Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... strategy to adapt to presynaptic fluctuations can reduce variability in postsynaptic responses. To give a concrete example, we simulate a presynaptic neuron whose excitability is fluctuating on multiple timescales (Fig 2A). The response of the presynaptic neuron is then the total excitability multip ...
... strategy to adapt to presynaptic fluctuations can reduce variability in postsynaptic responses. To give a concrete example, we simulate a presynaptic neuron whose excitability is fluctuating on multiple timescales (Fig 2A). The response of the presynaptic neuron is then the total excitability multip ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... in the SDR condition, although there was no significant difference in the food trials. • Decrease over time in the number of total trials shown by the significant main effect of Time in both food and water trials in the LDR condition ...
... in the SDR condition, although there was no significant difference in the food trials. • Decrease over time in the number of total trials shown by the significant main effect of Time in both food and water trials in the LDR condition ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... brain, the issue of habenular asymmetry is based on how these subnuclei are asymmetrically generated during development. This led us to examine whether the complementary enlargement or reduction of the dHbM and dHbL might derive from asymmetric neurogenesis during development (Aizawa et al., 2007). ...
... brain, the issue of habenular asymmetry is based on how these subnuclei are asymmetrically generated during development. This led us to examine whether the complementary enlargement or reduction of the dHbM and dHbL might derive from asymmetric neurogenesis during development (Aizawa et al., 2007). ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... an essential part of the results is a subject’s report of his own sensations” (p. 144). Brindley’s question was: What is the place and value of sensory reports in the testing of physiological hypotheses? He formulated the argument that phenomenal terms and physiological terms are from different real ...
... an essential part of the results is a subject’s report of his own sensations” (p. 144). Brindley’s question was: What is the place and value of sensory reports in the testing of physiological hypotheses? He formulated the argument that phenomenal terms and physiological terms are from different real ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... suppressive effects have been reported in the visual system, and they have been attributed to a particular computational theory of neural processing called the normalization model. Normalization in the visual system provides a variety of useful functions including maximizing sensitivity for some sti ...
... suppressive effects have been reported in the visual system, and they have been attributed to a particular computational theory of neural processing called the normalization model. Normalization in the visual system provides a variety of useful functions including maximizing sensitivity for some sti ...
From Sequence to Spike to Spark: Evo-devo
... communicate a rich variety of context-dependent social signals (Carlson, 2002a). We have a thorough understanding of the neural basis of signal production and variation, so that recording electric signals in freely behaving fish provides a direct window into their electromotor system (Bass, 1986a; C ...
... communicate a rich variety of context-dependent social signals (Carlson, 2002a). We have a thorough understanding of the neural basis of signal production and variation, so that recording electric signals in freely behaving fish provides a direct window into their electromotor system (Bass, 1986a; C ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
... neurons to the different stimuli as shown by the anovas.] In this way the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior scr ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... activity in the inferotemporal cerebral cortex (IT)1,2, but most studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not requi ...
... activity in the inferotemporal cerebral cortex (IT)1,2, but most studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not requi ...
Neural correlates of a decision in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of
... sion-making process. Unless the monkey makes eye movements capriciously — a pose sibility precluded by the well behaved psychometric function (Fig. 1c) — the decision must form during motion viewing. For each neuron, we computed an index of predictive activity using the responses measured during mot ...
... sion-making process. Unless the monkey makes eye movements capriciously — a pose sibility precluded by the well behaved psychometric function (Fig. 1c) — the decision must form during motion viewing. For each neuron, we computed an index of predictive activity using the responses measured during mot ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... emerged as a new paradigm that allows brain-derived information to control artificial actuators2 and communicate the subject’s motor intention to the outside world without the interference of the subject’s body. For the past decade and a half, numerous studies have shown how brain-derived motor sign ...
... emerged as a new paradigm that allows brain-derived information to control artificial actuators2 and communicate the subject’s motor intention to the outside world without the interference of the subject’s body. For the past decade and a half, numerous studies have shown how brain-derived motor sign ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... 1998), so we will commonly refer to sensory information from the environment as ‘state’. We will refer to motor output as ‘actions’ and to the desired goal as ‘reward’. However, this model does not focus on the temporal difference learning rule (Sutton, 1988), a rule that uses the difference between ...
... 1998), so we will commonly refer to sensory information from the environment as ‘state’. We will refer to motor output as ‘actions’ and to the desired goal as ‘reward’. However, this model does not focus on the temporal difference learning rule (Sutton, 1988), a rule that uses the difference between ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... intracortical inhibition results in an expansion of frequency receptive fields derived from extracellular spike discharge, suggesting the presence of normally subthreshold EPSPs that are inhibited by intracortical circuits (Foeller et al. 2001; Muller and Scheich 1988; Wang et al. 2000; Wang et al. ...
... intracortical inhibition results in an expansion of frequency receptive fields derived from extracellular spike discharge, suggesting the presence of normally subthreshold EPSPs that are inhibited by intracortical circuits (Foeller et al. 2001; Muller and Scheich 1988; Wang et al. 2000; Wang et al. ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... been applied to other systems or tested using new experimental techniques. Do the responses of the candidate neurons encode detailed enough sensory information to support the percept? The most basic requirement for the neural underpinnings of a percept is that the candidate neurons carry enough sen ...
