Amyloid Precursor Protein in Cortical Neurons: Coexistence of Two
... it has been suggestedthat APP may function as a G-proteincoupled receptor (Nishimoto et al., 1993).In addition, amyloid precursor protein expression increasesduring neuronal differentiation (Hung et al., 1992). To begin to understand the biological function of APP, we studied the localization of the ...
... it has been suggestedthat APP may function as a G-proteincoupled receptor (Nishimoto et al., 1993).In addition, amyloid precursor protein expression increasesduring neuronal differentiation (Hung et al., 1992). To begin to understand the biological function of APP, we studied the localization of the ...
Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression
... typer I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) signaling mechanisms in brains with AD, and shows that while each of the corresponding growth factors is normally made in central nervous system (CNS) neurons, the expression levels are markedly reduced in AD. These abnormalities were associated with reduced levels ...
... typer I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) signaling mechanisms in brains with AD, and shows that while each of the corresponding growth factors is normally made in central nervous system (CNS) neurons, the expression levels are markedly reduced in AD. These abnormalities were associated with reduced levels ...
Wired for reproduction: Organization and Development of Sexually
... initiates ovulation in female mammals (see Gerall & Givon 1992 for review). Treatment of ovariectomized adult female rats with estrogen causes a massive surge in LH secretion, yet similar treatments in males fail to induce a similar response. This sexually dimorphic response to hormone treatment can ...
... initiates ovulation in female mammals (see Gerall & Givon 1992 for review). Treatment of ovariectomized adult female rats with estrogen causes a massive surge in LH secretion, yet similar treatments in males fail to induce a similar response. This sexually dimorphic response to hormone treatment can ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... Delayed awareness: spinal reflexes occur without immediate conscious awareness you will feel pain later bc it has to go up to higher centers Reflex suppression: reflexes can be suppressed by conscious thought (higher centers) o You can hold on to a pot of boiling water in order to save a child fro ...
... Delayed awareness: spinal reflexes occur without immediate conscious awareness you will feel pain later bc it has to go up to higher centers Reflex suppression: reflexes can be suppressed by conscious thought (higher centers) o You can hold on to a pot of boiling water in order to save a child fro ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... The physiological role of the pontine-mediated mechanisms involved in IE phase transition has not received much attention, and reports of synaptic interactions required for mediating IE phase transitions are rare. Although several computational models were developed to explain possible pontine mecha ...
... The physiological role of the pontine-mediated mechanisms involved in IE phase transition has not received much attention, and reports of synaptic interactions required for mediating IE phase transitions are rare. Although several computational models were developed to explain possible pontine mecha ...
Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... initiation and propagation in mitral cell primary dendrite. J Neurophysiol 88: 2755–2764, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00057.2002. The mitral cell primary dendrite plays an important role in transmitting distal olfactory nerve input from olfactory glomerulus to the soma-axon initial segment. To understand how d ...
... initiation and propagation in mitral cell primary dendrite. J Neurophysiol 88: 2755–2764, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00057.2002. The mitral cell primary dendrite plays an important role in transmitting distal olfactory nerve input from olfactory glomerulus to the soma-axon initial segment. To understand how d ...
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... takes place in the cells with p75 and without TrkA. However, it has proposed in 2001 that proNGF induces neuronal cell death through the p75 receptor, and subsequent studies have revealed that the physiological ligand for p75 is proNGF rather than NGF.18 P75 is located on the cell membrane surface i ...
... takes place in the cells with p75 and without TrkA. However, it has proposed in 2001 that proNGF induces neuronal cell death through the p75 receptor, and subsequent studies have revealed that the physiological ligand for p75 is proNGF rather than NGF.18 P75 is located on the cell membrane surface i ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... Investigations of spatially tuned neuronal activity promise to elucidate the respective roles of afferent organization and local cortical circuitry in the processes underlying regional cortical function. Directionally selective activity has been observed in many areas of the brain, from the visual ( ...
... Investigations of spatially tuned neuronal activity promise to elucidate the respective roles of afferent organization and local cortical circuitry in the processes underlying regional cortical function. Directionally selective activity has been observed in many areas of the brain, from the visual ( ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F Andreas Walz, Paul Feinstein, Mona Khan and Peter Mombaerts* The olfactory system of the mouse includes several subsystems that project axons from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactor ...
... Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F Andreas Walz, Paul Feinstein, Mona Khan and Peter Mombaerts* The olfactory system of the mouse includes several subsystems that project axons from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactor ...
Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3
... encoded in spike frequency and pattern of the inhibitory SNr projection neurons. SNr output intensity and pattern are often abnormal in movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. In Parkinson’s disease, histamine innervation and histamine H3 receptor expression in SNr may be increased. However, the ...
... encoded in spike frequency and pattern of the inhibitory SNr projection neurons. SNr output intensity and pattern are often abnormal in movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. In Parkinson’s disease, histamine innervation and histamine H3 receptor expression in SNr may be increased. However, the ...
the organization of the arthropod central nervous system
... soon be possible to know both the physiological and anatomical relations of a number of such units, thus coming closer to an understanding of their functional significance (Wiersma, 1958; Hughes and Wiersma, 1960). Both anatomical and physiological investigations have shown that a significant propor ...
... soon be possible to know both the physiological and anatomical relations of a number of such units, thus coming closer to an understanding of their functional significance (Wiersma, 1958; Hughes and Wiersma, 1960). Both anatomical and physiological investigations have shown that a significant propor ...
