Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... “stays” in the peripheral auditory system, but under the dependency of other molecular pathways, (2) by passing time, tinnitus progressively recruits several anatomical structures in auditory (the peripheral and central auditory systems) and non-auditory (the limbic system and higher order brain str ...
... “stays” in the peripheral auditory system, but under the dependency of other molecular pathways, (2) by passing time, tinnitus progressively recruits several anatomical structures in auditory (the peripheral and central auditory systems) and non-auditory (the limbic system and higher order brain str ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
... hear them. They affect our body through all sensory systems, but there is not a specific receptor that would capture the particular motivational properties of rewards. As reward functions cannot be explained by object properties alone, physics and chemistry are only of limited help, and we cannot in ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... These studies compare neurotransmitter localization and the behavioral functions of homologous neurons in nudibranch molluscs to determine the types of changes that might underlie the evolution of species-specific behaviors. Serotonin (5-HT) immunohistochemistry in eleven nudibranch species indicate ...
... These studies compare neurotransmitter localization and the behavioral functions of homologous neurons in nudibranch molluscs to determine the types of changes that might underlie the evolution of species-specific behaviors. Serotonin (5-HT) immunohistochemistry in eleven nudibranch species indicate ...
1 - Test Bank
... a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus c. provide a place for neural ...
... a. insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently Correct: The myelin sheath protects and insulates the neuron, and helps to speed up the process of neural communication. b. receive messages from outside the neuron and carry them to the cell nucleus c. provide a place for neural ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... cells, receive their major excitatory input from the cortex and the thalamus and project to both segments of the globus pallidus and SNr. In addition their axons give rise to a local collateral arborization, which contact other spiny neurons (8). Other striatal neurons are the small GABAergic intern ...
... cells, receive their major excitatory input from the cortex and the thalamus and project to both segments of the globus pallidus and SNr. In addition their axons give rise to a local collateral arborization, which contact other spiny neurons (8). Other striatal neurons are the small GABAergic intern ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... change occurs for the standard stimuli as well and is associated with an N1 response. The second change is the change in some feature of the deviant stimulus from a preceding stimulus. This change occurs by itself if the stimulus is continuously on and just momentarily changes. For example, a contin ...
... change occurs for the standard stimuli as well and is associated with an N1 response. The second change is the change in some feature of the deviant stimulus from a preceding stimulus. This change occurs by itself if the stimulus is continuously on and just momentarily changes. For example, a contin ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... stimulus compound (elemental processing, e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Rescorla, 1972, 1973) or treat a compound as an entity different from its elements (configural processing, e.g. Pearce, 1987, 1994) has been the subject of intensive debate both within and across sensory modalities. Within modalit ...
... stimulus compound (elemental processing, e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Rescorla, 1972, 1973) or treat a compound as an entity different from its elements (configural processing, e.g. Pearce, 1987, 1994) has been the subject of intensive debate both within and across sensory modalities. Within modalit ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... Diego (UCSD) and the Director of Telemental Health at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System (VASDHS). My research focuses on the interface between interoception, i.e. the processing of sensory information coming from the inside of the body, and decision-making, i.e. how to process prefer ...
... Diego (UCSD) and the Director of Telemental Health at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System (VASDHS). My research focuses on the interface between interoception, i.e. the processing of sensory information coming from the inside of the body, and decision-making, i.e. how to process prefer ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to movies, visual noise and gratings, we found that stimulus-dependent responses, called “signal ...
... direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to movies, visual noise and gratings, we found that stimulus-dependent responses, called “signal ...
to the Proceedings
... interconnected areas packed with face cells, each tuned to a different dimension of facial information, provides us with a unique model system to understand the computational principles and neural mechanisms of high-level visual object recognition. Yet among objects faces are special: faces are more ...
... interconnected areas packed with face cells, each tuned to a different dimension of facial information, provides us with a unique model system to understand the computational principles and neural mechanisms of high-level visual object recognition. Yet among objects faces are special: faces are more ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... This chapter provides a brief introduction and history on cortical minicolumns. The idea of minicolumns was first introduced by Mountcastle in 1969. However, in 1993, through 2-DG experiments, Tommerdahl et al. were the first to show that minicolumns were not just cortical structures, but were funct ...
