Neuronal correlates of decision
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... overall procedure employed during these experiments. In each recording session, stimuli were phee calls produced by a single marmoset previously recorded during naturally occurring antiphonal calling interactions. Based on earlier work showing acoustic differences in phee calls based on the context ...
... overall procedure employed during these experiments. In each recording session, stimuli were phee calls produced by a single marmoset previously recorded during naturally occurring antiphonal calling interactions. Based on earlier work showing acoustic differences in phee calls based on the context ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... By the late 20th century, behavioral methods had become more precise and quantitative. We take the ideas expressed by Whitfield (1979) as a conceptual framework. After analyzing the behavioral effects of lesions in the auditory system, Whitfield noted that animals can perform fine sensory discriminatio ...
... By the late 20th century, behavioral methods had become more precise and quantitative. We take the ideas expressed by Whitfield (1979) as a conceptual framework. After analyzing the behavioral effects of lesions in the auditory system, Whitfield noted that animals can perform fine sensory discriminatio ...
Controlling the Elements: An Optogenetic Approach to
... (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by which fear conditioning is implemented at the level of defined neural circuits. In addition, information processing by neurons in these brain regions and particularly how circuit mechanisms give ris ...
... (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by which fear conditioning is implemented at the level of defined neural circuits. In addition, information processing by neurons in these brain regions and particularly how circuit mechanisms give ris ...
VALUE-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE BRAIN: SIMULATION IN
... improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or innate value. On the basis of these results, we then exami ...
... improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or innate value. On the basis of these results, we then exami ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... coordination of insights from many parts of vision science - including optics, retinal processing, cortical circuitry, local field potentials, scalp recordings, and perception. Integration across these measures is challenging because each samples the nervous system in its own way and produces output ...
... coordination of insights from many parts of vision science - including optics, retinal processing, cortical circuitry, local field potentials, scalp recordings, and perception. Integration across these measures is challenging because each samples the nervous system in its own way and produces output ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... concerning the sources of short-latency sensory inputs to midbrain DA neurons. Because most experiments analysing the sensory properties of DA neurons have used visual stimuli2,9, from this point we concentrate on probable visual afferents to the ventral midbrain. Note also that our use of the term ...
... concerning the sources of short-latency sensory inputs to midbrain DA neurons. Because most experiments analysing the sensory properties of DA neurons have used visual stimuli2,9, from this point we concentrate on probable visual afferents to the ventral midbrain. Note also that our use of the term ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... Another set of models, named neural mass (NM) models [11 –14], avoid the single-neuron perspective and consider instead the averaged behaviour of the neuronal population. This mesoscopic description is more phenomenological than the single-neuron models, in the sense that it represents directly the ...
... Another set of models, named neural mass (NM) models [11 –14], avoid the single-neuron perspective and consider instead the averaged behaviour of the neuronal population. This mesoscopic description is more phenomenological than the single-neuron models, in the sense that it represents directly the ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in Xenopus
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
- Wiley Online Library
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
cur op e-print version
... degraded and, in some cases, reversed so that following substantial intake of sucrose, the BSR alone was preferred to the combination of sucrose and the same BSR train. In contrast, the accumulation of prodigious quantities of concentrated sucrose in the gut failed to increase the threshold for BSR ...
... degraded and, in some cases, reversed so that following substantial intake of sucrose, the BSR alone was preferred to the combination of sucrose and the same BSR train. In contrast, the accumulation of prodigious quantities of concentrated sucrose in the gut failed to increase the threshold for BSR ...
PDF
... Units recorded from optic fibre terminals in the superficial neuropil of the optic tectum were classified according to their responses to moving black stimuli, to spots of light and to changes in background illumination. 96 % of units were easily classifiable into one of three categories (Keating & ...
... Units recorded from optic fibre terminals in the superficial neuropil of the optic tectum were classified according to their responses to moving black stimuli, to spots of light and to changes in background illumination. 96 % of units were easily classifiable into one of three categories (Keating & ...
An Action Selection Calculus
... The task here, then, is to provide a minimal description of the principles underlying the mechanisms involved that recognizes natural diversity, yet covers the range of phenomena observed. The approach here is reductive, abstracting from the mass of experimental detail to reveal a broader unifying c ...
... The task here, then, is to provide a minimal description of the principles underlying the mechanisms involved that recognizes natural diversity, yet covers the range of phenomena observed. The approach here is reductive, abstracting from the mass of experimental detail to reveal a broader unifying c ...
Identification of Mechanoafferent Neurons in Terrestrial Snail
... Terrestrial snail Helix lucorum is a useful model for studying the cellular basis of different behaviors. Neural mechanisms of avoidance behavior had been intensively studied during last two decades, and the efferent part of the withdrawal neural circuit in Helix has been described in details (Balab ...
