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... overall feedback functions, the local experienced contingency for these schedules may differ, as they generate very different behavioral patterns. In fixed interval (FI) schedules, the animal can learn to time the interval, and press more quickly towards the end of the interval, resulting in a well- ...
... overall feedback functions, the local experienced contingency for these schedules may differ, as they generate very different behavioral patterns. In fixed interval (FI) schedules, the animal can learn to time the interval, and press more quickly towards the end of the interval, resulting in a well- ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
Full-Text PDF
... array, and neuronal activation is measured using bulk loaded calcium fluorescent dyes. In this work, we show while using a single stimulating electrode that specific neurons in a population can be selectively activated by stimulating along different regions of the SD curve. These findings gain even ...
... array, and neuronal activation is measured using bulk loaded calcium fluorescent dyes. In this work, we show while using a single stimulating electrode that specific neurons in a population can be selectively activated by stimulating along different regions of the SD curve. These findings gain even ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... would only respond if a particular stimulus was present, and if it was the one being currently rewarded. Other neurons had activity related to the outcome of the animal's response, with some indicating that reinforcement had been received and others, Offprint requests to: Dr. E.T. Rolls (address see ...
... would only respond if a particular stimulus was present, and if it was the one being currently rewarded. Other neurons had activity related to the outcome of the animal's response, with some indicating that reinforcement had been received and others, Offprint requests to: Dr. E.T. Rolls (address see ...
Ecology and Echolocation of Bats and Toothed Whales
... echolocation caused by different ecologies of two mammalian groups. Echolocation is the process of emitting sounds and deriving information from the returning echoes to be able to navigate and forage. Bats and toothed whales possess vastly different ecologies, but have evolved sophisticated echoloca ...
... echolocation caused by different ecologies of two mammalian groups. Echolocation is the process of emitting sounds and deriving information from the returning echoes to be able to navigate and forage. Bats and toothed whales possess vastly different ecologies, but have evolved sophisticated echoloca ...
File - Vertebrate Embryology TA Help Site Welcome Bio
... Neural groove may have fully closed over to become neural tube. ...
... Neural groove may have fully closed over to become neural tube. ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... such that raising the amplitude of sound in both ears results in shorter auditory response latencies in LSO neurons [39]. A population of neurons in the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC) receive input from the LSO, but respond with a nearly constant latency to sounds across a range of sound levels, ...
... such that raising the amplitude of sound in both ears results in shorter auditory response latencies in LSO neurons [39]. A population of neurons in the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC) receive input from the LSO, but respond with a nearly constant latency to sounds across a range of sound levels, ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... each panel shows the response elicited by a stimulus that appeared in the receptive field of a V4 neuron while the monkey attended away from the receptive field to detect a target and earn a juice reward. The stimulus appeared at one of three levels of luminance contrast, two of which (5%, bottom pa ...
... each panel shows the response elicited by a stimulus that appeared in the receptive field of a V4 neuron while the monkey attended away from the receptive field to detect a target and earn a juice reward. The stimulus appeared at one of three levels of luminance contrast, two of which (5%, bottom pa ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... limits the practicability of such systems. But it is not only computer science and robotics which can profit from the study of natural organisms. Neurorobotics can also provide validation for neuroscientific theories by testing them in real, controlled, and highly observable sensorimotor settings. A ...
... limits the practicability of such systems. But it is not only computer science and robotics which can profit from the study of natural organisms. Neurorobotics can also provide validation for neuroscientific theories by testing them in real, controlled, and highly observable sensorimotor settings. A ...
Review Early Steps in the Development of the Forebrain
... (A and B) Cartoons of the rostral neural plate of a zebrafish embryo with anterior to the left. The approximate locations of cells destined to give rise to various territories are shown in different colors. The topological relationships of prospective forebrain domains are conserved between vertebra ...
... (A and B) Cartoons of the rostral neural plate of a zebrafish embryo with anterior to the left. The approximate locations of cells destined to give rise to various territories are shown in different colors. The topological relationships of prospective forebrain domains are conserved between vertebra ...
Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role
... feedback phase (not shown), driving Go/NoGo learning. The contributions of the STN were omitted from this model, but are explored in the current simulations (Fig. 2). ...
... feedback phase (not shown), driving Go/NoGo learning. The contributions of the STN were omitted from this model, but are explored in the current simulations (Fig. 2). ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... et al., 2011). We therefore used Drosophila to address this question because they offer a relatively simple biological system coupled with powerful genetic and physiological tools that can provide the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of more complex systems (Olsen and Wilson, 2008; Griffith, 2 ...
... et al., 2011). We therefore used Drosophila to address this question because they offer a relatively simple biological system coupled with powerful genetic and physiological tools that can provide the groundwork for the subsequent analysis of more complex systems (Olsen and Wilson, 2008; Griffith, 2 ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
Cover page
... have further engineered the Ube3a transgene to permit neuron subtype and brain region specific increases of Ube3a gene dosage to enable circuit mapping of the autism-associated behavioral defects. A detailed analysis of circuit-specific changes in gene expression (ribotag) and physiology (optogeneti ...
