A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... stimulating current spread to other nuclei or if they activated fibers of passage antidromically. It seems quite possible that the axons that were stimulated could have been passing through the region of the proposed VMpo nucleus on the way to the Po, VPI, or VPL nuclei. These possibilities are diff ...
... stimulating current spread to other nuclei or if they activated fibers of passage antidromically. It seems quite possible that the axons that were stimulated could have been passing through the region of the proposed VMpo nucleus on the way to the Po, VPI, or VPL nuclei. These possibilities are diff ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... nervous system. Studies of the visual system in particular have shown that several mechanisms are used during development to guide axons to their appropriate targets.(1) The early wiring of the brain appears to be determined genetically during embryonic life by using a variety of attractant and repe ...
... nervous system. Studies of the visual system in particular have shown that several mechanisms are used during development to guide axons to their appropriate targets.(1) The early wiring of the brain appears to be determined genetically during embryonic life by using a variety of attractant and repe ...
Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels in the CNS
... using the sulfatide-deficient mouse model (this mutant displays disruption of paranodal axoglial junctions). The initial switching of Nav1.2 to Nav1.6 in the optic nerve was observed using Anti-Nav1.6 antibody. However, the number of Nav1.2-positive clusters was significantly higher than in wild-typ ...
... using the sulfatide-deficient mouse model (this mutant displays disruption of paranodal axoglial junctions). The initial switching of Nav1.2 to Nav1.6 in the optic nerve was observed using Anti-Nav1.6 antibody. However, the number of Nav1.2-positive clusters was significantly higher than in wild-typ ...
Confidence-Related Decision Making
... decision. Noise resulting from the random spiking times of individual neurons makes the decision making probabilistic. We also show that a second attractor network can make decisions based on the confidence in the first decision. This system is supported by and accounts for neuronal responses record ...
... decision. Noise resulting from the random spiking times of individual neurons makes the decision making probabilistic. We also show that a second attractor network can make decisions based on the confidence in the first decision. This system is supported by and accounts for neuronal responses record ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... Slit and Netrin and their respective neuronal receptors play critical roles in patterning axonal connections in the developing nervous system by regulating the decision of whether or not to cross the midline. Studies of both invertebrate and vertebrate systems support the idea that Netrin, secreted ...
... Slit and Netrin and their respective neuronal receptors play critical roles in patterning axonal connections in the developing nervous system by regulating the decision of whether or not to cross the midline. Studies of both invertebrate and vertebrate systems support the idea that Netrin, secreted ...
Controlling gene expression with the Q repressible binary
... carrying both transgenes consistently showed robust expression of GFP in VA12 and DA9 neurons (100%, 120/120), reflecting the promoter activity of Pmig-13 (Fig. 4h–j). In addition, when QS driven by the unc-4c promoter (expressed in all DA neurons including DA9) was introduced into this strain, the ...
... carrying both transgenes consistently showed robust expression of GFP in VA12 and DA9 neurons (100%, 120/120), reflecting the promoter activity of Pmig-13 (Fig. 4h–j). In addition, when QS driven by the unc-4c promoter (expressed in all DA neurons including DA9) was introduced into this strain, the ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... There is no stressor that impacts the organism by only one mode of action (Figure 3). In animal research, the stressors used are mixed, and they affect multiple systems. This is an important fact that should be kept in mind when studying stress. Despite this, evidence that the responses of organisms ...
... There is no stressor that impacts the organism by only one mode of action (Figure 3). In animal research, the stressors used are mixed, and they affect multiple systems. This is an important fact that should be kept in mind when studying stress. Despite this, evidence that the responses of organisms ...
full program with abstracts
... Defective synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) contributes to motor neuron disease. However, our understanding of the regulation of synaptic transmission remains incomplete. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 420 candidate synaptic regulators that may play an essenti ...
... Defective synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) contributes to motor neuron disease. However, our understanding of the regulation of synaptic transmission remains incomplete. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 420 candidate synaptic regulators that may play an essenti ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... spatial variables such as straight paths and bell-shaped velocity profiles (Abend et al. 1982; Morasso 1981), so it is conceivable that the motor cortex employs spatial trajectory information directly. We show here that the EOMs for reaching based on the spatial positions of limbs in Cartesian coord ...
... spatial variables such as straight paths and bell-shaped velocity profiles (Abend et al. 1982; Morasso 1981), so it is conceivable that the motor cortex employs spatial trajectory information directly. We show here that the EOMs for reaching based on the spatial positions of limbs in Cartesian coord ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the meninges and explain their purposes. • Describe how the capill ...
... • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the diencephalon, or interbrain. • Describe the location, structures, and functions of the brain stem. • Explain the role of the cerebellum. • Identify the membranes that comprise the meninges and explain their purposes. • Describe how the capill ...
16-2 The Sympathetic Division
... • Form branching networks of telodendria instead of synaptic terminals • Telodendria form sympathetic varicosities • Resemble string of pearls • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes • Membrane rec ...
... • Form branching networks of telodendria instead of synaptic terminals • Telodendria form sympathetic varicosities • Resemble string of pearls • Swollen segment packed with neurotransmitter vesicles • Pass along or near surface of effector cells • No specialized postsynaptic membranes • Membrane rec ...
Neuropeptidergic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in
... while the geniculate complex is greatly reduced in size in Spalax [16] and the putative IGL region contains relatively few NPY cells (personal unpublished observations). The presence of NPY cells in the geniculate complex and NPY fibers in the SCN argues in favor of the presence of a geniculo-hypoth ...