... Terrestrial snail Helix lucorum is a useful model for studying the cellular basis of different behaviors. Neural mechanisms of avoidance behavior had been intensively studied during last two decades, and the efferent part of the withdrawal neural circuit in Helix has been described in details (Balab ...
Coefficient of Variation (CV) vs Mean Interspike Interval (ISI) curves
... The effect of concurrent inhibition and excitation was also examined by Feng and Brown [8,9] who showed that the CV is an increasing function of the length of the distribution of the input inter-arrival times and the degree of balance between excitation and inhibition (r). They also showed that ther ...
... The effect of concurrent inhibition and excitation was also examined by Feng and Brown [8,9] who showed that the CV is an increasing function of the length of the distribution of the input inter-arrival times and the degree of balance between excitation and inhibition (r). They also showed that ther ...
Biological Cybernetics
... The calculations reveal the following result: the existence of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of curve 1, where all receptive fields are assumed to have the same size. These findings suggest that the l ...
... The calculations reveal the following result: the existence of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of curve 1, where all receptive fields are assumed to have the same size. These findings suggest that the l ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... During the recent years neurons of the visual cortex have been extensively investigated according to a diversity of feature attributes. In search of optimal stimulus conditions, they were classified with respect to differing receptive field (RF) properties. However, RFs can exhibit complex, nonpredi ...
... During the recent years neurons of the visual cortex have been extensively investigated according to a diversity of feature attributes. In search of optimal stimulus conditions, they were classified with respect to differing receptive field (RF) properties. However, RFs can exhibit complex, nonpredi ...
Encoding of Action History in the Rat Ventral Striatum
... value functions based on the reward prediction errors are not well understood. Clearly, this updating mechanism has to integrate multiple types of signals, such as value functions and reward prediction errors. In addition, the process of reinforcement learning would be greatly facilitated if memory ...
... value functions based on the reward prediction errors are not well understood. Clearly, this updating mechanism has to integrate multiple types of signals, such as value functions and reward prediction errors. In addition, the process of reinforcement learning would be greatly facilitated if memory ...
An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear
... (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by which fear conditioning is implemented at the level of defined neural circuits. In addition, information processing by neurons in these brain regions and particularly how circuit mechanisms give ris ...
... (1–7,11–13). Despite this progress, much remains to be understood about the fundamental principles by which fear conditioning is implemented at the level of defined neural circuits. In addition, information processing by neurons in these brain regions and particularly how circuit mechanisms give ris ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... cording to the interval between successive rewards. Because of methodWe used high-pass filter with cutoff ⫽ 200 s. ological constraints imposed by the fMRI method, we randomly interFor each subject, we constructed an fMRI design matrix by modeling spersed 30 s blocks of responding on these different ...
... cording to the interval between successive rewards. Because of methodWe used high-pass filter with cutoff ⫽ 200 s. ological constraints imposed by the fMRI method, we randomly interFor each subject, we constructed an fMRI design matrix by modeling spersed 30 s blocks of responding on these different ...
Emergence of Mirror Neurons in a Model of Gaze Following
... cues for gaze following. An earlier model [2], [21], from which the current one is derived, also explained delays or the complete absence of gaze following in certain developmental disorders such as autism or in other species. These models are based on biologically plausible reinforcement learning m ...
... cues for gaze following. An earlier model [2], [21], from which the current one is derived, also explained delays or the complete absence of gaze following in certain developmental disorders such as autism or in other species. These models are based on biologically plausible reinforcement learning m ...
Critical Periods:
... – increases in estrogen lead to increases in ER within lateral VMH – estrogen binds to ER induce expression of PR (genomic mechanism) – rising progesterone levels then bind to PR induce the expression of other proteins that serve to activate lordosis (genomic mechanism) – know that protein systhesis ...
... – increases in estrogen lead to increases in ER within lateral VMH – estrogen binds to ER induce expression of PR (genomic mechanism) – rising progesterone levels then bind to PR induce the expression of other proteins that serve to activate lordosis (genomic mechanism) – know that protein systhesis ...
A Neuroscientific Approach to Emotion System for Intelligent Agents.
... Rewards and punishers can be defined as reinforcers, because they change the probability of behavior [8]. There are two types of reinforcers: primary and secondary reinforcers [9]. The primary reinforcer (e.g., the taste of food or pain) is unlearned, and has innate reinforcing properties. The secon ...
... Rewards and punishers can be defined as reinforcers, because they change the probability of behavior [8]. There are two types of reinforcers: primary and secondary reinforcers [9]. The primary reinforcer (e.g., the taste of food or pain) is unlearned, and has innate reinforcing properties. The secon ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.