Autonomic Nervous System
... Today’s Objectives Lesson 6.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses • Define action potential and explain how action potentials are generated. • Explain the factors that influence the speed of neural impulse transmission. • Describe how impulses are transmitted across the synapse. • Discuss the roles play ...
... Today’s Objectives Lesson 6.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses • Define action potential and explain how action potentials are generated. • Explain the factors that influence the speed of neural impulse transmission. • Describe how impulses are transmitted across the synapse. • Discuss the roles play ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
... Zhang and Delay, 2007). However, the hypothesis that these two extra-hypothalamic GnRH systems can directly modulate sensory processing in the brain has received only limited experimental testing (Kawai et al., 2010; Kinoshita et al., 2007), and little is known about how GnRH might influence other re ...
Cane toad
... parotoid glands) behind the head. Cane toads naturally generate potent toxins (bufodienolides) throughout their bodies, which act by stopping the heart of most animals that attempt to eat them. These toxins concentrate in glands on the toad’s skin, and may be exuded as a milkywhite substance if the ...
... parotoid glands) behind the head. Cane toads naturally generate potent toxins (bufodienolides) throughout their bodies, which act by stopping the heart of most animals that attempt to eat them. These toxins concentrate in glands on the toad’s skin, and may be exuded as a milkywhite substance if the ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... code to be identified. Difficulties arise in the mammalian central nervous system, because of the presence of temporal structure at both very short [12,15] and very long [13,52] timescales, and the intrinsic variability of responses that may or may not be a part of the coding scheme. These difficult ...
... code to be identified. Difficulties arise in the mammalian central nervous system, because of the presence of temporal structure at both very short [12,15] and very long [13,52] timescales, and the intrinsic variability of responses that may or may not be a part of the coding scheme. These difficult ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... blind spot, filling-in also occurs in other visual input deficit conditions, e.g. filling-in at the artificial and natural retinal scotoma [2, 3]. In addition to the deficit of input, filling-in also occurs in visual illusions such as Neon color spreading, Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusion, Kanizsa s ...
... blind spot, filling-in also occurs in other visual input deficit conditions, e.g. filling-in at the artificial and natural retinal scotoma [2, 3]. In addition to the deficit of input, filling-in also occurs in visual illusions such as Neon color spreading, Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusion, Kanizsa s ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... (Barraclough et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). During this game, the computer opponent simulated a rational decision maker who chooses its target so as to minimize the payoff of the animal, and the animal gained a token only when it chose the same target as the computer. When the animal’s choice was ...
... (Barraclough et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). During this game, the computer opponent simulated a rational decision maker who chooses its target so as to minimize the payoff of the animal, and the animal gained a token only when it chose the same target as the computer. When the animal’s choice was ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... showed abnormal patterns of food choice, picking up and eating foods not normally eaten such as meat, and picking up and placing in their mouths inedible objects (Murray et al., 1996). These symptoms produced by selective amygdala lesions are classical Klüver-Bucy symptoms. Further evidence relating ...
... showed abnormal patterns of food choice, picking up and eating foods not normally eaten such as meat, and picking up and placing in their mouths inedible objects (Murray et al., 1996). These symptoms produced by selective amygdala lesions are classical Klüver-Bucy symptoms. Further evidence relating ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... rate,” modulates the neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal region in monkeys [3]. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such temporal modulation of firing rate during an anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent ( ...
... rate,” modulates the neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal region in monkeys [3]. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such temporal modulation of firing rate during an anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent ( ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... molecular biologists and computational neuroscientists). All of them were interested in how the nervous system works but they never, or extremely rarely, worked together. Much better, Kuffler thought, would be to bring people from different disciplines together in a single new department so that pro ...
... molecular biologists and computational neuroscientists). All of them were interested in how the nervous system works but they never, or extremely rarely, worked together. Much better, Kuffler thought, would be to bring people from different disciplines together in a single new department so that pro ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along its anteroposterior (AP, head-to-tail) and dorsoventral (DV, back-to-belly) axes, indicating ...
... of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along its anteroposterior (AP, head-to-tail) and dorsoventral (DV, back-to-belly) axes, indicating ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... rates, as is frequently done (Wilson & Cowan, 1972 & 1973; Hopfield, 1984; Frolov & Medvedev, 1986; Abbott, 1991a; Amit & Tsodyks, 1991a & 1991b; Ermentrout, 1994). The firing of a neuron is affected by a large number of variables such as the state of activation and inactivation of numerous ion chan ...