... while the geniculate complex is greatly reduced in size in Spalax [16] and the putative IGL region contains relatively few NPY cells (personal unpublished observations). The presence of NPY cells in the geniculate complex and NPY fibers in the SCN argues in favor of the presence of a geniculo-hypoth ...
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... migrates, it leaves behind a trailing axon, and these collectively exit the neural tube at r4 to innervate pharyngeal arch II (Chandrasekhar, 2004). The trailing axon laid down by the first FBMN to migrate could serve as a guide for subsequent FBMNs to follow. Second, FBMNs migrate in close proximit ...
... migrates, it leaves behind a trailing axon, and these collectively exit the neural tube at r4 to innervate pharyngeal arch II (Chandrasekhar, 2004). The trailing axon laid down by the first FBMN to migrate could serve as a guide for subsequent FBMNs to follow. Second, FBMNs migrate in close proximit ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that chemokines and their receptors mediate cellular communication in the CNS (MélikParsadaniantz and Rostène, 2008; Mithal et al., 201 ...
... in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that chemokines and their receptors mediate cellular communication in the CNS (MélikParsadaniantz and Rostène, 2008; Mithal et al., 201 ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... (Kleinschmidt et al., 1987). It is not clear whether the effect of APV in these cases is confined to blocking a mechanism necessary for plasticity, or blocking a more fundamental function such as normal sensory processing. Procedures which produce a general depressant effect on activity in the visua ...
... (Kleinschmidt et al., 1987). It is not clear whether the effect of APV in these cases is confined to blocking a mechanism necessary for plasticity, or blocking a more fundamental function such as normal sensory processing. Procedures which produce a general depressant effect on activity in the visua ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... for stable firing (Fransen et al., 2002; Fransen et al., 2006), linearly growing firing (Durstewitz, 2003), and firing during an interval of learned duration (Shouval and Gavornik, 2011). Here, we propose a simple model for exponentially decaying after-discharge firing that depends on CAN current. ...
... for stable firing (Fransen et al., 2002; Fransen et al., 2006), linearly growing firing (Durstewitz, 2003), and firing during an interval of learned duration (Shouval and Gavornik, 2011). Here, we propose a simple model for exponentially decaying after-discharge firing that depends on CAN current. ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants in the boxes a–z, aa–az, ba– bz, and ca– cr chest movement with a strain gauge (TR-651T; are listed in the supplemental Figures 1 and 2 (available at www.jneurosci.org as suppl ...
... continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants in the boxes a–z, aa–az, ba– bz, and ca– cr chest movement with a strain gauge (TR-651T; are listed in the supplemental Figures 1 and 2 (available at www.jneurosci.org as suppl ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... and movements. Here, then, is a second general feature: focusing on only the initial or most prominent elicited movement was more revealing of somatotopic order, whereas attending to all the movements elicited by stimulation at each point suggested more extensive convergence and overlap (Beevor and ...
... and movements. Here, then, is a second general feature: focusing on only the initial or most prominent elicited movement was more revealing of somatotopic order, whereas attending to all the movements elicited by stimulation at each point suggested more extensive convergence and overlap (Beevor and ...
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... To explore further the biological functions of proNGF in the developing PNS, we studied the effects of a cleavage-resistant form of proNGF on two well-characterised populations of NGFdependent neurons cultured at stages throughout late fetal and early postnatal development. The neurons of the trigem ...
... To explore further the biological functions of proNGF in the developing PNS, we studied the effects of a cleavage-resistant form of proNGF on two well-characterised populations of NGFdependent neurons cultured at stages throughout late fetal and early postnatal development. The neurons of the trigem ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... (from FS neurons) to L4 excitatory neurons is delayed by approximately 0.5 ms with respect to ...
... (from FS neurons) to L4 excitatory neurons is delayed by approximately 0.5 ms with respect to ...
Zoology 242 Anatomy of Nervous systems Lecture 8
... Autonomic Nervous System • 3 major divisions described by John Langley (18521925). – Enteric – Parasympathetic – Sympathetic ...
... Autonomic Nervous System • 3 major divisions described by John Langley (18521925). – Enteric – Parasympathetic – Sympathetic ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... innervates area X, a basal ganglia homolog within the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP). The AFP, which is essential to juvenile and adult audition-dependent vocal plasticity (Bottjer et al., 1984; Scharff and Nottebohm, 1991; Brainard and Doupe, 2000) and may facilitate song perception (Scharff et a ...
... innervates area X, a basal ganglia homolog within the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP). The AFP, which is essential to juvenile and adult audition-dependent vocal plasticity (Bottjer et al., 1984; Scharff and Nottebohm, 1991; Brainard and Doupe, 2000) and may facilitate song perception (Scharff et a ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Inflammatory and Degenerative Brain
... COX-2 expression should be more correctly regarded as ‘‘dynamically’’ regulated since it is dependent on normal synaptic activity, is rapidly increased during seizures or ischemia, and is downregulated by glucocorticoids (6). The dependence of COX-2 expression on natural excitatory synaptic activity ...
... COX-2 expression should be more correctly regarded as ‘‘dynamically’’ regulated since it is dependent on normal synaptic activity, is rapidly increased during seizures or ischemia, and is downregulated by glucocorticoids (6). The dependence of COX-2 expression on natural excitatory synaptic activity ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... “noise” from the newly formed synaptic connections. ...
... “noise” from the newly formed synaptic connections. ...