Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... occurs at longer latencies than the fastest excitation produced at low stimulus frequencies. The cells showing I-only inhibition were found only in or at the border of septa. Very early in the history of recording from single units in cat SI cortex, Mountcastle (1957) reported that stimulation with ...
... occurs at longer latencies than the fastest excitation produced at low stimulus frequencies. The cells showing I-only inhibition were found only in or at the border of septa. Very early in the history of recording from single units in cat SI cortex, Mountcastle (1957) reported that stimulation with ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... (time-discounted) sum of all expected future rewards associated with any given set of actions. In each iterative learning experience, this value function is updated by a quantity determined by the RPE and the learning rate (a model parameter that adjusts the strength with which unexpected rewards up ...
... (time-discounted) sum of all expected future rewards associated with any given set of actions. In each iterative learning experience, this value function is updated by a quantity determined by the RPE and the learning rate (a model parameter that adjusts the strength with which unexpected rewards up ...
Core Lab #1 - Reflex Responses
... neuron carries the impulse from the site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneuron (3). The interneuron synapses with a motor neuron (4), which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle (5), which responds by contracting. ...
... neuron carries the impulse from the site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneuron (3). The interneuron synapses with a motor neuron (4), which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle (5), which responds by contracting. ...
... affect. In the next study we want to add the verbal dimension and investigate how humans perceive the emotions transmitted by a talking face. In a face-to-face communication verbal and non-verbal features transmitting emotional meaning build a complex multidimensional stimulus construct. In our thir ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... Havana across the Balimore Inner Harbor for our party. From 9:00 until midnight all drafts are $2.00. Transportation to this event will be via water taxi and groups will be lead by the local organizers to the water taxi stop in the Inner Harbor. Those attendees wishing to travel with the group shoul ...
... Havana across the Balimore Inner Harbor for our party. From 9:00 until midnight all drafts are $2.00. Transportation to this event will be via water taxi and groups will be lead by the local organizers to the water taxi stop in the Inner Harbor. Those attendees wishing to travel with the group shoul ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... Chung-Chuan Lo & Xiao-Jing Wang Growing evidence from primate neurophysiology and modeling indicates that in reaction time tasks, a perceptual choice is made when the firing rate of a selective cortical neural population reaches a threshold. This raises two questions: what is the neural substrate of ...
... Chung-Chuan Lo & Xiao-Jing Wang Growing evidence from primate neurophysiology and modeling indicates that in reaction time tasks, a perceptual choice is made when the firing rate of a selective cortical neural population reaches a threshold. This raises two questions: what is the neural substrate of ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... [3,5,18,26,29]. We used this method to monitor correlated visually evoked responses across the optic tectum, which requires that firing-rate measurements are accurate on a single-trial basis and not averaged across trials [28]. Optical readout of calcium transients is hindered by drifting baseline f ...
... [3,5,18,26,29]. We used this method to monitor correlated visually evoked responses across the optic tectum, which requires that firing-rate measurements are accurate on a single-trial basis and not averaged across trials [28]. Optical readout of calcium transients is hindered by drifting baseline f ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... and Dayan, 2011; Fiorillo, 2013). In such neural computation, the expectation of negative reward has to be continuously represented in the brain by the time when the real outcome of the behavior is presented to an animal so that representations of both the reward expectation value and the real outco ...
... and Dayan, 2011; Fiorillo, 2013). In such neural computation, the expectation of negative reward has to be continuously represented in the brain by the time when the real outcome of the behavior is presented to an animal so that representations of both the reward expectation value and the real outco ...
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... closely resembles that of the prepared movement, while also often involving activation of the OO and SCM muscles (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; Ravichandran et al., 2013). The major difference between prepared actions that are triggered by innocuous or startling auditory stimuli is the latency of the res ...
... closely resembles that of the prepared movement, while also often involving activation of the OO and SCM muscles (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; Ravichandran et al., 2013). The major difference between prepared actions that are triggered by innocuous or startling auditory stimuli is the latency of the res ...
Retinoids and spinal cord development
... Therefore, it seems that in mammals the correct levels of RA are required for the completion of these complex morphogenetic movements known as neuruJournal of Neurobiology. DOI 10.1002/neu ...
... Therefore, it seems that in mammals the correct levels of RA are required for the completion of these complex morphogenetic movements known as neuruJournal of Neurobiology. DOI 10.1002/neu ...
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... ____ 13. Use the graph above to answer the next question. During which indicated period is depolarization occurring? a. A b. B c. C d. D ____ 14. Use the graph above to answer the next question. During which indicated interval do potassium ions rapidly exit the axoplasm? a. A b. B c. C d. D ____ 15 ...
