Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry Counters the
... also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol homeostasis by directly binding and sensing intracellular ...
... also called the OSBP-related protein (ORP) family of oxysterol-binding proteins, may link cholesterol homeostasis, sphingomyelin synthesis, and phospholipid asymmetry (Olkkonen 2004; Raychaudhuri and Prinz 2010). ORPs are implicated in sterol homeostasis by directly binding and sensing intracellular ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... clinical observation. Researchers are currently working on mapping the neural pathways for future use in medical purposes. If the human brain were successfully mapped, many side effects of current treatments could be avoided. Since there are both ethical and practical difficulties with examining the ...
... clinical observation. Researchers are currently working on mapping the neural pathways for future use in medical purposes. If the human brain were successfully mapped, many side effects of current treatments could be avoided. Since there are both ethical and practical difficulties with examining the ...
Restraining influence of A2 neurons in chronic control of arterial
... cardiovascular responses observed. Rats were supplied with normal rat chow and drinking water ad libitum, and kept on a 12 h light–12 h dark cycle in a sound proofed, temperature and humidity controlled room. Water drunk and urine produced were measured daily. A radio-telemetry system (Data Sciences ...
... cardiovascular responses observed. Rats were supplied with normal rat chow and drinking water ad libitum, and kept on a 12 h light–12 h dark cycle in a sound proofed, temperature and humidity controlled room. Water drunk and urine produced were measured daily. A radio-telemetry system (Data Sciences ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... Challenges for Treating Cognitive Disorders Amy F. T. Arnsten, Min Wang, and Constantinos D. Paspalas Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut ...
... Challenges for Treating Cognitive Disorders Amy F. T. Arnsten, Min Wang, and Constantinos D. Paspalas Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
... division (Fig. S2A-E). These results confirmed a high degree of order in the trigeminal peripheral system during prenatal development (Erzurumlu and Killackey, 1983) and supported the validity of our tracing procedure. To investigate the spatial arrangement of whisker-specific central collateral tar ...
3. Connections of the Hypothalamus
... → GH (Growth Hormone), PRF (Prolactin-Releasing Factor) and PIF (Prolactin ReleaseInhibiting Factor=dopamine) → Prolactin, MRF (Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Releasing Factor) and MIF (Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release Inhibiting Factor) → MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone). Hormonal and tra ...
... → GH (Growth Hormone), PRF (Prolactin-Releasing Factor) and PIF (Prolactin ReleaseInhibiting Factor=dopamine) → Prolactin, MRF (Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Releasing Factor) and MIF (Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release Inhibiting Factor) → MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone). Hormonal and tra ...
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... al., 1999; Krull et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1998), mouse knockouts of these molecules failed to exhibit segmentation defects in trunk neural crest migration or subsequent DRG formation (Adams et al., 2001; Davy et al., 2004; Hrabe de Angelis et al., 1997; Kawasaki et al., 2002; Orioli et al., 1996; ...
... al., 1999; Krull et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1998), mouse knockouts of these molecules failed to exhibit segmentation defects in trunk neural crest migration or subsequent DRG formation (Adams et al., 2001; Davy et al., 2004; Hrabe de Angelis et al., 1997; Kawasaki et al., 2002; Orioli et al., 1996; ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... et al., 1999; Mostofi et al., 2010), we observed that nucleocortical MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the ...
... et al., 1999; Mostofi et al., 2010), we observed that nucleocortical MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the ...
Morphological Changes in the Hippocampus Following Nicotine and
... and involved mainly in immunological processes and a neuronal form (nNOS). Although all forms can be found in the CNS, the specific actions on neurotransmission may be attributed primarily to NO produced by nNOS located in neurons. Neuronal NOS is a constitutive enzyme, which is expressed only by a ...
