Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) and four arrays in Monkey H (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and one an ...
... guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) and four arrays in Monkey H (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and one an ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. Fax: +972 4 829 5461. 1These authors contributed equally to this report. 2Current address: Department of Neuroscience and Brown Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Opt ...
... Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. Fax: +972 4 829 5461. 1These authors contributed equally to this report. 2Current address: Department of Neuroscience and Brown Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Opt ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... required to test whether activation of mPFC GABAergic projections to NAcc can create an aversive memory as well as modulate conditioned avoidance responses. Optogenetic activation can reveal if a region or projection may modulate a specific behavioral response. However, only silencing can determine ...
... required to test whether activation of mPFC GABAergic projections to NAcc can create an aversive memory as well as modulate conditioned avoidance responses. Optogenetic activation can reveal if a region or projection may modulate a specific behavioral response. However, only silencing can determine ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... afferent neurons were examined to investigate variation across the population in the properties of threshold, slope, adaptation, and incidence of mechanosensitivity. Dural afferent neurons were recorded in the trigeminal ganglion of urethan-anesthetized rats and were identified by their constant-lat ...
... afferent neurons were examined to investigate variation across the population in the properties of threshold, slope, adaptation, and incidence of mechanosensitivity. Dural afferent neurons were recorded in the trigeminal ganglion of urethan-anesthetized rats and were identified by their constant-lat ...
Nature template
... efficiently and very fast (5-7). In a brain slice, precise time relations among several neurons have been observed (4). Could this phenomenon be also observed in brains of behaving animals? We use here data-mining techniques and rigorous statistic testing to test how precise are time intervals betwe ...
... efficiently and very fast (5-7). In a brain slice, precise time relations among several neurons have been observed (4). Could this phenomenon be also observed in brains of behaving animals? We use here data-mining techniques and rigorous statistic testing to test how precise are time intervals betwe ...
Full PDF
... have been proposed by a number of other investigators, such as those who are quoted in Fig. 2. Although they have concluded that the hypocretinergic system plays a key role in certain aspects of survival behaviors, the data have not been organized in a manner that allows one to examine the comprehen ...
... have been proposed by a number of other investigators, such as those who are quoted in Fig. 2. Although they have concluded that the hypocretinergic system plays a key role in certain aspects of survival behaviors, the data have not been organized in a manner that allows one to examine the comprehen ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... such stimuli it is not clear if response reduction could be simply explained by the antagonistic surround of the receptive field or if it constituted an unexplained suppressive phenomenon. Nonetheless, these results led to fruitful studies of intrageniculate inhibition (e.g. Singer et al., 1972), an ...
... such stimuli it is not clear if response reduction could be simply explained by the antagonistic surround of the receptive field or if it constituted an unexplained suppressive phenomenon. Nonetheless, these results led to fruitful studies of intrageniculate inhibition (e.g. Singer et al., 1972), an ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... with valuing the two options. Which one of them will have the highest value, the juicy apple or the sweet strawberry? In the past decade, numerous experiments have reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in the valuation process (Bartra et al., 2013). Evidence for a neural ...
... with valuing the two options. Which one of them will have the highest value, the juicy apple or the sweet strawberry? In the past decade, numerous experiments have reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in the valuation process (Bartra et al., 2013). Evidence for a neural ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... Haxby, 2010; Todorov & Duchaine, 2008; Todorov & Engell, 2008). Although early research suggested a linear response in the amygdala, with increased activation associated with highly untrustworthy faces, most current research suggests a quadratic response, with increased activation associated with bo ...
... Haxby, 2010; Todorov & Duchaine, 2008; Todorov & Engell, 2008). Although early research suggested a linear response in the amygdala, with increased activation associated with highly untrustworthy faces, most current research suggests a quadratic response, with increased activation associated with bo ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... the presence rather than the absence of the conditioned stimulus (contingency). Analysis of the conditions of learning reveals that rewards that are fully predicted do not contribute to learning [5]. Rather, the acquisition of associative strength of a conditioned stimulus depends on the discrepancy ...
... the presence rather than the absence of the conditioned stimulus (contingency). Analysis of the conditions of learning reveals that rewards that are fully predicted do not contribute to learning [5]. Rather, the acquisition of associative strength of a conditioned stimulus depends on the discrepancy ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... described by Keysers and Gazzola (2014). This involves the usage of an artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). The PM cortex coordinates self-performed actions, whereas the STS is a region known to respond to the sight ...
... described by Keysers and Gazzola (2014). This involves the usage of an artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). The PM cortex coordinates self-performed actions, whereas the STS is a region known to respond to the sight ...
The Mind-Body Problem and Current Behavioral
... conditioned by the shock rather than on behaviors that avoid the shock.» (He seems to consider this as an achievement or progress) ...
... conditioned by the shock rather than on behaviors that avoid the shock.» (He seems to consider this as an achievement or progress) ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... Andersen, 1987; Goldman-Rakic, 19871, mainly via the parahippocampal cortices (PH) (Jones and Powell, 1970; Van Hoesen, 1982; Amaral, 1987; Tranel et al., 1988). Recent results indicate that the HF, and the system to which it belongs, are essential for acquisition, relation, combination, and conjunc ...
