A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis
... processes that generate the neural cells and regulate their differentiation. In order to understand the causes and sequence of evolutionary variations, Volker Hartenstein and I, in a recent review [1], compared early neurogenesis across the animal kingdom by subdividing the developmental processes o ...
... processes that generate the neural cells and regulate their differentiation. In order to understand the causes and sequence of evolutionary variations, Volker Hartenstein and I, in a recent review [1], compared early neurogenesis across the animal kingdom by subdividing the developmental processes o ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... memory impairments that occur in nonhuman primates. Such experiments will prove essential for the design of strategies for use of tropic factors in human diseases associated with degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. ...
... memory impairments that occur in nonhuman primates. Such experiments will prove essential for the design of strategies for use of tropic factors in human diseases associated with degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... and arcuate nuclei. The staining techniques have revealed NOS activity in the neuronal perikarya and processes, indicating that NO produced in the neuron may be released by the entire cell surface, including the neurosecretory terminals of the hypothalamic neurosecretory pathways [71]. Indeed, occur ...
... and arcuate nuclei. The staining techniques have revealed NOS activity in the neuronal perikarya and processes, indicating that NO produced in the neuron may be released by the entire cell surface, including the neurosecretory terminals of the hypothalamic neurosecretory pathways [71]. Indeed, occur ...
CNS Distribution of Members of the Two-Pore
... these channels and their rather nondescript properties are suggestive of an invariant background role in cellular function. However, these channels appear to represent important loci for modulation of neuronal output as a result of the actions of a host of endogenous and exogenous agents (for review ...
... these channels and their rather nondescript properties are suggestive of an invariant background role in cellular function. However, these channels appear to represent important loci for modulation of neuronal output as a result of the actions of a host of endogenous and exogenous agents (for review ...
Nerve activates contraction
... 2 Vesicle Transmitting neuron fuses with 4 Neurotransplasma 3 Neurotrans- mitter binds membrane. to receptor mitter is on receiving released into synaptic cleft. neuron's membrane. ...
... 2 Vesicle Transmitting neuron fuses with 4 Neurotransplasma 3 Neurotrans- mitter binds membrane. to receptor mitter is on receiving released into synaptic cleft. neuron's membrane. ...
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... Given the discordance between the Ntn1−/− and Unc5c−/− trochlear nerve phenotypes, we investigated whether other Unc5-mediated activities might also be independent of Ntn1. We first examined projections from spinal accessory motor neurons (SACMNs), which showed variable defects in dorsal migration a ...
... Given the discordance between the Ntn1−/− and Unc5c−/− trochlear nerve phenotypes, we investigated whether other Unc5-mediated activities might also be independent of Ntn1. We first examined projections from spinal accessory motor neurons (SACMNs), which showed variable defects in dorsal migration a ...
The Spinal Nerve
... 13-1 Describe the basic structural and organizational characteristics of the nervous system. 13-2 Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord, and describe the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system. 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in proces ...
... 13-1 Describe the basic structural and organizational characteristics of the nervous system. 13-2 Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord, and describe the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system. 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in proces ...
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... Module 15.1: Olfaction • Odorants • Generally small organic molecules • Strongest smells associated with molecules with either high water or lipid solubilities • As few as four odorant molecules can activate receptor ...
... Module 15.1: Olfaction • Odorants • Generally small organic molecules • Strongest smells associated with molecules with either high water or lipid solubilities • As few as four odorant molecules can activate receptor ...
Olfactory System Anatomy
... odors, which can be performed at the bedside with odiferous substances such as coffee, lemon, and peppermint. Tests, including those developed at the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC), have aided examiners in the identification of abnormalities in odor detection and discrimin ...
... odors, which can be performed at the bedside with odiferous substances such as coffee, lemon, and peppermint. Tests, including those developed at the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC), have aided examiners in the identification of abnormalities in odor detection and discrimin ...
- White Rose Research Online
... challenging, so quantitative data on the inputs and outputs of a single neuron are often incomplete or absent, while many published values are rough estimates. One way around this problem is to use reconstructions of stained dendrites and axons as guides [30]. Recent approaches test for appositions ...
... challenging, so quantitative data on the inputs and outputs of a single neuron are often incomplete or absent, while many published values are rough estimates. One way around this problem is to use reconstructions of stained dendrites and axons as guides [30]. Recent approaches test for appositions ...
A Split-LexA-based Concatenate Expression System for
... expression of the yeast transcription factor Gal4, which binds to the "Upstream Activating Sequence" (UAS) through its DNA binding domain (DBD) activating transcription of a downstream transgene through its activation domain (AD). In the LexA::VP16/LexAop system, a promoter/enhancer (P) drives the e ...