... and involved mainly in immunological processes and a neuronal form (nNOS). Although all forms can be found in the CNS, the specific actions on neurotransmission may be attributed primarily to NO produced by nNOS located in neurons. Neuronal NOS is a constitutive enzyme, which is expressed only by a ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons to their topographic targets (Bulfone et al., 1998). However, it was unclear whether cues present on ...
... localised? Recent analyses of mice with a reduced complement of mitral cells have suggested that these postsynaptic neurons are not involved in the sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons to their topographic targets (Bulfone et al., 1998). However, it was unclear whether cues present on ...
Development and organization of glial cells in the peripheral
... and B to show glial and neuronal organization simultaneously. Neurons indicated as in Fig 1. The L1 nerve (L1) merges (open arrowhead) with the L3 nerve (L3) in the proximity of the GSR and grows proximally where it collects axons from the neurons of the small campaniform sensilla in the hinge regio ...
... and B to show glial and neuronal organization simultaneously. Neurons indicated as in Fig 1. The L1 nerve (L1) merges (open arrowhead) with the L3 nerve (L3) in the proximity of the GSR and grows proximally where it collects axons from the neurons of the small campaniform sensilla in the hinge regio ...
Purves chs. 15, 19 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... motor neuron pools innervating muscles located progressively more laterally in the body. Neurons that innervate the muscles of the shoulders (or pelvis, if one were to look at a similar section in the lumbar enlargement; see Figure 15.2) are the next most lateral group, whereas those that innervate ...
... motor neuron pools innervating muscles located progressively more laterally in the body. Neurons that innervate the muscles of the shoulders (or pelvis, if one were to look at a similar section in the lumbar enlargement; see Figure 15.2) are the next most lateral group, whereas those that innervate ...
HTM Cortical Learning Algorithms
... For example, a region might receive 20,000 input bits. The percentage of input bits that are “1” and “0” might vary significantly over time. One time there might be 5,000 “1” bits and another time there might be 9,000 “1” bits. The HTM region could convert this input into an internal representation ...
... For example, a region might receive 20,000 input bits. The percentage of input bits that are “1” and “0” might vary significantly over time. One time there might be 5,000 “1” bits and another time there might be 9,000 “1” bits. The HTM region could convert this input into an internal representation ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... Recent intracellular recordings from rat RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons in vivo demonstrate that under normal experimental conditions, action potentials in sympathetic premotor neurons invariably arise from depolarizing events with the characteristics of excitatory synaptic inputs (Lipski et al. ...
... Recent intracellular recordings from rat RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons in vivo demonstrate that under normal experimental conditions, action potentials in sympathetic premotor neurons invariably arise from depolarizing events with the characteristics of excitatory synaptic inputs (Lipski et al. ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... Figure 1. Scheme of the predictive coding model for two sounds. For each layer, two subpopulations are modeled that respond respectively to the frequencies of sounds A and B. Prediction error activity in layer 4 is the result of the difference between thalamic inputs and predictive activity arising ...
... Figure 1. Scheme of the predictive coding model for two sounds. For each layer, two subpopulations are modeled that respond respectively to the frequencies of sounds A and B. Prediction error activity in layer 4 is the result of the difference between thalamic inputs and predictive activity arising ...
CHAPTER 13- The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... B) It allows an individual to maintain balance when withdrawing from harm’s way. C) It is contralateral. D) It involves only one spinal segment. E) It is polysynaptic. 43) Which of the following is NOT a reflex typically used for diagnosing neurological disorders? A) patellar reflex B) Babinski sign ...
... B) It allows an individual to maintain balance when withdrawing from harm’s way. C) It is contralateral. D) It involves only one spinal segment. E) It is polysynaptic. 43) Which of the following is NOT a reflex typically used for diagnosing neurological disorders? A) patellar reflex B) Babinski sign ...
Coupling in Networks of Neuronal Oscillators (Spring 2015)
... The goal of this paper is to determine the timing of a Morris-Lecar model neuron’s oscillations relative to the timing of periodic input. We create a phase model for a single Morris-Lecar model neuron that describes how a coupled neuron moves about its natural cycle in phase space as opposed to expl ...