... Andersen, 1987; Goldman-Rakic, 19871, mainly via the parahippocampal cortices (PH) (Jones and Powell, 1970; Van Hoesen, 1982; Amaral, 1987; Tranel et al., 1988). Recent results indicate that the HF, and the system to which it belongs, are essential for acquisition, relation, combination, and conjunc ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... of V1 outputs into stimulus selectivity in the middle temporal (MT) area is also relatively well-understood (Born & Bradley, 2005). By leveraging the large body of existing literature on these topics, we can examine quantitatively the function of contextual modulation in motion processing. Fig. 3 il ...
... of V1 outputs into stimulus selectivity in the middle temporal (MT) area is also relatively well-understood (Born & Bradley, 2005). By leveraging the large body of existing literature on these topics, we can examine quantitatively the function of contextual modulation in motion processing. Fig. 3 il ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... One striking aspect of Drosophila vision research is how simple the behavioral paradigms often are, compared with the complexity of the underlying circuits introduced above. Again, this is because initial approaches to vision were necessarily reductionist. These assays often involved fly populations ...
... One striking aspect of Drosophila vision research is how simple the behavioral paradigms often are, compared with the complexity of the underlying circuits introduced above. Again, this is because initial approaches to vision were necessarily reductionist. These assays often involved fly populations ...
Zoology 242 Anatomy of Nervous systems Lecture 8
... Classic Cranial Nerves • Nerves that originate from within the brain (as opposed to the spinal cord) and exit through the skull. • Serves both sensory and motor functions ...
... Classic Cranial Nerves • Nerves that originate from within the brain (as opposed to the spinal cord) and exit through the skull. • Serves both sensory and motor functions ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... harden the new one. In insects, it is triggered by the sudden release of the neuropeptide, EcdysisTriggering Hormone (ETH) (Ewer and Reynolds, 2002; Zitnan and Adams, 2012), which activates sequentially a number of peptidergic neurons, each expressing the A isoform of the ETH receptor (ETHR) (Diao e ...
... harden the new one. In insects, it is triggered by the sudden release of the neuropeptide, EcdysisTriggering Hormone (ETH) (Ewer and Reynolds, 2002; Zitnan and Adams, 2012), which activates sequentially a number of peptidergic neurons, each expressing the A isoform of the ETH receptor (ETHR) (Diao e ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... Here, the Ik are activities of afferent neurons, and the weights wjk specify the summation field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These ...
... Here, the Ik are activities of afferent neurons, and the weights wjk specify the summation field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... far. Contrary to current views3,5,7–9, this suggests that premotor activity in the frontal cortex does not have a role in the accumulation process, but instead has a more categorical function, such as transforming accumulated evidence into a discrete choice. To probe causally the role of FOF activit ...
... far. Contrary to current views3,5,7–9, this suggests that premotor activity in the frontal cortex does not have a role in the accumulation process, but instead has a more categorical function, such as transforming accumulated evidence into a discrete choice. To probe causally the role of FOF activit ...
Neural mechanisms underlying the evolvability of behaviour
... understand the neural basis of behaviour at the cellular level even within a single species. For example, although it has been studied intensively for more than a century [70,71], there is still no agreement on the cellular basis for spinal-generated locomotion [72–74]. Thus, in order to understand ...
... understand the neural basis of behaviour at the cellular level even within a single species. For example, although it has been studied intensively for more than a century [70,71], there is still no agreement on the cellular basis for spinal-generated locomotion [72–74]. Thus, in order to understand ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... different brain regions or different species may implement it with different available components. Two established examples of canonical neural computations are exponentiation and linear filtering. Exponentiation, a form of thresholding, operates at the level of neurons and of networks3 — for exampl ...
... different brain regions or different species may implement it with different available components. Two established examples of canonical neural computations are exponentiation and linear filtering. Exponentiation, a form of thresholding, operates at the level of neurons and of networks3 — for exampl ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... caudate nucleus and putamen. Most studies have emphasized the uniformity of these responses in different striatal regions, that is, the anterior striatum and posterior putamen, which appear to process, respectively, cognitive and motor information [10–13]. On the other hand, no study has yet monitor ...
... caudate nucleus and putamen. Most studies have emphasized the uniformity of these responses in different striatal regions, that is, the anterior striatum and posterior putamen, which appear to process, respectively, cognitive and motor information [10–13]. On the other hand, no study has yet monitor ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... 49 neurons with positive slopes constitute the focus of subsequent ana lyses (Supplementary Data 7 and Supplementary Figs. 7 and 8). We next performed the same analysis on two later epochs. In the post-saccadic epoch, we measured firing rates during the 400-ms handling time period beginning at sa ...
... 49 neurons with positive slopes constitute the focus of subsequent ana lyses (Supplementary Data 7 and Supplementary Figs. 7 and 8). We next performed the same analysis on two later epochs. In the post-saccadic epoch, we measured firing rates during the 400-ms handling time period beginning at sa ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.