Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... 49 neurons with positive slopes constitute the focus of subsequent ana lyses (Supplementary Data 7 and Supplementary Figs. 6 and 7). We next performed the same analysis on two later epochs. In the post-saccadic epoch, we measured firing rates during the 400-ms handling time period beginning at sa ...
... 49 neurons with positive slopes constitute the focus of subsequent ana lyses (Supplementary Data 7 and Supplementary Figs. 6 and 7). We next performed the same analysis on two later epochs. In the post-saccadic epoch, we measured firing rates during the 400-ms handling time period beginning at sa ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... 1981; Watanabe and Simada, 1971). However, responses in the auditory cortex tend to follow lower repetition rates (Creutzfeldt et al., 1980; Miller et al., 2002; Yao et al., 2015), and recover more slowly from sensory stimulation (Fitzpatrick et al., 1999), suggesting that forward suppression is, in ...
... 1981; Watanabe and Simada, 1971). However, responses in the auditory cortex tend to follow lower repetition rates (Creutzfeldt et al., 1980; Miller et al., 2002; Yao et al., 2015), and recover more slowly from sensory stimulation (Fitzpatrick et al., 1999), suggesting that forward suppression is, in ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... Understanding the functional meaning of particular aspects of neural architecture is a central objective of computational neuroscience. Inhibitory interneurons are very common in the neocortex, and lateral inhibition has been shown to play an important role in sharpening the distinctions between sim ...
... Understanding the functional meaning of particular aspects of neural architecture is a central objective of computational neuroscience. Inhibitory interneurons are very common in the neocortex, and lateral inhibition has been shown to play an important role in sharpening the distinctions between sim ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... (I) Transverse section at the level of the trunk at stage 16. Abbreviations: fp, floor plate; no, notochord. (J–L) Transverse sections at stage 40. Abbreviations: fp, floor plate; hb, hindbrain; he, heart; le, lens; mb, midbrain; no, notochord; ov, otic vesicle; re, retina. (M) Dorsal view of 6-d embr ...
... (I) Transverse section at the level of the trunk at stage 16. Abbreviations: fp, floor plate; no, notochord. (J–L) Transverse sections at stage 40. Abbreviations: fp, floor plate; hb, hindbrain; he, heart; le, lens; mb, midbrain; no, notochord; ov, otic vesicle; re, retina. (M) Dorsal view of 6-d embr ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polarity (on or off-center) was determined by comparing its response to bright and dark spots. Its spatial- and temporal-frequency tuning and optimal stimulus size were measured with drifting ...
... Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polarity (on or off-center) was determined by comparing its response to bright and dark spots. Its spatial- and temporal-frequency tuning and optimal stimulus size were measured with drifting ...
What are Perceptions?
... Age – As a customer age their needs change. Different age groups grew up with different influence determining their Purchasing behavior Gender – Men and woman differ in their consumer needs. The roles of both sexes have changed over years and this needs to be taken into consideration Race / Ethnicit ...
... Age – As a customer age their needs change. Different age groups grew up with different influence determining their Purchasing behavior Gender – Men and woman differ in their consumer needs. The roles of both sexes have changed over years and this needs to be taken into consideration Race / Ethnicit ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... 1977). An LGN involvement in binocular rivalry would be compatible with such a gating function. An interesting and important variant of the 'gating' hypothesis is the idea that the feedback is involved in selective, locationbased attention [the searchlight of attention, as Crick (1984) describes it] ...
... 1977). An LGN involvement in binocular rivalry would be compatible with such a gating function. An interesting and important variant of the 'gating' hypothesis is the idea that the feedback is involved in selective, locationbased attention [the searchlight of attention, as Crick (1984) describes it] ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... because locked-in patients, who are fully paralysed and whose brain does not receive any feedback on action performance, nevertheless consciously experience the world around them [2]. It therefore seems more promising to turn to another type of brain –body interactions that involves vital internal o ...
... because locked-in patients, who are fully paralysed and whose brain does not receive any feedback on action performance, nevertheless consciously experience the world around them [2]. It therefore seems more promising to turn to another type of brain –body interactions that involves vital internal o ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... medial-frontal scalp-recorded electrical activity known as the error-related negativity (ERN or Ne) is associated with errors (13– 15), and converging evidence suggests that the ACC and nearby cortical areas generate the ERN (15–18). The design of our study, however, allowed us to demonstrate that t ...
... medial-frontal scalp-recorded electrical activity known as the error-related negativity (ERN or Ne) is associated with errors (13– 15), and converging evidence suggests that the ACC and nearby cortical areas generate the ERN (15–18). The design of our study, however, allowed us to demonstrate that t ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... were defined as relatively simple reactions perfonmed almost automatically whm a specific stimulus was perceived by the nervous system. Later, owing to discoveriels of such scientists as Setchenov, Goltz, Sherrington, Magnus and others, the scope of this term was gradually enlarged. These scientists ...
... were defined as relatively simple reactions perfonmed almost automatically whm a specific stimulus was perceived by the nervous system. Later, owing to discoveriels of such scientists as Setchenov, Goltz, Sherrington, Magnus and others, the scope of this term was gradually enlarged. These scientists ...
final scientific program
... Welcome to AREADNE 2014, the fifth AREADNE Conference on Research in Encoding and Decoding of Neural Ensembles. One of the fundamental problems in neuroscience today is to understand how the activation of large populations of neurons gives rise to the higher order functions of the brain including le ...
