Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... Direct activation by mtracellular stimulation Injections of depolarizing current pulses to STH neurons produced either repetitive or burst discharges. The duration of action potentials was about 1 ms. When neurons with a membrane potential of 40-65 mV were activated by the rejection of current pulse ...
... Direct activation by mtracellular stimulation Injections of depolarizing current pulses to STH neurons produced either repetitive or burst discharges. The duration of action potentials was about 1 ms. When neurons with a membrane potential of 40-65 mV were activated by the rejection of current pulse ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... is particularly prominent in the developing human brain (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980, 1990). Clinically, this region is susceptible to injury in utero or perinatally. For example, it is affected in both of the two major neonatal brain conditions, periventricular leukomalacia and germinal matrix hemorrh ...
... is particularly prominent in the developing human brain (Kostovic and Rakic, 1980, 1990). Clinically, this region is susceptible to injury in utero or perinatally. For example, it is affected in both of the two major neonatal brain conditions, periventricular leukomalacia and germinal matrix hemorrh ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... loaded on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Membrane was blocked in PBSMT (PBS1X; tween 0.1%; dry milk 5%) and then incubated with a dilution of different primary antibodies in PBSMT overnight at 4C. The different antibodies were ...
... loaded on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Membrane was blocked in PBSMT (PBS1X; tween 0.1%; dry milk 5%) and then incubated with a dilution of different primary antibodies in PBSMT overnight at 4C. The different antibodies were ...
video slide - Course
... 4 The sensory neurons communicate with motor neurons that supply the quadriceps. The motor neurons convey signals to the quadriceps, causing it to contract and jerking the lower leg forward. ...
... 4 The sensory neurons communicate with motor neurons that supply the quadriceps. The motor neurons convey signals to the quadriceps, causing it to contract and jerking the lower leg forward. ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... and spontaneous excitatory neurotransmission in NTSVLM neurons are modulated by exogenous ATP (AccorsiMendoncßa et al. 2007). Recent studies demonstrated that ATP is an important extracellular messenger involved with the bidirectional signaling in the glia–neuron interaction in the tripartite synaps ...
... and spontaneous excitatory neurotransmission in NTSVLM neurons are modulated by exogenous ATP (AccorsiMendoncßa et al. 2007). Recent studies demonstrated that ATP is an important extracellular messenger involved with the bidirectional signaling in the glia–neuron interaction in the tripartite synaps ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
Neurons in the Most Superficial Lamina of the Mouse Superior
... between 10° and ⫺45°). To determine direction/orientation selectivity, drifting sinusoidal gratings of 12 directions (0 –330°, with 30° increments) were presented in a pseudorandom order either within a circular window (30° in diameter and surrounded by a gray background) near the center of the RFs ...
... between 10° and ⫺45°). To determine direction/orientation selectivity, drifting sinusoidal gratings of 12 directions (0 –330°, with 30° increments) were presented in a pseudorandom order either within a circular window (30° in diameter and surrounded by a gray background) near the center of the RFs ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... evoke stronger responses than in the non-sensitized state. After sensitization of “pain fibres”, normally non-painful stimuli can cause pain. Cutaneous nociceptors are in particular sensitized to thermal stimuli; nociceptors in deep somatic tissue such as joint and muscle show pronounced sensitizatio ...
... evoke stronger responses than in the non-sensitized state. After sensitization of “pain fibres”, normally non-painful stimuli can cause pain. Cutaneous nociceptors are in particular sensitized to thermal stimuli; nociceptors in deep somatic tissue such as joint and muscle show pronounced sensitizatio ...
The human medial geniculate body
... tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the pattern of brain stem input to these divisions is different [4,42]. Thus, not all parts of the medial geniculate body can be considered as exclusively or equally auditory based on their connections, fo ...
... tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the pattern of brain stem input to these divisions is different [4,42]. Thus, not all parts of the medial geniculate body can be considered as exclusively or equally auditory based on their connections, fo ...
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... see Wright, 1974; Chase and Kamil, 1983; Chase and Tolloczko, 1985). The receptors ...
... see Wright, 1974; Chase and Kamil, 1983; Chase and Tolloczko, 1985). The receptors ...
BIO 210 Course Outline
... 1. Define twitch and describe its characteristics in different muscles. 2. Distinguish between a twitch and the effects generated by repeated stimulation (e.g., treppe, wave summation, tetanus). G. Describe motor units and their role in maintaining tension during muscle contraction, i.e., recruitmen ...