... rates, as is frequently done (Wilson & Cowan, 1972 & 1973; Hopfield, 1984; Frolov & Medvedev, 1986; Abbott, 1991a; Amit & Tsodyks, 1991a & 1991b; Ermentrout, 1994). The firing of a neuron is affected by a large number of variables such as the state of activation and inactivation of numerous ion chan ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom ...
... Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... whereby feature-specific neural elements are progressively adapted by a repeated stimulus. ...
... whereby feature-specific neural elements are progressively adapted by a repeated stimulus. ...
Lillienfeld: Chapter 3 lecture PowerPoint
... they do. Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with ...
... they do. Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with ...
Edge of chaos and prediction of computational performance for
... What makes a neural microcircuit computationally powerful? Or more precisely, which measurable quantities could explain why one microcircuit C is better suited for a particular family of computational tasks than another microcircuit C 0 ? Rather than constructing particular microcircuit models that ...
... What makes a neural microcircuit computationally powerful? Or more precisely, which measurable quantities could explain why one microcircuit C is better suited for a particular family of computational tasks than another microcircuit C 0 ? Rather than constructing particular microcircuit models that ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... cortex are tuned to the spatial location, orientation, and direction of motion of visual stimuli (Hubel & Wiesel 1962); (b) neurons in the primary auditory cortex are tuned to sound frequency and intensity (Schreiner & Read 2000); and (c) neurons in the primary motor cortex are tuned to the planned ...
... cortex are tuned to the spatial location, orientation, and direction of motion of visual stimuli (Hubel & Wiesel 1962); (b) neurons in the primary auditory cortex are tuned to sound frequency and intensity (Schreiner & Read 2000); and (c) neurons in the primary motor cortex are tuned to the planned ...
Chapter 33 Nervous System
... A. cells that create action potentials and thresholds B. localized areas of the central nervous system C. chemicals that cross a synapse between two nerve cells D. specialized neurons for detecting the world around you ...
... A. cells that create action potentials and thresholds B. localized areas of the central nervous system C. chemicals that cross a synapse between two nerve cells D. specialized neurons for detecting the world around you ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... also considers the functions of motivational and emotional factors in learning and memory. These factors are organized under the concept of reinforcement. Reinforcement is a process by which certain events promote changes in behavior (White & Milner, 1992). Examples of events with this property, som ...
... also considers the functions of motivational and emotional factors in learning and memory. These factors are organized under the concept of reinforcement. Reinforcement is a process by which certain events promote changes in behavior (White & Milner, 1992). Examples of events with this property, som ...
A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement
... adaptively timed. Several different types of brain processes organize the temporal unfolding of serial order in behavior. The present model instantiates one type of timing control, called spectral timing, and shows how it can modulate the course of recognition learning, reinforcement learning, and t ...
... adaptively timed. Several different types of brain processes organize the temporal unfolding of serial order in behavior. The present model instantiates one type of timing control, called spectral timing, and shows how it can modulate the course of recognition learning, reinforcement learning, and t ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... with different amplitudes (Fig. 1c). In such cases it was not possible to separate spike forms unambiguously due to the noise of our recordings, and a threshold level was chosen that may have included the spikes of more than one form. Judging by eye we consider that only in very rare cases three for ...
... with different amplitudes (Fig. 1c). In such cases it was not possible to separate spike forms unambiguously due to the noise of our recordings, and a threshold level was chosen that may have included the spikes of more than one form. Judging by eye we consider that only in very rare cases three for ...
Basal Ganglia: Mechanisms for Action Selection
... STN neurons also contacts neighboring channels in SNr and GPi. This creates an off-center, onsurround network ideal for resolving competition between action signals (Mink 1996; Gurney et al. 2001a; Humphries et al. 2006; Leblois et al. 2006) as illustrated in Fig. 2. A key insight from computational ...
... STN neurons also contacts neighboring channels in SNr and GPi. This creates an off-center, onsurround network ideal for resolving competition between action signals (Mink 1996; Gurney et al. 2001a; Humphries et al. 2006; Leblois et al. 2006) as illustrated in Fig. 2. A key insight from computational ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.