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Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon
... Figure 1 Long fibre tracts in the human body. Efferent axons project from the motor cortex to lower motor neurons in the ventral column of the spinal cord and innervate voluntary muscles. Vice versa, pseudounipolar afferent neurons mediate sensory perception (temperature, touch, pain) by projecting ...
... Figure 1 Long fibre tracts in the human body. Efferent axons project from the motor cortex to lower motor neurons in the ventral column of the spinal cord and innervate voluntary muscles. Vice versa, pseudounipolar afferent neurons mediate sensory perception (temperature, touch, pain) by projecting ...
Is Embryonic Limulus Heart Really Myogenic? Experimental
... vesicle-filled terminal-like areas adjacent to muscle cells are often present as well, even in the youngest beating hearts. Myocardial cells show excitatory postsynaptic potentials as soon as heartbeat has begun, but they often fail to summate in the earlier stages so that contractions are few. Rest ...
... vesicle-filled terminal-like areas adjacent to muscle cells are often present as well, even in the youngest beating hearts. Myocardial cells show excitatory postsynaptic potentials as soon as heartbeat has begun, but they often fail to summate in the earlier stages so that contractions are few. Rest ...
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing
... because even input directly to the tuft has little effect on the apical Ca2+ initiation zone [49,63]. The conceptual breakthrough emerged from the demonstration that the Na+ and Ca2+ spike initiation zones can influence each other [59,69] (Figure 2). This occurs via the apical dendrite that is studd ...
... because even input directly to the tuft has little effect on the apical Ca2+ initiation zone [49,63]. The conceptual breakthrough emerged from the demonstration that the Na+ and Ca2+ spike initiation zones can influence each other [59,69] (Figure 2). This occurs via the apical dendrite that is studd ...
Meninges,Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the spinal cord
... Dorsal (posterior) horns Ventral (anterior)horns Lateral horns (only in thoracic and lumbar regions) ...
... Dorsal (posterior) horns Ventral (anterior)horns Lateral horns (only in thoracic and lumbar regions) ...
Increased Expression of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) in
... of Fluorogold (FG)-labeled NOS-IR pelvic visceral afferent neurons in the L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) ipsilateral A and B, Bright-field (A) and fluorescence (B) photomicrographs of the same DRG section (28 pm) showing NOS-IR (A) and FGlabeled pelvic visceral afferent neurons (B). In A, NOS staining ...
... of Fluorogold (FG)-labeled NOS-IR pelvic visceral afferent neurons in the L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) ipsilateral A and B, Bright-field (A) and fluorescence (B) photomicrographs of the same DRG section (28 pm) showing NOS-IR (A) and FGlabeled pelvic visceral afferent neurons (B). In A, NOS staining ...
Ectodermal Placodes: Contributions to the
... Lateral line placodes The auditory and lateral line systems of fishes and amphibians have traditionally been considered to be two components of a single acousticolateralis system. However, it has been firmly established that these two systems are developmentally and neuroanatomically distinct arisin ...
... Lateral line placodes The auditory and lateral line systems of fishes and amphibians have traditionally been considered to be two components of a single acousticolateralis system. However, it has been firmly established that these two systems are developmentally and neuroanatomically distinct arisin ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... above criteria. The literature on the peripheral system is vast but historical aspects will receive little attention because there is currently general agreement as to the specific functions of lateral line receptors. In the final analysis, regardless of the differential response of the peripheral r ...
... above criteria. The literature on the peripheral system is vast but historical aspects will receive little attention because there is currently general agreement as to the specific functions of lateral line receptors. In the final analysis, regardless of the differential response of the peripheral r ...
Muscle networks: Connectivity analysis of EMG activity during postural control
... Undirected muscle networks. Intermuscular coherence differed between conditions and muscle combinations. In general, coherence was stronger for lower leg muscles and muscle combinations within the same leg segment. For instance, intermuscular coherence was significant for agonists (Fig. 2A) and anta ...
... Undirected muscle networks. Intermuscular coherence differed between conditions and muscle combinations. In general, coherence was stronger for lower leg muscles and muscle combinations within the same leg segment. For instance, intermuscular coherence was significant for agonists (Fig. 2A) and anta ...
aud
... those of the sound wave that is driving it; for example, if the tympanic membrane is excited by a 500 Hz sinusoid, the tympanic membrane will move inward and outward sinusoidally at 500 Hz. In general, the instant-to-instant displacements of the tympanic membrane will mirror the instantaneous air pr ...
... those of the sound wave that is driving it; for example, if the tympanic membrane is excited by a 500 Hz sinusoid, the tympanic membrane will move inward and outward sinusoidally at 500 Hz. In general, the instant-to-instant displacements of the tympanic membrane will mirror the instantaneous air pr ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... and have evolved to transfer information between pairs of neurons efficiently, in a precise, spatially constrained and rapid manner. The strength and time course of this ‘hard-wired’ communication is dependent on the probability of presynaptic transmitter release, the affinity of the postsynaptic re ...
... and have evolved to transfer information between pairs of neurons efficiently, in a precise, spatially constrained and rapid manner. The strength and time course of this ‘hard-wired’ communication is dependent on the probability of presynaptic transmitter release, the affinity of the postsynaptic re ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain or spinal cord. Cranial nerves go through openings in the skull and stimulate regions of the head and neck. Spinal nerves stimulate the rest of the body. The cell bodies of cranial and spinal ...