... Welcome to AREADNE 2014, the fifth AREADNE Conference on Research in Encoding and Decoding of Neural Ensembles. One of the fundamental problems in neuroscience today is to understand how the activation of large populations of neurons gives rise to the higher order functions of the brain including le ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... Software GmbH, Puchheim, Germany). To allow exact control of sound intensity, the signal was sent to the speakers via an attenuator (Heinecke, Seewiesen, Germany) and an amplifier (Diora WS 502 C, Conrad, Hirschau, Germany). The responses of single low-frequency receptor neurons to auditory stimuli ...
... Software GmbH, Puchheim, Germany). To allow exact control of sound intensity, the signal was sent to the speakers via an attenuator (Heinecke, Seewiesen, Germany) and an amplifier (Diora WS 502 C, Conrad, Hirschau, Germany). The responses of single low-frequency receptor neurons to auditory stimuli ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... and match suppression) nor this ‘active reset’ of response suppression between trials has a known physiological basis. In addition to these recency effects, the responses of approximately one-third of studied IT neurons (‘negative cells’) to an initially novel stimulus declined by an average of 40% ...
... and match suppression) nor this ‘active reset’ of response suppression between trials has a known physiological basis. In addition to these recency effects, the responses of approximately one-third of studied IT neurons (‘negative cells’) to an initially novel stimulus declined by an average of 40% ...
download file
... tones was fixed for each animal (5, 7.5, and 15 pps, n ⫽ 4, 2, and 4 rats, respectively). All tones had 3-ms onset and offset ramps. The tones paired with BF stimulation were 250 ms in duration except for the tone trains that were composed of 25-ms tones. To establish the specificity of BF pairing, ...
... tones was fixed for each animal (5, 7.5, and 15 pps, n ⫽ 4, 2, and 4 rats, respectively). All tones had 3-ms onset and offset ramps. The tones paired with BF stimulation were 250 ms in duration except for the tone trains that were composed of 25-ms tones. To establish the specificity of BF pairing, ...
the superior Olivary complex
... because anatomically it is in a superior position relative to the inferior olivary complex. The term olivary is based on the olive-shaped protuberance on the ventral lateral surface of the medulla created by the underlying inferior olivary complex. The SOC extends from the rostral medulla to the cau ...
... because anatomically it is in a superior position relative to the inferior olivary complex. The term olivary is based on the olive-shaped protuberance on the ventral lateral surface of the medulla created by the underlying inferior olivary complex. The SOC extends from the rostral medulla to the cau ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... rates and behavioral performance, the evidence to date has been mixed as to whether voluntary visual attention primarily affects neural activity based on contrast1,3–6,10,11, response5,7–9 or activity7 gain. The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population ...
... rates and behavioral performance, the evidence to date has been mixed as to whether voluntary visual attention primarily affects neural activity based on contrast1,3–6,10,11, response5,7–9 or activity7 gain. The three hypotheses have not previously been examined at the level of the neural population ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... deterministic. Then, applying the TD rule will result in learning the average values of the states in the maze, until kdðtÞl ¼ 0; averaging over randomness in the policy. If an action is executed at a state and dðtÞ . 0; then this implies that the action may be better than average, since the value o ...
... deterministic. Then, applying the TD rule will result in learning the average values of the states in the maze, until kdðtÞl ¼ 0; averaging over randomness in the policy. If an action is executed at a state and dðtÞ . 0; then this implies that the action may be better than average, since the value o ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... 3.2. Response maps of DCN neurons Response maps for neurons in the DCN of decerebrate animals have been described in detail (Young and Brownell, 1976; Spirou and Young, 1991; Spirou et al., 1999). Examples of response maps that have both normal and abnormal shapes are shown in Fig. 2 and a summary o ...
... 3.2. Response maps of DCN neurons Response maps for neurons in the DCN of decerebrate animals have been described in detail (Young and Brownell, 1976; Spirou and Young, 1991; Spirou et al., 1999). Examples of response maps that have both normal and abnormal shapes are shown in Fig. 2 and a summary o ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... elicited or inhibited CRs without the presence of CSs. By means of recordings of slow waves he demonstrated, that contra- or ipsiversive direct and rebound effects correlated with hippocampal theta activity (approach) or desynchronization (avoidance) respectively (Grastyan et al., 1965). In one of t ...
... elicited or inhibited CRs without the presence of CSs. By means of recordings of slow waves he demonstrated, that contra- or ipsiversive direct and rebound effects correlated with hippocampal theta activity (approach) or desynchronization (avoidance) respectively (Grastyan et al., 1965). In one of t ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... et al., 2007; Lesica and Grothe, 2008; David et al., 2009; Gourévitch et al., 2009). Previous studies have proposed that stimulus-dependent changes in the linear approximation of the stimulus–response function may maximize the mutual information between stimulus and response (Fairhall et al., 2001; ...
... et al., 2007; Lesica and Grothe, 2008; David et al., 2009; Gourévitch et al., 2009). Previous studies have proposed that stimulus-dependent changes in the linear approximation of the stimulus–response function may maximize the mutual information between stimulus and response (Fairhall et al., 2001; ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... It is my pleasure to welcome you to BCCN 2009 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Whether it is the first time you visit this annual meeting of the Bernstein Network for Computational Neuroscience, or whether you have already been to some of the previous meetings in Freiburg, Berlin, Göttingen and Munich ...
... It is my pleasure to welcome you to BCCN 2009 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Whether it is the first time you visit this annual meeting of the Bernstein Network for Computational Neuroscience, or whether you have already been to some of the previous meetings in Freiburg, Berlin, Göttingen and Munich ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
... neuron were stable. One iteration consisted of a set of trials on each one of which one of the stimuli from the set was shown. The order of presentation of the stimuli was re-randomized for each iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of the ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.