... been applied to other systems or tested using new experimental techniques. Do the responses of the candidate neurons encode detailed enough sensory information to support the percept? The most basic requirement for the neural underpinnings of a percept is that the candidate neurons carry enough sen ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... system and the resources available. Recent theoretical work suggests that natural images can be efficiently represented by a sparse code (Srinivasan et al., 1982; Barlow, 1989; Field, 1993; Bell and Sejnowski, 1997; Olshausen and Field, 1997, 2000; Simoncelli and Olshausen, 2001). Field (1987) demon ...
... system and the resources available. Recent theoretical work suggests that natural images can be efficiently represented by a sparse code (Srinivasan et al., 1982; Barlow, 1989; Field, 1993; Bell and Sejnowski, 1997; Olshausen and Field, 1997, 2000; Simoncelli and Olshausen, 2001). Field (1987) demon ...
Likelihood approaches to sensory coding in auditory cortex
... in auditory cortex in order to statistically characterize the information available for estimating aspects of the spatial environment. Auditory cortex in the cat (figure 1) is located on the exposed ectosylvian gyri and extends into the suprasylvian, the anterior ectosylvian and the posterior ectosy ...
... in auditory cortex in order to statistically characterize the information available for estimating aspects of the spatial environment. Auditory cortex in the cat (figure 1) is located on the exposed ectosylvian gyri and extends into the suprasylvian, the anterior ectosylvian and the posterior ectosy ...
Neural Transcription Factors: from Embryos to Neural Stem Cells
... neural plate, a morphologically distinct domain that will give rise to the central nervous system. Numerous experiments in embryos show that when the level of each nTF is experimentally increased in NE precursors the neural plate is expanded. This phenotype may occur because the nTFs have broadened ...
... neural plate, a morphologically distinct domain that will give rise to the central nervous system. Numerous experiments in embryos show that when the level of each nTF is experimentally increased in NE precursors the neural plate is expanded. This phenotype may occur because the nTFs have broadened ...
Development - Publications Repository
... complementary pattern during cranial neural crest migration, with SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through t ...
... complementary pattern during cranial neural crest migration, with SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through t ...
Experimentally cross-wired lingual taste nerves can restore normal
... the CT) nerve is essential for the maintenance of both an unconditioned protective reflex (gaping) and the neural activity observed in central gustatory structures in response to lingual application of a bitter substance. An unresolved issue, however, is whether recovery depends more on the taste ne ...
... the CT) nerve is essential for the maintenance of both an unconditioned protective reflex (gaping) and the neural activity observed in central gustatory structures in response to lingual application of a bitter substance. An unresolved issue, however, is whether recovery depends more on the taste ne ...
segregation of stimulus phase and intensity coding in the cochlear
... which was used for data collection and analysis. An audio monitor (Grass AM8) was used which could be set to broadcast either the output of the electrode amplifier or the pulse output of the discriminator. Acoustic stimuli in the form of noise or pure tone bursts were delivered at a rate of 1.5 stim ...
... which was used for data collection and analysis. An audio monitor (Grass AM8) was used which could be set to broadcast either the output of the electrode amplifier or the pulse output of the discriminator. Acoustic stimuli in the form of noise or pure tone bursts were delivered at a rate of 1.5 stim ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... other sites (out of a maximum of 5.0) for the orientation and color rule networks, respectively (p<10-3 for both, permutation test against random networks, see Supplemental Information). These rule-dependent networks were highly overlapping spatially (see Figure S2D for anatomical localization of ne ...
... other sites (out of a maximum of 5.0) for the orientation and color rule networks, respectively (p<10-3 for both, permutation test against random networks, see Supplemental Information). These rule-dependent networks were highly overlapping spatially (see Figure S2D for anatomical localization of ne ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... at the luminance modulation frequency of the stimulus. This process is illustrated schematically in Figure 3. To determine the statistical significance of the response modulation, we performed simulations to estimate the probability that the modulation occurred by chance. A neuron was considered to ...
... at the luminance modulation frequency of the stimulus. This process is illustrated schematically in Figure 3. To determine the statistical significance of the response modulation, we performed simulations to estimate the probability that the modulation occurred by chance. A neuron was considered to ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... different auditory fields into distinct processing streams (Rauschecker and Tian, 2000; Read et al., 2002; Griffiths et al., 2004). Auditory cortex in the ferret occupies the ectosylvian gyrus (EG), which has been divided, on the basis of the distribution of sound-evoked 2-deoxyglucose activity, into ...
... different auditory fields into distinct processing streams (Rauschecker and Tian, 2000; Read et al., 2002; Griffiths et al., 2004). Auditory cortex in the ferret occupies the ectosylvian gyrus (EG), which has been divided, on the basis of the distribution of sound-evoked 2-deoxyglucose activity, into ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... 10 FLA stimulating intensities were not significantly different [t(l2) = 1.42, p > 0. lo]. Nor were field sizes different for 8 neurons when maps were determined with 10 and 20 rA stimulus intensities [t(7) = 1.11, p > 0. lo]. Therefore, our use of 10 NA, as opposed to a lower or higher stimulus int ...
... 10 FLA stimulating intensities were not significantly different [t(l2) = 1.42, p > 0. lo]. Nor were field sizes different for 8 neurons when maps were determined with 10 and 20 rA stimulus intensities [t(7) = 1.11, p > 0. lo]. Therefore, our use of 10 NA, as opposed to a lower or higher stimulus int ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.