Test Bank 1
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently b. receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus c. provide a place for neural respiration and cell metabolism to occur d. provide a soft ...
... 25. The primary purpose of the myelin sheath is to ________. a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently b. receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus c. provide a place for neural respiration and cell metabolism to occur d. provide a soft ...
Organization of the Olfactory and Respiratory Skeleton in the Nose
... and two ectoturbinals. Geometry of the ethmoid increases respiratory mucosal surface area by a factor of six and olfactory mucosal surface by nearly an order of magnitude. Respiratory epithelium warms and humidifies inspired air, recovers moisture as air is exhaled, and may help mediate brain temper ...
... and two ectoturbinals. Geometry of the ethmoid increases respiratory mucosal surface area by a factor of six and olfactory mucosal surface by nearly an order of magnitude. Respiratory epithelium warms and humidifies inspired air, recovers moisture as air is exhaled, and may help mediate brain temper ...
Myelin and White Matter
... number of axons, which are ensheathed with myelin, which is responsible for the white color. Besides myelinated axons, white matter contains many cells of the neuroglia type, but no cell bodies of neurons. The axons it contains originate from neuronal cell bodies in gray matter structures. There are ...
... number of axons, which are ensheathed with myelin, which is responsible for the white color. Besides myelinated axons, white matter contains many cells of the neuroglia type, but no cell bodies of neurons. The axons it contains originate from neuronal cell bodies in gray matter structures. There are ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the major protein component is subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase (Hall et al., 1991; Kominami et al., 1992; Palmer et al., 1992). In ...
... that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the major protein component is subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase (Hall et al., 1991; Kominami et al., 1992; Palmer et al., 1992). In ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... acute studies with internal controls are more common. Within this chapter we intend to be selective and report scientific evidence that has appropriate controls and achieves statistical significance. Other categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal i ...
... acute studies with internal controls are more common. Within this chapter we intend to be selective and report scientific evidence that has appropriate controls and achieves statistical significance. Other categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal i ...
NIH Public Access
... transition. A number of cyclosporine A analogues have been developed that are more potent against the permeability transition while being less active as immuno-suppressants and calcineurin inhibitors [48-51] and can therefore provide less ambiguous information on the permeability transition in intac ...
... transition. A number of cyclosporine A analogues have been developed that are more potent against the permeability transition while being less active as immuno-suppressants and calcineurin inhibitors [48-51] and can therefore provide less ambiguous information on the permeability transition in intac ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to ...
... Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to ...
- Wiley Online Library
... population defined here as RTN also exists. For example, a subgroup (45%) of RTN neurons express galanin in rats (Stornetta et al. 2009). Although all RTN neurons examined so far have some type of respiratory modulation (Fig. 3C), this modulation comes in several patterns suggesting that RTN neuron ...
... population defined here as RTN also exists. For example, a subgroup (45%) of RTN neurons express galanin in rats (Stornetta et al. 2009). Although all RTN neurons examined so far have some type of respiratory modulation (Fig. 3C), this modulation comes in several patterns suggesting that RTN neuron ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... the cortical network (Cx), the BG, and the SC. The Cx performs evidence accumulation, as observed, for example, in the lateral intraparietal area and frontal eye field, and is described in previous work (Wang, 2002). The present model extends an earlier one (Lo and Wang, 2006) by including the indir ...
... the cortical network (Cx), the BG, and the SC. The Cx performs evidence accumulation, as observed, for example, in the lateral intraparietal area and frontal eye field, and is described in previous work (Wang, 2002). The present model extends an earlier one (Lo and Wang, 2006) by including the indir ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... The recognition that the distinct layers of the entorhinal cortex convey different types of information to the CA3 and CA1 regions (Sargolini et al., 2006; Moser et al., 2008), led to more careful physiological investigations of these regions of the hippocampus. Indeed, several recent experiments sp ...
... The recognition that the distinct layers of the entorhinal cortex convey different types of information to the CA3 and CA1 regions (Sargolini et al., 2006; Moser et al., 2008), led to more careful physiological investigations of these regions of the hippocampus. Indeed, several recent experiments sp ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... valved in phasic (orienting) and tonic (head position) function does not follow the subdivision into epaxial and hypaxial muscles, but motoneurons innervating phasic muscles are always located lateral to the motoneurons innervating tonic muscles (Fig. 1). Such a functional subdivision is important, ...
... valved in phasic (orienting) and tonic (head position) function does not follow the subdivision into epaxial and hypaxial muscles, but motoneurons innervating phasic muscles are always located lateral to the motoneurons innervating tonic muscles (Fig. 1). Such a functional subdivision is important, ...
MUSCULOSKELETAL BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF BRACHIAL
... Figure I-IV. An example of the conversion of the biceps muscle tensile force to joint moment at the elbow. .................................................................................................. 9 Figure I-V. Force response of muscle fiber from a rabbit tibialis anterior muscle to differe ...
... Figure I-IV. An example of the conversion of the biceps muscle tensile force to joint moment at the elbow. .................................................................................................. 9 Figure I-V. Force response of muscle fiber from a rabbit tibialis anterior muscle to differe ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5018-10.2011 Copyright © 2011 the authors 0270-6474/11/319147-12$15.00/0 ...
... DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5018-10.2011 Copyright © 2011 the authors 0270-6474/11/319147-12$15.00/0 ...
Fein A (2012) Nociceptors and the Perception of Pain.
... synaptic membrane potential. Therefore, by recording the variation of the membrane potential at the synapse, the nociceptor output could be indirectly surmised. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is technically difficult, if not impossible to record intracellularly from a synaptic terminal. The vast m ...
... synaptic membrane potential. Therefore, by recording the variation of the membrane potential at the synapse, the nociceptor output could be indirectly surmised. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is technically difficult, if not impossible to record intracellularly from a synaptic terminal. The vast m ...
JAMA SIDS
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons in vivo with simulations using the same cells’ reconstructions. The model accurately reproduces both the waveform and the amplitude of the ...
... source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons in vivo with simulations using the same cells’ reconstructions. The model accurately reproduces both the waveform and the amplitude of the ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
... in odor discrimination of closely related molecules, including stereoisomers. However, the discrimination of dissimilar molecules, social odors (e.g., urine) and novel object recognition was not affected. In addition the KO mice showed impaired learning in an associative odor-learning task, learning ...
... in odor discrimination of closely related molecules, including stereoisomers. However, the discrimination of dissimilar molecules, social odors (e.g., urine) and novel object recognition was not affected. In addition the KO mice showed impaired learning in an associative odor-learning task, learning ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... 1995) which are involved in the rewarding effects of nicotine. These behavioral abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be conside ...
... 1995) which are involved in the rewarding effects of nicotine. These behavioral abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be conside ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... an animal is occluded during a critical period of development, that eye loses most of its ability to drive neurons in primary visual cortex, shifting the distribution of visual responses to favor the nondeprived eye (Wiesel and Hubel, 1963). Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of the neurot ...
... an animal is occluded during a critical period of development, that eye loses most of its ability to drive neurons in primary visual cortex, shifting the distribution of visual responses to favor the nondeprived eye (Wiesel and Hubel, 1963). Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of the neurot ...