![Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003383643_1-744f01d1ea87792f39aec2e4d63176e5-300x300.png)
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... Figure 3. Dark-field photomicrographs of TH (A) and DBH (B) immunoreactivity in the superficial layers of prefrontal cortex of cynomolgus monkey. Note the dense band of TH-labeled fibers in deep layer I and in layer II and the relative paucity of fibers in the superficial portion of layer I. In cont ...
... Figure 3. Dark-field photomicrographs of TH (A) and DBH (B) immunoreactivity in the superficial layers of prefrontal cortex of cynomolgus monkey. Note the dense band of TH-labeled fibers in deep layer I and in layer II and the relative paucity of fibers in the superficial portion of layer I. In cont ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... the MB lobes and is consistent with a role as potential output neurons that pool KC synaptic weights. The genomic fragment used to create the VT1211-GAL4 line (Bidaye et al., 2014) comes from a region that is proximal to the gene for the vesicular glutamate transporter (DVGlut) (Daniels et al., 2008 ...
... the MB lobes and is consistent with a role as potential output neurons that pool KC synaptic weights. The genomic fragment used to create the VT1211-GAL4 line (Bidaye et al., 2014) comes from a region that is proximal to the gene for the vesicular glutamate transporter (DVGlut) (Daniels et al., 2008 ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
... The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... Fig. 3. Types of electrical potentials that can be found in neurons in the snail CNS. (A) The intracellular recordings show spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP), action potential (AP) and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSP). (B) The preparation shows biphasic potentials; the ...
... Fig. 3. Types of electrical potentials that can be found in neurons in the snail CNS. (A) The intracellular recordings show spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP), action potential (AP) and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSP). (B) The preparation shows biphasic potentials; the ...
Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... they undergo both primary dense and neurofilamentous reactions in degeneration, while in the monkey the neurofilamentous reaction is very uncommon. The corticotectal pathway in rat synapses only with small dendrites and dendritic spines, but in both cat and monkey it also forms serial synapses. In d ...
... they undergo both primary dense and neurofilamentous reactions in degeneration, while in the monkey the neurofilamentous reaction is very uncommon. The corticotectal pathway in rat synapses only with small dendrites and dendritic spines, but in both cat and monkey it also forms serial synapses. In d ...
the brainstem control of saccadic eye movements
... the vestibular nucleus discharge tonically at rates that are linearly related to vertical eye position, and provide the excitatory inputs that produce the step change in motor neuron activity. Coordination of horizontal and vertical commands. Many saccades have both horizontal and vertical component ...
... the vestibular nucleus discharge tonically at rates that are linearly related to vertical eye position, and provide the excitatory inputs that produce the step change in motor neuron activity. Coordination of horizontal and vertical commands. Many saccades have both horizontal and vertical component ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
... attenuated and reappeared with the second push phase at the peripheral target. The activity was attenuated again in the third arm movement phase back to the start position, and low spontaneous or no activity prevailed until the first push phase of the next trial. The time course of somatosensory-mot ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
... 10.5 [17] in mice) and they migrate with the extending axons to merge with the developing olfactory bulb where the OECs are restricted to the nerve fibre layer of the olfactory bulb; thus, OECs are in close contact with olfactory axons all the way from the basal olfactory epithelium of the nasal cav ...
... 10.5 [17] in mice) and they migrate with the extending axons to merge with the developing olfactory bulb where the OECs are restricted to the nerve fibre layer of the olfactory bulb; thus, OECs are in close contact with olfactory axons all the way from the basal olfactory epithelium of the nasal cav ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... correlated with morphology. A more detailed analysis is needed to test the hypothesis that cell types are indicated by discharge pattern, and whether functionally de®ned cell types are correlated with other morphological properties such as Nissl pattern, cell body size or shape, dendritic branching, ...
... correlated with morphology. A more detailed analysis is needed to test the hypothesis that cell types are indicated by discharge pattern, and whether functionally de®ned cell types are correlated with other morphological properties such as Nissl pattern, cell body size or shape, dendritic branching, ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... fast spiking interneurons (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, PT neurons may represent a final convergence point for numerous local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Equally important to the connections they make and receive, PT and IT neurons exhibit subpopulation-specific intrinsic electrophys ...
... fast spiking interneurons (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, PT neurons may represent a final convergence point for numerous local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Equally important to the connections they make and receive, PT and IT neurons exhibit subpopulation-specific intrinsic electrophys ...
Inflammation-Induced Gene Expression in Brain and Adrenal Gland Linda Engström
... thirsty, too cold or too warm, central autonomic circuits are activated and initiate appropriate behavioral and physiological responses, which serve to fulfill our basic, life-promoting needs. Perhaps even more obvious as a threat, humankind has during all times been tormented by unpredictable and d ...
