Discussion and future directions
... neurons respond very rapidly to the input signals that are emitted synchronously and affected by similar values of noisy delays. Hence, their afferent weights become highly tuned to one input pattern. Note an important difference between learning with a SOM of continuous, rate-coding neurons and a S ...
... neurons respond very rapidly to the input signals that are emitted synchronously and affected by similar values of noisy delays. Hence, their afferent weights become highly tuned to one input pattern. Note an important difference between learning with a SOM of continuous, rate-coding neurons and a S ...
Significance of Neural Crest in Tooth Development
... Human development involves several stages and complex mechanisms. Every step in evolution and development is related to molecular changes and genetic sequence of activity. The morphological appearances of all the tissues and organs represent the synthesis of variety of genes working in a co-ordinate ...
... Human development involves several stages and complex mechanisms. Every step in evolution and development is related to molecular changes and genetic sequence of activity. The morphological appearances of all the tissues and organs represent the synthesis of variety of genes working in a co-ordinate ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal ...
... forward sensory information to the cerebellum via spino-olivo-cerebellar pathways (nociceptive signals are reduced while proprioceptive signals are enhanced); (2) alterations in cerebellar nuclear output as revealed by changes in expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity; and (3) regulation of spinal ...
The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... These approaches are mathematically equivalent. To create a model population of 10 or fewer neurons with nominally redundant feature selectivity, we aligned all cells by their preferred direction and assumed that all neurons had the same preferred speed. Then, we resampled the rasters of individual ...
... These approaches are mathematically equivalent. To create a model population of 10 or fewer neurons with nominally redundant feature selectivity, we aligned all cells by their preferred direction and assumed that all neurons had the same preferred speed. Then, we resampled the rasters of individual ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... temporally modulated input activity, using the cat visual system as a model. We were particularly interested to see whether the retinothalamo-cortical system exhibits preferences for certain oscillation frequencies and whether these preferences depend on the state of central core modulatory systems. ...
... temporally modulated input activity, using the cat visual system as a model. We were particularly interested to see whether the retinothalamo-cortical system exhibits preferences for certain oscillation frequencies and whether these preferences depend on the state of central core modulatory systems. ...
Expectancies in decision making, reinforcement
... testing chamber where actions A and B are available but do not lead to reward. All the agent has to go on is its previously learned, cached values for A and B, thus expressing no preference between them1. However, what can be observed experimentally is that animals now prefer the left lever (which p ...
... testing chamber where actions A and B are available but do not lead to reward. All the agent has to go on is its previously learned, cached values for A and B, thus expressing no preference between them1. However, what can be observed experimentally is that animals now prefer the left lever (which p ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
Doubly stochastic processes: an approach for understanding central
... where the expectation is conditioned on Λt, the history of the process up to time t. Tuckwell and others have studies similar questions in the case of stochastic diffusion; in their case, conditioning on the past was unnecessary [23]. If we make the assumption that λ'(t) = E[λ' | Λt], we obtain a sy ...
... where the expectation is conditioned on Λt, the history of the process up to time t. Tuckwell and others have studies similar questions in the case of stochastic diffusion; in their case, conditioning on the past was unnecessary [23]. If we make the assumption that λ'(t) = E[λ' | Λt], we obtain a sy ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships they might share with other descending controls modulating the transmission of nociceptive signals. The responses of lumbar convergent neurons to noxious stimulation (15-s immersion in a 48 ...
... was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships they might share with other descending controls modulating the transmission of nociceptive signals. The responses of lumbar convergent neurons to noxious stimulation (15-s immersion in a 48 ...
Contraction Properties of VLSI Cooperative Competitive Neural
... A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be modified by mismatch and the activities will fluctuate due to external ...
... A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be modified by mismatch and the activities will fluctuate due to external ...
working draft - DAVID KAPLAN | Macquarie University
... The major difficulty with this and many other traditional positions staked out on both sides of the debate over explanatory autonomy is that they all commonly assume the appropriateness of what is now widely recognized as an outdated and inapplicable law-based model of theory reduction and explanati ...
... The major difficulty with this and many other traditional positions staked out on both sides of the debate over explanatory autonomy is that they all commonly assume the appropriateness of what is now widely recognized as an outdated and inapplicable law-based model of theory reduction and explanati ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... • gray matter is in the center, and contains cell bodies of spinal neurons; • white matter surrounds gray matter and contains axons that conduct information up and down the spinal cord; • spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord. ...
... • gray matter is in the center, and contains cell bodies of spinal neurons; • white matter surrounds gray matter and contains axons that conduct information up and down the spinal cord; • spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord. ...
An overview of reservoir computing: theory, applications and
... given, it is best to create the reservoir with a uniform pole placement, so that all possible frequencies are maximally covered, an idea which originated from the identification of linear systems using Kautz filters. The random connectivity does not give a clear insight in what is going on in the re ...
... given, it is best to create the reservoir with a uniform pole placement, so that all possible frequencies are maximally covered, an idea which originated from the identification of linear systems using Kautz filters. The random connectivity does not give a clear insight in what is going on in the re ...
