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... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
Rapid Whole Brain Imaging Of Neural Activities In Freely
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 28, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/131532. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 28, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/131532. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more efficient computing devices. We help you work smarter, ...
... community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more efficient computing devices. We help you work smarter, ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... Fanselow and Nicolelis 1999; Moore 2004; Moore et al. 1999; Nicolelis and Fanselow 2002). These authors proposed that greater response magnitudes during the quiet state could perform a gross “detection” function, whereas relatively less spike adaptation during the whisking state would allow for fine ...
... Fanselow and Nicolelis 1999; Moore 2004; Moore et al. 1999; Nicolelis and Fanselow 2002). These authors proposed that greater response magnitudes during the quiet state could perform a gross “detection” function, whereas relatively less spike adaptation during the whisking state would allow for fine ...
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... stimulation with spectro-temporally complex sounds such as FM sweeps in different conditions varying the pattern of activation and the acoustic background. In addition I evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds ba ...
... stimulation with spectro-temporally complex sounds such as FM sweeps in different conditions varying the pattern of activation and the acoustic background. In addition I evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds ba ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
... duce increases in incentive salience or Pavlovian-triggered motivation (here called “wanting” in shorthand) (1, 31, 35–37). A neurochemical distinction has been made between opioid stimulation of the NAc hotspot, which amplifies hedonic impact (liking) as well as motivation (wanting) for reward, and ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model species in very diverse branches of science for more than 100 years. The genetic, molecular, and physiological tools that are available for this species offer unique opportunities for experiments that are currently not possible in other ...
... The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model species in very diverse branches of science for more than 100 years. The genetic, molecular, and physiological tools that are available for this species offer unique opportunities for experiments that are currently not possible in other ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... communication in nearly all sensory modalities, including the chemical senses. For example, in the olfactory system, it has been shown that organized oscillations in firing patterns of neurons in the central nervous system of moths are not only correlated with olfactory discrimination (MacLeod et al. ...
... communication in nearly all sensory modalities, including the chemical senses. For example, in the olfactory system, it has been shown that organized oscillations in firing patterns of neurons in the central nervous system of moths are not only correlated with olfactory discrimination (MacLeod et al. ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... that predict a stimulus from the actual UCS itself. In many instances different behavioral responses are appropriate when anticipating a rewarding or punishing event than when experiencing it. If stimulus substitution were to be the only mechanism in place then a CS would be indistinguishable from t ...
... that predict a stimulus from the actual UCS itself. In many instances different behavioral responses are appropriate when anticipating a rewarding or punishing event than when experiencing it. If stimulus substitution were to be the only mechanism in place then a CS would be indistinguishable from t ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
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... The Actor/Critic architecture is by no means the only solution to the credit assignment problem – it is certainly not the most efficient solution or computationally sound option (see Sutton and Barto, 1998 for a variety of other reinforcement learning algorithms). However, converging behavioral, ana ...
... The Actor/Critic architecture is by no means the only solution to the credit assignment problem – it is certainly not the most efficient solution or computationally sound option (see Sutton and Barto, 1998 for a variety of other reinforcement learning algorithms). However, converging behavioral, ana ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... stimulus depended on a visual stimulus (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1995). Two groups of rats received pairings of a tone (conditioned excitor: T / ) with a mild footshock. Group TL 0 was trained in a Pavlovian conditioned inhibition paradigm (T / /TL 0 ) where the tone-light compound signaled the ab ...
... stimulus depended on a visual stimulus (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1995). Two groups of rats received pairings of a tone (conditioned excitor: T / ) with a mild footshock. Group TL 0 was trained in a Pavlovian conditioned inhibition paradigm (T / /TL 0 ) where the tone-light compound signaled the ab ...
Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of
... brain that mediates this behavior built? The basic building blocks of the brain, neurons and glia, are found in both flies and mammals. Neurons show almost all the functional and molecular features of mammalian neurons: axons with their transport machinery, pumps, and voltage-gated channels that und ...
... brain that mediates this behavior built? The basic building blocks of the brain, neurons and glia, are found in both flies and mammals. Neurons show almost all the functional and molecular features of mammalian neurons: axons with their transport machinery, pumps, and voltage-gated channels that und ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... Startle response, heart rate, skin conductance, and ulceration are among the more common variables examined in this type of study. ...
... Startle response, heart rate, skin conductance, and ulceration are among the more common variables examined in this type of study. ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... In primates, unexpected delivery of appetitive and aversive (airpuff) outcomes during performance of a trace conditioning task with reversals caused amygdala neurons to fire more strongly than when the outcome was totally predictable (Belova et al., 2007). Additionally, it appears that the same popu ...
... In primates, unexpected delivery of appetitive and aversive (airpuff) outcomes during performance of a trace conditioning task with reversals caused amygdala neurons to fire more strongly than when the outcome was totally predictable (Belova et al., 2007). Additionally, it appears that the same popu ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... McPherson, “loudness and brightness are clearly related to each other by a power function” (1975, p. 71). Neurophysiological response. Despite all that is known regarding behavioral patterns of auditory and visual sensory matching, current research on the neurophysiology of sensory integration leave ...
... McPherson, “loudness and brightness are clearly related to each other by a power function” (1975, p. 71). Neurophysiological response. Despite all that is known regarding behavioral patterns of auditory and visual sensory matching, current research on the neurophysiology of sensory integration leave ...
REVIEW
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
... ual development, neuroendocrine responses to pheromones, and sexual attraction and arousal.3,4 There is evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... processor and controller of behavior - bearing in mind that the view presented will be limited in scope. There are more than 25,000 fish species occurring in widely diverse forms and in every aquatic habitat. While the optic tectum is present in all species, it is developed to different extents. Our ...
... processor and controller of behavior - bearing in mind that the view presented will be limited in scope. There are more than 25,000 fish species occurring in widely diverse forms and in every aquatic habitat. While the optic tectum is present in all species, it is developed to different extents. Our ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... from 60 receptors, as described in Landolfa and Miller (1995). For each receptor, a unidirectional air current was presented eight times at each of 16 different directions around the animal’s body in the horizontal plane. The responses were recorded at each stimulus direction and quantified as the n ...
... from 60 receptors, as described in Landolfa and Miller (1995). For each receptor, a unidirectional air current was presented eight times at each of 16 different directions around the animal’s body in the horizontal plane. The responses were recorded at each stimulus direction and quantified as the n ...
esogu institute of health science department of interdisciplinary
... Nerve cell biology is an area of huge advances occurred in the last decade. Neurological sciences, modern biology to understand the activities of the brain is developing into the most dynamic area of the cellular and molecular biological approaches. The main purpose of neurobiology, constituted the ...
... Nerve cell biology is an area of huge advances occurred in the last decade. Neurological sciences, modern biology to understand the activities of the brain is developing into the most dynamic area of the cellular and molecular biological approaches. The main purpose of neurobiology, constituted the ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... Neurons are remarkable among the cells of the body in their ability to propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit inform ...
... Neurons are remarkable among the cells of the body in their ability to propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit inform ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.