Amyloid inhibits retinoic acid synthesis exacerbating Alzheimer
... NEP activity assay was done following previous methods (Tamboli et al., 2010). NEP substrate was N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-7amido-4-methylcoumarin (Sigma Aldrich) and NEP inhibitor thiorphan (Sigma Aldrich). For TNFa and Ab42 quantification, a mouse TNFa ELISA Kit (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen) and a hu ...
... NEP activity assay was done following previous methods (Tamboli et al., 2010). NEP substrate was N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-7amido-4-methylcoumarin (Sigma Aldrich) and NEP inhibitor thiorphan (Sigma Aldrich). For TNFa and Ab42 quantification, a mouse TNFa ELISA Kit (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen) and a hu ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... spatial resolution and eliminate problems inherent to distant recordings. As a testbed we chose the monolayered CA1 region of the rat hippocampus that offers a number of advantages for verification of the applicability of the mixing model and the cellular identification of separated electrical sourc ...
... spatial resolution and eliminate problems inherent to distant recordings. As a testbed we chose the monolayered CA1 region of the rat hippocampus that offers a number of advantages for verification of the applicability of the mixing model and the cellular identification of separated electrical sourc ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... layer 2 neurons but also the subthreshold synaptic input that drives spiking. The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the ear ...
... layer 2 neurons but also the subthreshold synaptic input that drives spiking. The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the ear ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... neural structures using a developmental approach ”I want to build neural networks that grow, networks that show a good degree of self-organization even in the absence of experience” [Marcus, 2001]. Jakobi created an impressive artificial genomic regulatory network, where genes code for proteins and ...
... neural structures using a developmental approach ”I want to build neural networks that grow, networks that show a good degree of self-organization even in the absence of experience” [Marcus, 2001]. Jakobi created an impressive artificial genomic regulatory network, where genes code for proteins and ...
Neural Tissue
... neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons located in the brain and in special sense organs function is poorly understood ...
... neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons located in the brain and in special sense organs function is poorly understood ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... as insulin, leptin, and ghrelin from the periphery. The gate for the most important adiposity signals is the arcuate nucleus, which contains neurons expressing orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively. These neurons convey peripheral input to the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei, an ...
... as insulin, leptin, and ghrelin from the periphery. The gate for the most important adiposity signals is the arcuate nucleus, which contains neurons expressing orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively. These neurons convey peripheral input to the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei, an ...
Vocal Control Neuron Incorporation Decreases with Age in the Adult
... be found at 1 and 4 months of survival, not whether the numbers of labeled neurons differed between these two survival times. Fluoro-gold labeling. Four days before being killed, birds that received [ 3H]thymidine also received 2-hydroxy-4,4⬘-diamidinostilbene (FluoroGold; Fluorochrome, Englewood, C ...
... be found at 1 and 4 months of survival, not whether the numbers of labeled neurons differed between these two survival times. Fluoro-gold labeling. Four days before being killed, birds that received [ 3H]thymidine also received 2-hydroxy-4,4⬘-diamidinostilbene (FluoroGold; Fluorochrome, Englewood, C ...
Full Article
... and they were manifested by well-defined varicosities apparently lying directly on the apposed neuron. To be considered apposed by an axon, a neuron needed to exhibit only one, well-characterized, axonal varicosity on its soma or one of its dendrites. We inferred the existence of synapses by close a ...
... and they were manifested by well-defined varicosities apparently lying directly on the apposed neuron. To be considered apposed by an axon, a neuron needed to exhibit only one, well-characterized, axonal varicosity on its soma or one of its dendrites. We inferred the existence of synapses by close a ...
Patterning of brain precursors in ascidian embryos
... column 2 over column 1 fates. In column 3, Nodal-dependent expression of Snail and Msxb is required to repress Gsx expression in column 3. We conclude that despite the distinct lineage origins of the anterior and posterior nervous system, these cells are subsequently patterned by very similar mechan ...
... column 2 over column 1 fates. In column 3, Nodal-dependent expression of Snail and Msxb is required to repress Gsx expression in column 3. We conclude that despite the distinct lineage origins of the anterior and posterior nervous system, these cells are subsequently patterned by very similar mechan ...
Cocaine and Amphetamines (PDF Available)
... increasing the function of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), the transmitter released by the sympathetic neurons innervating the heart, vasculature, lungs and other internal organs. Many of these drugs also act on epinephrine (adrenaline), which when released into the bloodstream as a hormone reinforc ...
... increasing the function of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), the transmitter released by the sympathetic neurons innervating the heart, vasculature, lungs and other internal organs. Many of these drugs also act on epinephrine (adrenaline), which when released into the bloodstream as a hormone reinforc ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
Swim Initiation Neurons in Tritonia diomedea1
... escape swim circuit of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea that have important roles in behavioral initiation. DRI functions as a command neuron, receiving direct excitatory input from the afferent neurons, and in turn directly exciting the DSI neurons of the central pattern generator. DRI fires th ...
... escape swim circuit of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea that have important roles in behavioral initiation. DRI functions as a command neuron, receiving direct excitatory input from the afferent neurons, and in turn directly exciting the DSI neurons of the central pattern generator. DRI fires th ...
of 17 Keywords A-waves Sometimes called Axon
... Otherwise known as sensory neurons – carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. ...
... Otherwise known as sensory neurons – carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. ...