Lecture #1 - University of Utah
... 2) Heterosynaptic LTP: simultaneous input @ two synapses leads to potentiation of transmission through single synapse later. AMPA & NMDA receptors for Glutamate can mediate this ‘associative LTP’ Increase conductance Of AMPA receptors ...
... 2) Heterosynaptic LTP: simultaneous input @ two synapses leads to potentiation of transmission through single synapse later. AMPA & NMDA receptors for Glutamate can mediate this ‘associative LTP’ Increase conductance Of AMPA receptors ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... At the cellular level, changes in the firing activity of NAcc neurons are associated with different phases of behavior, including preparation and response, reward expectation, and reward delivery (Carelli and Deadwyler 1994; Bowman et al. 1996; Carelli et al. 2000; Hollerman et al. 2000). During the ...
... At the cellular level, changes in the firing activity of NAcc neurons are associated with different phases of behavior, including preparation and response, reward expectation, and reward delivery (Carelli and Deadwyler 1994; Bowman et al. 1996; Carelli et al. 2000; Hollerman et al. 2000). During the ...
Biology and Behavior
... Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. ...
... Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. ...
attention - CMU Graphics
... --feature-based and space-based attentions are very similar. -- space can be considered one of the feature -- may be spatial locations identified by the animal as behaviorally relevant based on color luminance. -- feature-similarity gain model responses would be enhanced for all neurons whose sensory ...
... --feature-based and space-based attentions are very similar. -- space can be considered one of the feature -- may be spatial locations identified by the animal as behaviorally relevant based on color luminance. -- feature-similarity gain model responses would be enhanced for all neurons whose sensory ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular accelerations, and three otolithic endorgans (saccule, lagena, and utricle) that serve gravistasis and auditory functions to encode linear particle motion. Auditory information is transferred from the hair-cell sensory maculae vi ...
... semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular accelerations, and three otolithic endorgans (saccule, lagena, and utricle) that serve gravistasis and auditory functions to encode linear particle motion. Auditory information is transferred from the hair-cell sensory maculae vi ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... average values reported by [13] for male speakers. It can be seen that the generated vowel transforms are in line with the vowel distribution clouds produced from natural speech of a single speaker [14]. All transforms were checked by human subjects to ensure that they were recognisable as either an ...
... average values reported by [13] for male speakers. It can be seen that the generated vowel transforms are in line with the vowel distribution clouds produced from natural speech of a single speaker [14]. All transforms were checked by human subjects to ensure that they were recognisable as either an ...
Crapse (2008) Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom
... “corollary discharge” (CD) to denote motor-related signals that influence sensory processing, but his conception was less specific as to where the branch from motor to sensory pathways should emerge. In this Review we compare motor-to-sensory circuits across different species and different levels of ...
... “corollary discharge” (CD) to denote motor-related signals that influence sensory processing, but his conception was less specific as to where the branch from motor to sensory pathways should emerge. In this Review we compare motor-to-sensory circuits across different species and different levels of ...
Understanding Embodied Cognition through Dynamical Systems
... abstract, purely computational level characterizes the nature of the problem solved by the nervous system. The second, algorithmic level consists of specific forms in which such abstract computations can be structured. Finally, the third level of neuronal implementation deals with how specific neuro ...
... abstract, purely computational level characterizes the nature of the problem solved by the nervous system. The second, algorithmic level consists of specific forms in which such abstract computations can be structured. Finally, the third level of neuronal implementation deals with how specific neuro ...
An overview of reservoir computing: theory, applications and
... given, it is best to create the reservoir with a uniform pole placement, so that all possible frequencies are maximally covered, an idea which originated from the identification of linear systems using Kautz filters. The random connectivity does not give a clear insight in what is going on in the rese ...
... given, it is best to create the reservoir with a uniform pole placement, so that all possible frequencies are maximally covered, an idea which originated from the identification of linear systems using Kautz filters. The random connectivity does not give a clear insight in what is going on in the rese ...
Rewardguided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus
... bidirectional control, establishes that animals can exert control over a particular response by requiring the reversal of the direction of that response to earn reward (Hershberger, 1986; Heyes & Dawson, 1990). Unfortunately, in a maze, response reversal may still not be sufficient to establish an ac ...
... bidirectional control, establishes that animals can exert control over a particular response by requiring the reversal of the direction of that response to earn reward (Hershberger, 1986; Heyes & Dawson, 1990). Unfortunately, in a maze, response reversal may still not be sufficient to establish an ac ...
Article
... events are fundamental to sensory processing. However, the mechanisms by which the brain measures time over ranges of milliseconds to seconds remain unclear. The dominant model of temporal processing proposes that an oscillator emits events that are integrated to provide a linear metric of time. We ...
... events are fundamental to sensory processing. However, the mechanisms by which the brain measures time over ranges of milliseconds to seconds remain unclear. The dominant model of temporal processing proposes that an oscillator emits events that are integrated to provide a linear metric of time. We ...
The Neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud
... a neuron (Bullock, 1957; Bullock and Terzuolo, 1957, 1958). It has been conclusively demonstrated, at least for the nervous system of lower organisms, that graded response mechanisms in different parts ...
... a neuron (Bullock, 1957; Bullock and Terzuolo, 1957, 1958). It has been conclusively demonstrated, at least for the nervous system of lower organisms, that graded response mechanisms in different parts ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.