... thirsty, too cold or too warm, central autonomic circuits are activated and initiate appropriate behavioral and physiological responses, which serve to fulfill our basic, life-promoting needs. Perhaps even more obvious as a threat, humankind has during all times been tormented by unpredictable and d ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
... inputs within the core. Although dendrites respect the shellcore and patch-matrix boundaries, recurrent axon collaterals may cross these boundaries. Finally, different degrees of overlap between dendritic and axonal arborizations of individual MSN were identified, suggesting various possibilities of ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... layer of the DG and CA regions, the granule cells and pyramidal cells respectively, are organized in a tri-synaptic lamellaire circuit. The granule and pyramidal cells are glutamatergic excitatory. The granule cells elicit unique histological, biochemical, developmental, physio- and pathological fea ...
... layer of the DG and CA regions, the granule cells and pyramidal cells respectively, are organized in a tri-synaptic lamellaire circuit. The granule and pyramidal cells are glutamatergic excitatory. The granule cells elicit unique histological, biochemical, developmental, physio- and pathological fea ...
Extended PDF
... in vitro recapitulate the sequential production of neuronal types as observed in vivo (Eiraku et al., 2008; Gaspard et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2006). A number of neuronal type-specific transcription factors are already expressed in progenitors during early neocortical development (Greig et al., 2013 ...
... in vitro recapitulate the sequential production of neuronal types as observed in vivo (Eiraku et al., 2008; Gaspard et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2006). A number of neuronal type-specific transcription factors are already expressed in progenitors during early neocortical development (Greig et al., 2013 ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... Seven adult cats of both sexes (body weight 2–5 kg) were used. Use of these cats was approved by French Ministry of Agriculture and followed the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. To increase the intraneuronal 5-HT content, two animals were pharmacologically pretreated by int ...
... Seven adult cats of both sexes (body weight 2–5 kg) were used. Use of these cats was approved by French Ministry of Agriculture and followed the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. To increase the intraneuronal 5-HT content, two animals were pharmacologically pretreated by int ...
Dexterous Finger Movements in Primate Without Monosynaptic
... morsel allowing a precision grip by flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger and opposing movement of the thumb (Fig. 4A). Compared with the preoperative movement, it was common that the digits slipped during removal presumably due to low grip force so that more than one att ...
... morsel allowing a precision grip by flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger and opposing movement of the thumb (Fig. 4A). Compared with the preoperative movement, it was common that the digits slipped during removal presumably due to low grip force so that more than one att ...
Document
... EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from the Pentagon for research into creating intelligent computers. The Blue Brain project is being conduc ...
... EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from the Pentagon for research into creating intelligent computers. The Blue Brain project is being conduc ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... neuron. The flowchart implements a three-layer model of dendritic processing (see Häusser & Mel 2003) to integrate the input. The way such a flowchart is mapped onto the real geometry of a cortical pyramidal neuron (right panel ) remains unknown. ...
... neuron. The flowchart implements a three-layer model of dendritic processing (see Häusser & Mel 2003) to integrate the input. The way such a flowchart is mapped onto the real geometry of a cortical pyramidal neuron (right panel ) remains unknown. ...
hormonal control of cell form and number
... dose of steroid (micrograms/gm of body weight/day) delivered by each type of hormone implant as a function of the chick’s age. Abbreviations in the figure are explained in Table I. Details of the care of chicks were given previously (Gurney and Konishi, 1980; Gurney, 1981). On the day of hatching, e ...
... dose of steroid (micrograms/gm of body weight/day) delivered by each type of hormone implant as a function of the chick’s age. Abbreviations in the figure are explained in Table I. Details of the care of chicks were given previously (Gurney and Konishi, 1980; Gurney, 1981). On the day of hatching, e ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... our understanding of how newborn neurons reach their final positions in the developing cerebral cortex. The migratory routes and modes of migration are more diverse and complex than previously thought. The finding that cortical interneurons migrate to the cortex from origins in the ventral telenceph ...
... our understanding of how newborn neurons reach their final positions in the developing cerebral cortex. The migratory routes and modes of migration are more diverse and complex than previously thought. The finding that cortical interneurons migrate to the cortex from origins in the ventral telenceph ...
Lab 10 – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue
... neurons are generally considered the “functional” cells of nervous tissue as they – unlike neuroglial cells – are capable of impulse conduction and synthesis of neurotransmitters; they can vary greatly in size and shape based upon location and function (e.g., sensory, motor, or interneuron); however ...
... neurons are generally considered the “functional” cells of nervous tissue as they – unlike neuroglial cells – are capable of impulse conduction and synthesis of neurotransmitters; they can vary greatly in size and shape based upon location and function (e.g., sensory, motor, or interneuron); however ...
A STUDY OF PRO- AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE FACTORS IN A MODEL... ASSOCIATED VISCERAL PAIN by Jessica Rose Benson
... terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse models of colitis were established and substance P (SP; marker of nociceptor ...
... terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse models of colitis were established and substance P (SP; marker of nociceptor ...