... 1. Define twitch and describe its characteristics in different muscles. 2. Distinguish between a twitch and the effects generated by repeated stimulation (e.g., treppe, wave summation, tetanus). G. Describe motor units and their role in maintaining tension during muscle contraction, i.e., recruitmen ...
Spiking Neurons - Computing Science and Mathematics
... time window is set by the experimenter and depends on the type of neuron recorded from and the stimulus . In practice, to get sensible averages, several spikes should occur within the time window . Values of T = 100ms or T = 500 ms are typical , but the duration may also be longer or shorter. This d ...
... time window is set by the experimenter and depends on the type of neuron recorded from and the stimulus . In practice, to get sensible averages, several spikes should occur within the time window . Values of T = 100ms or T = 500 ms are typical , but the duration may also be longer or shorter. This d ...
Sensory Nerves in Adult Rats Regenerate and Restore Sensory
... NGF and is unaffected by impulse activity. These findings further support the proposal that these two growth behaviors have basically different biological functions in the organism. ...
... NGF and is unaffected by impulse activity. These findings further support the proposal that these two growth behaviors have basically different biological functions in the organism. ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. In order to maximize the efficiency of the immune response, it is coordinated by the ce ...
... humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. In order to maximize the efficiency of the immune response, it is coordinated by the ce ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... Henry Lütcke and Fritjof Helmchen Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland ...
... Henry Lütcke and Fritjof Helmchen Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... area control the secretion of pituitary LH via the pulsatile release of GnRH from their terminals in the median eminence into the hypophysial portal blood vessels. On a minute-tohourly basis, the GnRH pulse generator is extremely sensitive to energetic stress. GnRH pulses are readily suppressed by f ...
... area control the secretion of pituitary LH via the pulsatile release of GnRH from their terminals in the median eminence into the hypophysial portal blood vessels. On a minute-tohourly basis, the GnRH pulse generator is extremely sensitive to energetic stress. GnRH pulses are readily suppressed by f ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... compartmental neuron with a somatic compartment connected to multiple, otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlin ...
... compartmental neuron with a somatic compartment connected to multiple, otherwise independent, dendritic compartments (only three shown). (b) Excitatory inputs can generate a local, regenerative NMDA plateau potential in the dendrite. As number of activated synapses increased, there is a sharp nonlin ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... and b subunits. There are 16 a subunits and 8 b subunits, and they dimerize in multiple combinations to form over 20 different integrin receptors (Hynes, 1992). In general, a subunits are thought to play a determinant role in the ligand specificity and thus, the biological response of individual int ...
... and b subunits. There are 16 a subunits and 8 b subunits, and they dimerize in multiple combinations to form over 20 different integrin receptors (Hynes, 1992). In general, a subunits are thought to play a determinant role in the ligand specificity and thus, the biological response of individual int ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... influence of on-going inputs. One can imagine that a system of strong one-to-one connections from another area may effectively „transfer‟ a pattern of activity from there, where it is determined by some unspecified process, to the associative memory network. McNaughton and Morris (1987) observed tha ...
... influence of on-going inputs. One can imagine that a system of strong one-to-one connections from another area may effectively „transfer‟ a pattern of activity from there, where it is determined by some unspecified process, to the associative memory network. McNaughton and Morris (1987) observed tha ...
Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb
... into four primary branches, each of which innervated all of and only muscle fibers contained within these "neuromuscular compartments". However, it was still possible that the axons of the individual motoneurons might bifurcate proximally and innervate more than one such primary nerve branch. In a s ...
... into four primary branches, each of which innervated all of and only muscle fibers contained within these "neuromuscular compartments". However, it was still possible that the axons of the individual motoneurons might bifurcate proximally and innervate more than one such primary nerve branch. In a s ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish are capable of regenerating neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), including the spinal cord (Grandel and Brand, 2013; Goldman, 2014; Becker and Becker, 2015; ThanTrong and Bally-Cuif, 2015). To understand these differences, it is important to elucidate ...
... In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish are capable of regenerating neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), including the spinal cord (Grandel and Brand, 2013; Goldman, 2014; Becker and Becker, 2015; ThanTrong and Bally-Cuif, 2015). To understand these differences, it is important to elucidate ...