... have further engineered the Ube3a transgene to permit neuron subtype and brain region specific increases of Ube3a gene dosage to enable circuit mapping of the autism-associated behavioral defects. A detailed analysis of circuit-specific changes in gene expression (ribotag) and physiology (optogeneti ...
the functional properties of the light
... of gaze usually but not always coincident with the direction of attention (Mountcastle, 1976, 1978). These ideas are based upon the behavioral deficits of primates with parietal lesions and the functional properties of several large classes of neurons, other than light-sensitive cells, that have bee ...
... of gaze usually but not always coincident with the direction of attention (Mountcastle, 1976, 1978). These ideas are based upon the behavioral deficits of primates with parietal lesions and the functional properties of several large classes of neurons, other than light-sensitive cells, that have bee ...
self-organising map
... computed by the SOM algorithm is topologically ordered in the sense that the spatial location of a neuron in the lattice corresponds to a particular domain or feature of the input patterns. variations in the statistics of the input distribution: regions in the input space H from which sample vectors ...
... computed by the SOM algorithm is topologically ordered in the sense that the spatial location of a neuron in the lattice corresponds to a particular domain or feature of the input patterns. variations in the statistics of the input distribution: regions in the input space H from which sample vectors ...
Quantity and Three-Dimensional Position of the Recurrent and
... rons within the NA were labeled — a finding confirming that neither dye labeled intact axons in the present experiments. Labeling with FG in the transected nerves (both SLN and RLN) resulted in scattered labeling of cells in the dorsal and peri-NA regions. There was increased contamination noted in ...
... rons within the NA were labeled — a finding confirming that neither dye labeled intact axons in the present experiments. Labeling with FG in the transected nerves (both SLN and RLN) resulted in scattered labeling of cells in the dorsal and peri-NA regions. There was increased contamination noted in ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... Figure 1. Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity from the NAS of a rat during self-administration trials using chronically implanted microwires. A, Photographic image of oscilloscope traces of an extracellularly recorded action potential. B, Two NAS neurons whose spike activity was recorded f ...
... Figure 1. Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity from the NAS of a rat during self-administration trials using chronically implanted microwires. A, Photographic image of oscilloscope traces of an extracellularly recorded action potential. B, Two NAS neurons whose spike activity was recorded f ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... different parts within themselves and with other cells externally. In this general sense of cell communication, neurons are no different than other cells. However, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intra-cellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (commu ...
... different parts within themselves and with other cells externally. In this general sense of cell communication, neurons are no different than other cells. However, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intra-cellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (commu ...
Author`s personal copy
... behavior is a defining characteristic of mammals, one should expect that evolutionarily conserved neural circuits exist which regulate maternal behavior across mammalian species. A theoretical framework which guides a research program that is aimed at uncovering forebrain neural circuits which contro ...
... behavior is a defining characteristic of mammals, one should expect that evolutionarily conserved neural circuits exist which regulate maternal behavior across mammalian species. A theoretical framework which guides a research program that is aimed at uncovering forebrain neural circuits which contro ...
Text - ETH E
... Fig. 1. (A) Temporal stimulus representation. A stimulus uðtÞ is represented as a signal that is one during presentation of this stimulus and zero otherwise. The temporal stimulus representation of this stimulus u(t ) consists of a series of phasic signals x1 ðtÞ; x2 ðtÞ; x3 ðtÞ; … that cover trial ...
... Fig. 1. (A) Temporal stimulus representation. A stimulus uðtÞ is represented as a signal that is one during presentation of this stimulus and zero otherwise. The temporal stimulus representation of this stimulus u(t ) consists of a series of phasic signals x1 ðtÞ; x2 ðtÞ; x3 ðtÞ; … that cover trial ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... et al. 1996; Stephenson et al. 2009). Those studies refer to a quiet environment and without sound stimulation, which was not the case here. Indeed, sound has been used before in protocols of sleep deprivation (Franken et al. 1995). In addition, we carried out analysis on the local field potential re ...
... et al. 1996; Stephenson et al. 2009). Those studies refer to a quiet environment and without sound stimulation, which was not the case here. Indeed, sound has been used before in protocols of sleep deprivation (Franken et al. 1995). In addition, we carried out analysis on the local field potential re ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... the upper bank and fundus of the STS (Hikosaka, Iwai, Saito, & Tanaka, 1988; Bruce, Desimone, & Gross, 1981) and also in the lower bank of the STS (Benevento, Fallon, Davis, & Rezak, 1977). Benevento et al. (1977) estimated that the proportion of neurons in both banks of the STS that have both audit ...
... the upper bank and fundus of the STS (Hikosaka, Iwai, Saito, & Tanaka, 1988; Bruce, Desimone, & Gross, 1981) and also in the lower bank of the STS (Benevento, Fallon, Davis, & Rezak, 1977). Benevento et al. (1977) estimated that the proportion of neurons in both banks of the STS that have both audit ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... needed to translate this therapy from the lab to the clinic. The present study created such a micro-network composed of modified FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons implementing additive STDP and attempted to recapitulate results found from in vivo studies. Although the plasticity of the neurons behaved as expe ...
... needed to translate this therapy from the lab to the clinic. The present study created such a micro-network composed of modified FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons implementing additive STDP and attempted to recapitulate results found from in vivo studies. Although the plasticity of the neurons behaved as expe ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... with certain functions, they were not acting in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led r ...
... with certain functions, they were not acting in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led r ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.