... The goal of this paper is to determine the timing of a Morris-Lecar model neuron’s oscillations relative to the timing of periodic input. We create a phase model for a single Morris-Lecar model neuron that describes how a coupled neuron moves about its natural cycle in phase space as opposed to expl ...
OSBP coupled with ER-resident protein FAN is essential
... RhoGEF domain of CG30456 shares 29% identity and 52% similarity to Kalirin, a RhoGEF in mice. Kalirin has been shown to regulate the maturation of secretory vesicles (FERRARO et al. 2007). Overexpression of the Kalirin GEF domain increases secretion from immature vesicles, while inhibiting its GEF a ...
... RhoGEF domain of CG30456 shares 29% identity and 52% similarity to Kalirin, a RhoGEF in mice. Kalirin has been shown to regulate the maturation of secretory vesicles (FERRARO et al. 2007). Overexpression of the Kalirin GEF domain increases secretion from immature vesicles, while inhibiting its GEF a ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... selection, the most effective valuations are those that improve reproductive success. This prescription for valuation yields a formula for desires or goals: an organism should desire those things deemed most valuable to it. All mobile organisms possess such discriminatory capacities and can rank num ...
... selection, the most effective valuations are those that improve reproductive success. This prescription for valuation yields a formula for desires or goals: an organism should desire those things deemed most valuable to it. All mobile organisms possess such discriminatory capacities and can rank num ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... an exercise factor may be derived from Fndc5 to augment BDNF expression, there may be other factors aside from irisin [54, 55]. Another caveat was that a loss in BDNF induction in response to exercise was not observed in the absence of Fndc5. The results were also confounded by the observation that ...
... an exercise factor may be derived from Fndc5 to augment BDNF expression, there may be other factors aside from irisin [54, 55]. Another caveat was that a loss in BDNF induction in response to exercise was not observed in the absence of Fndc5. The results were also confounded by the observation that ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... located within the circle marked by arrowheads; stained terminal structures are marked by the arrow. Giemsa counterstain; scale bar, 100 m. least 4 hr were allowed for transport. After fixation, brains and slices were sectioned on a cryostat at 60 m, and the biocytin was visualized with a heav y-m ...
... located within the circle marked by arrowheads; stained terminal structures are marked by the arrow. Giemsa counterstain; scale bar, 100 m. least 4 hr were allowed for transport. After fixation, brains and slices were sectioned on a cryostat at 60 m, and the biocytin was visualized with a heav y-m ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... Kindling model: repeated subconvulsive stimuli resulting in electrical afterdischarges • Eventually lead to stimulation-induced clinical seizures • In some cases, lead to spontaneous seizures (epilepsy) • Applicability to human epilepsy uncertain ...
... Kindling model: repeated subconvulsive stimuli resulting in electrical afterdischarges • Eventually lead to stimulation-induced clinical seizures • In some cases, lead to spontaneous seizures (epilepsy) • Applicability to human epilepsy uncertain ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... One confound associated with such an experiment is the implicit assumption that it is acetylcholine release which is critical. In fact, although frequently described as cholinergic neurons, these cells coexpress a variety of neuroactive agents including substance P, corticotropin releasing factor, g ...
... One confound associated with such an experiment is the implicit assumption that it is acetylcholine release which is critical. In fact, although frequently described as cholinergic neurons, these cells coexpress a variety of neuroactive agents including substance P, corticotropin releasing factor, g ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
... review the basic organization of the visual cortex, as this was the first area used to describe the circuit. Very broadly, neurons in the cortex can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory classes, with the former representing the majority of neurons in V1 (Binzegger et al., 2004). While the major ...
... review the basic organization of the visual cortex, as this was the first area used to describe the circuit. Very broadly, neurons in the cortex can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory classes, with the former representing the majority of neurons in V1 (Binzegger et al., 2004). While the major ...