... expression of the yeast transcription factor Gal4, which binds to the "Upstream Activating Sequence" (UAS) through its DNA binding domain (DBD) activating transcription of a downstream transgene through its activation domain (AD). In the LexA::VP16/LexAop system, a promoter/enhancer (P) drives the e ...
the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... arising from the lateral surface of the brain, about midway along its length, and innervating the paired nuchal organs which lie at the posteralateral margins of the prostomium; 1 pair of circumoesophageal connectives. In Nephtys, the stomatogastric system arises from the circumoesophageal connectiv ...
... arising from the lateral surface of the brain, about midway along its length, and innervating the paired nuchal organs which lie at the posteralateral margins of the prostomium; 1 pair of circumoesophageal connectives. In Nephtys, the stomatogastric system arises from the circumoesophageal connectiv ...
Raven Ch
... 4. Describe the steps required to produce an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). How would these differ at an inhibitory synapse? Answer— Action potential arrives at the end of the axon. Ca2+ channels open. Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the axon membrane at the synapse. Synaptic v ...
... 4. Describe the steps required to produce an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). How would these differ at an inhibitory synapse? Answer— Action potential arrives at the end of the axon. Ca2+ channels open. Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the axon membrane at the synapse. Synaptic v ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... the existing pharmacologic characterization of nicotinic-receptor subtypes (Fig. 1.2). Future experiments using mice ...
... the existing pharmacologic characterization of nicotinic-receptor subtypes (Fig. 1.2). Future experiments using mice ...
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... 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also sect. III) but are also present at significant densities in a variety of periphera ...
... 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also sect. III) but are also present at significant densities in a variety of periphera ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... To restrict our analysis specifically to VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decar ...
... To restrict our analysis specifically to VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decar ...
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... neurons supplying the SO in the Australian brush tailed possum have been investigated also by Simula et al. (1997). These authors have also applied retrograde tracing method with the use of a fluorescent tracer DiI (administered to the distal SO circular muscle) in combination with immunohistochemis ...
... neurons supplying the SO in the Australian brush tailed possum have been investigated also by Simula et al. (1997). These authors have also applied retrograde tracing method with the use of a fluorescent tracer DiI (administered to the distal SO circular muscle) in combination with immunohistochemis ...
Hearing, I: The Cochlea - American Journal of Neuroradiology
... the round window by otosclerotic plaques may render prosthetic stapedectomy ineffective because of the incompressible nature of the labyrinthine fluid. It is interesting that the entire fluid volume of the perilymphatic spaces of the inner ear is only 0.2 mL, yet without it hearing would not be poss ...
... the round window by otosclerotic plaques may render prosthetic stapedectomy ineffective because of the incompressible nature of the labyrinthine fluid. It is interesting that the entire fluid volume of the perilymphatic spaces of the inner ear is only 0.2 mL, yet without it hearing would not be poss ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... hippocampal cultures derived from these 5xFAD animals and their wild type littermates showed similar cell density and cell survival after 12 days in vitro (DIV) (Supplementary Figure 1 in Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4145708). These cultures were transfec ...
... hippocampal cultures derived from these 5xFAD animals and their wild type littermates showed similar cell density and cell survival after 12 days in vitro (DIV) (Supplementary Figure 1 in Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4145708). These cultures were transfec ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... Study of the giant squid axon, measurement of the membrane potential under different stimulation currents + ionic channels hypothesis. ...
... Study of the giant squid axon, measurement of the membrane potential under different stimulation currents + ionic channels hypothesis. ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid
... We have evaluated the presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors, FAAH, MAGL, DAGL␣, DAGL, and NAPE-PLD in the adult rat cerebellum by immunohistochemistry. Manipulation of animals was in accordance with the European Communities Council Directives (86/609/EEC) on the treatment of experimental animals. Adult ...
... We have evaluated the presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors, FAAH, MAGL, DAGL␣, DAGL, and NAPE-PLD in the adult rat cerebellum by immunohistochemistry. Manipulation of animals was in accordance with the European Communities Council Directives (86/609/EEC) on the treatment of experimental animals. Adult ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... These results indicate that tenascin-R is essential for ECM proteoglycans to form the lattice-like structure (Weber et al. 1999, Haunso et al. 2000). It appears that precise timing of the CS proteoglycans expression seems to be specific for both cortical areas and particular cortical layers. For exa ...
... These results indicate that tenascin-R is essential for ECM proteoglycans to form the lattice-like structure (Weber et al. 1999, Haunso et al. 2000). It appears that precise timing of the CS proteoglycans expression seems to be specific for both cortical areas and particular cortical layers. For exa ...
Synaptic Inputs to Stellate Cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
... cochlear nuclear complex. 1) Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were blocked by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline2,3-dione (DNQX), an antagonist of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, probably reflected activation by auditory nerve fibers. Electrophysiologic ...
... cochlear nuclear complex. 1) Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were blocked by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline2,3-dione (DNQX), an antagonist of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, probably reflected activation by auditory nerve fibers. Electrophysiologic ...