... This chapter provides a brief introduction and history on cortical minicolumns. The idea of minicolumns was first introduced by Mountcastle in 1969. However, in 1993, through 2-DG experiments, Tommerdahl et al. were the first to show that minicolumns were not just cortical structures, but were funct ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... anterior regions and sparing of VTA adjoined SNc. There were six and eight animals with acceptable lesions to both CeA and VTA for ipsilateral and contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA, respectively. Five animals intended for either ipsilateral or contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA had no lesions t ...
... anterior regions and sparing of VTA adjoined SNc. There were six and eight animals with acceptable lesions to both CeA and VTA for ipsilateral and contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA, respectively. Five animals intended for either ipsilateral or contralateral lesions of CeA and VTA had no lesions t ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... cortex is critically important for the formation of stimulus-reinforcer associations. Indeed, we have shown previously that lesions of the anterior cingulate cortex profoundly impair the acquisition of autoshaping (Bussey et al., 1997), while Gabriel and colleagues have demonstrated electrophysiolog ...
... cortex is critically important for the formation of stimulus-reinforcer associations. Indeed, we have shown previously that lesions of the anterior cingulate cortex profoundly impair the acquisition of autoshaping (Bussey et al., 1997), while Gabriel and colleagues have demonstrated electrophysiolog ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... to auditory nuclei are located in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and often fire in correlation with the level of arousal (Trulson and Jacobs 1979). Levels of serotonin in target regions of the brain are correspondingly higher during increased activity of raphe neurons, whether this activity is induced (fo ...
... to auditory nuclei are located in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and often fire in correlation with the level of arousal (Trulson and Jacobs 1979). Levels of serotonin in target regions of the brain are correspondingly higher during increased activity of raphe neurons, whether this activity is induced (fo ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... cloaca as the pair moves in a circle. After several minutes of waltzing, the male moves away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with a ...
... cloaca as the pair moves in a circle. After several minutes of waltzing, the male moves away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with a ...
SOP #11 Acoustic Startle and Pre
... relatively intense stimuli. It offers many advantages as a behavioral measure of central nervous system (CNS) activity and can be measured in numerous species, including humans, when elicited by acoustic (noise bursts), electrical (cutaneous), tactile (air puff), or visual (light flash) stimuli. The ...
... relatively intense stimuli. It offers many advantages as a behavioral measure of central nervous system (CNS) activity and can be measured in numerous species, including humans, when elicited by acoustic (noise bursts), electrical (cutaneous), tactile (air puff), or visual (light flash) stimuli. The ...
the resonate-and-fire neuron: time dependent and frequency
... C.2 Time responses of one dimensional system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... C.2 Time responses of one dimensional system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... the effects of the neuromodulators can be exerted very speedily, via quick-acting receptors, but can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the seman ...
... the effects of the neuromodulators can be exerted very speedily, via quick-acting receptors, but can also be very prolonged, particularly through influences over long-term synaptic plasticity. This diversity of actions complicates the representational issues for neuromodulators in terms of the seman ...
Firing activities of auditory cortical neurons during categorical task
... identical. Perception of such relationships between frequencies is prominent for humans from early stages of development (Chang and Trehub, 1977; Trehub et al., 1984). Humans readily identify and memorize melodies by the sequential up-and-down patterning of the pitches of adjacent tones in a tune (D ...
... identical. Perception of such relationships between frequencies is prominent for humans from early stages of development (Chang and Trehub, 1977; Trehub et al., 1984). Humans readily identify and memorize melodies by the sequential up-and-down patterning of the pitches of adjacent tones in a tune (D ...
Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... of learned behavior. This description holds for a large variety of error-driven learning rules (Sutton and Barto, 1981) and complies with the intuitive concept of learning, according to which behavior changes as long as some outcome is different than predicted, whereas behavior does not change when ...
... of learned behavior. This description holds for a large variety of error-driven learning rules (Sutton and Barto, 1981) and complies with the intuitive concept of learning, according to which behavior changes as long as some outcome is different than predicted, whereas behavior does not change when ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.