... The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain or spinal cord. Cranial nerves go through openings in the skull and stimulate regions of the head and neck. Spinal nerves stimulate the rest of the body. The cell bodies of cranial and spinal ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... a cluster of cells that innervate more caudal regions of the ventral respiratory column. The RTN resides approximately at the level of area M, a region of the ventral medullary surface already known for its high pH sensitivity [5,8]. ...
... a cluster of cells that innervate more caudal regions of the ventral respiratory column. The RTN resides approximately at the level of area M, a region of the ventral medullary surface already known for its high pH sensitivity [5,8]. ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... and have evolved to transfer information between pairs of neurons efficiently, in a precise, spatially constrained and rapid manner. The strength and time course of this ‘hard-wired’ communication is dependent on the probability of presynaptic transmitter release, the affinity of the postsynaptic re ...
... and have evolved to transfer information between pairs of neurons efficiently, in a precise, spatially constrained and rapid manner. The strength and time course of this ‘hard-wired’ communication is dependent on the probability of presynaptic transmitter release, the affinity of the postsynaptic re ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Partner B
... based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a constant length, which the brain sets via the motor neurons. This experiment will ...
... based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a constant length, which the brain sets via the motor neurons. This experiment will ...
Fluoxetine and hyperforin appear to act like a
... receptors then relay the signal from the neurotransmitters, called an EPSP, to the rest of the postsynaptic neuron, and release the neurotransmitters back into the cleft. Pumps on the presynaptic neuron become activated when an excess of neurotransmitter ...
... receptors then relay the signal from the neurotransmitters, called an EPSP, to the rest of the postsynaptic neuron, and release the neurotransmitters back into the cleft. Pumps on the presynaptic neuron become activated when an excess of neurotransmitter ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... those of the sound wave that is driving it; for example, if the tympanic membrane is excited by a 500 Hz sinusoid, the tympanic membrane will move inward and outward sinusoidally at 500 Hz. In general, the instant-to-instant displacements of the tympanic membrane will mirror the instantaneous air pr ...
... those of the sound wave that is driving it; for example, if the tympanic membrane is excited by a 500 Hz sinusoid, the tympanic membrane will move inward and outward sinusoidally at 500 Hz. In general, the instant-to-instant displacements of the tympanic membrane will mirror the instantaneous air pr ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... clusters. The pattern of DNs appears to be reasonably conserved: out of 17 groups of DNs defined in the cricket brain, at least 14 had homologs in the cockroach (Okada et al., 2003). These global studies gave little information regarding dendritic arborization in specific brain compartments, or axonal ...
... clusters. The pattern of DNs appears to be reasonably conserved: out of 17 groups of DNs defined in the cricket brain, at least 14 had homologs in the cockroach (Okada et al., 2003). These global studies gave little information regarding dendritic arborization in specific brain compartments, or axonal ...
Neural Coding 2016
... For the special issue in Biological Cybernetics we welcome combined experimental-theoretical contributions and purely theoretical contributions of high quality. We specifically encourage „prospect“-type articles that provide an outlook into future research. Biological Cybernetics has a high reputati ...
... For the special issue in Biological Cybernetics we welcome combined experimental-theoretical contributions and purely theoretical contributions of high quality. We specifically encourage „prospect“-type articles that provide an outlook into future research. Biological Cybernetics has a high reputati ...
Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory at the AIS?
... As a measure to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and to further increase network computation, many of the synaptic inputs to neurons are inhibitory. These inputs ...
... As a measure to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and to further increase network computation, many of the synaptic inputs to neurons are inhibitory. These inputs ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Parter 1
... based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a constant length, which the brain sets via the motor neurons. This experiment will ...
... based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a constant length, which the brain sets via the motor neurons. This experiment will ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... The complexity and simplicity of dopamine neurons Dopamine neurons have a complex organisation and afferent input at level of SNC (normality) The projections of dopamine neurons are extremely complex and massive (complexity) Responses of dopamine neurons are relatively simple and uniform (simpli ...
... The complexity and simplicity of dopamine neurons Dopamine neurons have a complex organisation and afferent input at level of SNC (normality) The projections of dopamine neurons are extremely complex and massive (complexity) Responses of dopamine neurons are relatively simple and uniform (simpli ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... 2000). Postsynaptic GABAB receptors also inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels, thereby, for example, reducing dendritic excitability (Pérez-Garci et al., 2006). Furthermore, GABAB receptors are present on both glutamatergic and GABAergic nerve terminals where their activation causes presynaptic i ...
... 2000). Postsynaptic GABAB receptors also inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels, thereby, for example, reducing dendritic excitability (Pérez-Garci et al., 2006). Furthermore, GABAB receptors are present on both glutamatergic and GABAergic nerve terminals where their activation causes presynaptic i ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... inhibitory effects on others, and complex modulatory effects on others still. Nevertheless, it happens that the two most widely used neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, each have largely consistent effects. Glutamate has several widely occurring types of receptors, but all of them are excitatory ...
... inhibitory effects on others, and complex modulatory effects on others still. Nevertheless, it happens that the two most widely used neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, each have largely consistent effects. Glutamate has several widely occurring types of receptors, but all of them are excitatory ...