... ____ 13. Use the graph above to answer the next question. During which indicated period is depolarization occurring? a. A b. B c. C d. D ____ 14. Use the graph above to answer the next question. During which indicated interval do potassium ions rapidly exit the axoplasm? a. A b. B c. C d. D ____ 15 ...
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... (1–48 kHz) at 16 intensities (1–75 dB SPL) to determine the characteristic frequency of each site. Tones had 5 ms cosine-squared ramps and their total duration was 25 ms. Additional stimuli were randomly interleaved and presented at 20 repeats per recording site. Broad band noise was presented in tr ...
... (1–48 kHz) at 16 intensities (1–75 dB SPL) to determine the characteristic frequency of each site. Tones had 5 ms cosine-squared ramps and their total duration was 25 ms. Additional stimuli were randomly interleaved and presented at 20 repeats per recording site. Broad band noise was presented in tr ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
The beginning of connectomics: a commentary on White
... When he first began to turn his attention to the nervous system, Brenner felt he needed to find a suitable experimental organism. Among current models, one popular, well-studied choice, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, had good genetics and interesting behaviour but seemed too complex as its n ...
... When he first began to turn his attention to the nervous system, Brenner felt he needed to find a suitable experimental organism. Among current models, one popular, well-studied choice, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, had good genetics and interesting behaviour but seemed too complex as its n ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
... tested) of the first pulse at 4 Hz and averaged across multiunit sites. The variability in this measure, as reported in variance, was compared across KIA− and controls. Single-trial response patterns to each of the isolated speech sounds were compared using a nearest neighbor classifier (Foffani and M ...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Issues and interventions for positive
... were areas of ODD, which needed to be studied. Their study through MRI scanning and IQ testing found evidence that activity in specific areas of the brain is related to specific disorders such as conduct disorder (CD) and ODD. The cerebral cortical thickness was observed as being thinner in the brai ...
... were areas of ODD, which needed to be studied. Their study through MRI scanning and IQ testing found evidence that activity in specific areas of the brain is related to specific disorders such as conduct disorder (CD) and ODD. The cerebral cortical thickness was observed as being thinner in the brai ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... system.14 15 17 In the present study, we have confirmed that this is also true of acupuncture point LI11, while further demonstrating that the motor neurons of the deep tissue layer spread over a greater number of spinal segments and outnumber those of the superficial tissue layer. Although the sens ...
... system.14 15 17 In the present study, we have confirmed that this is also true of acupuncture point LI11, while further demonstrating that the motor neurons of the deep tissue layer spread over a greater number of spinal segments and outnumber those of the superficial tissue layer. Although the sens ...
All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
... or by combining simultaneous holographic imaging and photostimulation methods relying on glutamate uncaging (Niko- ...
... or by combining simultaneous holographic imaging and photostimulation methods relying on glutamate uncaging (Niko- ...
Chapter 2 An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology
... Explaining behavior in terms of a single cause Could mean a paradigm, school, or conceptual approach Problem – Other information is often ignored Multidimensional Models Interdisciplinary, eclectic, and integrative “System” of influences that cause and maintain suffering Uses informati ...
... Explaining behavior in terms of a single cause Could mean a paradigm, school, or conceptual approach Problem – Other information is often ignored Multidimensional Models Interdisciplinary, eclectic, and integrative “System” of influences that cause and maintain suffering Uses informati ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Acetylcholine and appetitive behavior 1
... regions that subsequently modulate motor output. Pharmacological blockade of either glutamatergic or dopaminergic receptors within the nucleus accumbens has been shown to impair appetitive learning (Kelley, Smith-Roe, & Holahan, 1997; Smith-Roe & Kelley, 2000). Recently, intrinsic cholinergic intern ...
... regions that subsequently modulate motor output. Pharmacological blockade of either glutamatergic or dopaminergic receptors within the nucleus accumbens has been shown to impair appetitive learning (Kelley, Smith-Roe, & Holahan, 1997; Smith-Roe & Kelley, 2000). Recently, intrinsic cholinergic intern ...
1 Removing the Constraints on Our Choices: A Psychobiological
... A smaller but intriguing body of research focuses on the differences in sensory patterns in healthy people without disabilities. Distinct patterns of noticing and habituating to sensory information have been found in healthy preschoolers, for example (McIntosh et al., 1999; EngelYeger, 2008), and i ...
... A smaller but intriguing body of research focuses on the differences in sensory patterns in healthy people without disabilities. Distinct patterns of noticing and habituating to sensory information have been found in healthy preschoolers, for example (McIntosh et al., 1999; EngelYeger, 2008), and i ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.