. Early studies have suggested that the pulse generator is physically located in the medialbasal hypothalamus. ...
... There are about 2000 neurons in hypothalamus that contain LHRH. Early studies have suggested that the pulse generator is physically located in the medialbasal hypothalamus. ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many key regulators of prefrontal function and cognition, including multiple NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits (GRIN1/2A/2B, GRIA2) and neuron ...
... enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many key regulators of prefrontal function and cognition, including multiple NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits (GRIN1/2A/2B, GRIA2) and neuron ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... protocols were followed and whether the tissue was fixed with sodium periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde and stored in PBS or fixed and stored in formol-saline. Controls. The antiserum that we used was kindly provided by Dr. D. Eric M. Lawson of the University of Cambridge and has been reported to be ...
... protocols were followed and whether the tissue was fixed with sodium periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde and stored in PBS or fixed and stored in formol-saline. Controls. The antiserum that we used was kindly provided by Dr. D. Eric M. Lawson of the University of Cambridge and has been reported to be ...
Phase Precession and Variable Spatial Scaling in a Periodic
... 200 are ‘‘north’’ conjunctive cells, and the upper middle block shows their inputs from grid cells, while the left middle block shows their offset connections back to grid cells. Neurons 201–300 are ‘‘south’’ conjunctive cells. Note the symmetry of the grid cell to grid cell and grid cell to conjunc ...
... 200 are ‘‘north’’ conjunctive cells, and the upper middle block shows their inputs from grid cells, while the left middle block shows their offset connections back to grid cells. Neurons 201–300 are ‘‘south’’ conjunctive cells. Note the symmetry of the grid cell to grid cell and grid cell to conjunc ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... (Trulson and Jacobs 1979, 1981) but transform the response properties of sensory neurons in highly specific ways (Hurley et al. 2004; Mooney et al. 1996; Xiang and Prince 2003). This specificity is achieved through the targeting of classes of neurons by a variety of receptor types that may alter int ...
... (Trulson and Jacobs 1979, 1981) but transform the response properties of sensory neurons in highly specific ways (Hurley et al. 2004; Mooney et al. 1996; Xiang and Prince 2003). This specificity is achieved through the targeting of classes of neurons by a variety of receptor types that may alter int ...
propofol alters vesicular transport in rat cortical neuronal cultures
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
... Fig. 1. Propofol induces retrograde vesicle movement and increase vesicular velocity in neurons. (A) A neuron in Ca2+-containing medium (CCM) is shown 5 minutes (time -5) before exposure to propofol in a differential interference contrast image, with the cell body to the left and a branched neurite ...
M555 Medical Neuroscience Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral
... form the posterior spinocerebellar tract an important source of input to the cerebellum ...
... form the posterior spinocerebellar tract an important source of input to the cerebellum ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...