C ontribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to laser
... The emotional component of nociception is seldom distinguished from pain behavioral testing. The aim of the present study was to develop a behavioral test that indicates the emotional pain responses using the classical conditioning paradigm. The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pro ...
... The emotional component of nociception is seldom distinguished from pain behavioral testing. The aim of the present study was to develop a behavioral test that indicates the emotional pain responses using the classical conditioning paradigm. The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pro ...
Full Text
... our knowledge about visual areas of the brain can enhance our ability to predict illusory experiences (40). However, two arguments will be presented in the following sections that support the role of a top-down strategy in identifying the common neural processes inferred from perceptual principles p ...
... our knowledge about visual areas of the brain can enhance our ability to predict illusory experiences (40). However, two arguments will be presented in the following sections that support the role of a top-down strategy in identifying the common neural processes inferred from perceptual principles p ...
AND X 2
... First of all, a brief history of work in ANN Important concepts/terms in ANN Then look at how simple algebra problems can be solved in ANN ...
... First of all, a brief history of work in ANN Important concepts/terms in ANN Then look at how simple algebra problems can be solved in ANN ...
Fine tuning of vestibular apparatus in terrestrial snail at Earth and
... Retrieval of memory (reminding) is followed either by reconsolidation that maintains the memory, or by extinction that results in weakening of existing memory or formation of a competing memory. In our study we analyzed the behavior and responses of identified neurons involved in the network underly ...
... Retrieval of memory (reminding) is followed either by reconsolidation that maintains the memory, or by extinction that results in weakening of existing memory or formation of a competing memory. In our study we analyzed the behavior and responses of identified neurons involved in the network underly ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... lambs. We know little about the mechanisms for these timing differences, but whatever they are, they must originate within the brain, given its essential role in regulating GnRH secretion. Most likely, these mechanisms are both genetic and programmed, but a pure genetic basis is difficult to evaluat ...
... lambs. We know little about the mechanisms for these timing differences, but whatever they are, they must originate within the brain, given its essential role in regulating GnRH secretion. Most likely, these mechanisms are both genetic and programmed, but a pure genetic basis is difficult to evaluat ...
different sensory modalities
... weaker (fewer impulses, shorter discharge train duration, lower peak frequencies, lower response reliability) than one stimulus alone • Response depression is less common than enhancement; it depends on some specific properties as spatial inhibition, inhibitory surrounds, inhibitory inputs that are ...
... weaker (fewer impulses, shorter discharge train duration, lower peak frequencies, lower response reliability) than one stimulus alone • Response depression is less common than enhancement; it depends on some specific properties as spatial inhibition, inhibitory surrounds, inhibitory inputs that are ...
Computational physics: Neural networks
... mann Machines [9]. We will study important properties of such networks such as transients, equilibrium, ergodicity and periodicity in section 2.3. An exact description of transient and stationary behavior for stochastic neural networks is not possible in general. In some special cases, however, one ...
... mann Machines [9]. We will study important properties of such networks such as transients, equilibrium, ergodicity and periodicity in section 2.3. An exact description of transient and stationary behavior for stochastic neural networks is not possible in general. In some special cases, however, one ...
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system Review
... nervous system and eye-bearing sensory complex (Rhopalia) of cnidarians, an increasing number of examples indicating the evolutionary convergence in both nervous and sensory systems (Nishikawa 2002) make it difficult to simply compare cnidarian and bilaterian neural structures and to place the evolu ...
... nervous system and eye-bearing sensory complex (Rhopalia) of cnidarians, an increasing number of examples indicating the evolutionary convergence in both nervous and sensory systems (Nishikawa 2002) make it difficult to simply compare cnidarian and bilaterian neural structures and to place the evolu ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... distinct specialized modules and they believe that this rich modularity is basically innate. Cognitivist modules are theoretical entities which are postulated in “boxes-and-arrows” models used to explain behavioral data. On the other hand, connectionists tend to think that the mind is a more homogen ...
... distinct specialized modules and they believe that this rich modularity is basically innate. Cognitivist modules are theoretical entities which are postulated in “boxes-and-arrows” models used to explain behavioral data. On the other hand, connectionists tend to think that the mind is a more homogen ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... distinct specialized modules and they believe that this rich modularity is basically innate. Cognitivist modules are theoretical entities which are postulated in “boxes-and-arrows” models used to explain behavioral data. On the other hand, connectionists tend to think that the mind is a more homogen ...
... distinct specialized modules and they believe that this rich modularity is basically innate. Cognitivist modules are theoretical entities which are postulated in “boxes-and-arrows” models used to explain behavioral data. On the other hand, connectionists tend to think that the mind is a more homogen ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... conduction along the entire fiber. The giant nerve fibers in Lumbriculus are tightly wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same f ...
... conduction along the entire fiber. The giant nerve fibers in Lumbriculus are tightly wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same f ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... conduction along the entire fiber. The giant nerve fibers in Lumbriculus are tightly wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same f ...
... conduction along the entire fiber. The giant nerve fibers in Lumbriculus are tightly wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same f ...
Challenges for Brain Emulation
... axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed earlier, with Ca++, Na+, and K+ currents through ion channels, can require relatively expensive computations. Simulation is further complicated when one ...
... axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed earlier, with Ca++, Na+, and K+ currents through ion channels, can require relatively expensive computations. Simulation is further complicated when one ...
moth`s nervous system - Wageningen UR E
... associated with the MGC: the male-specific local and projection neurons. Stimulus quality. By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the activity of AL neurons in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex-pheromone components aswell as p ...
... associated with the MGC: the male-specific local and projection neurons. Stimulus quality. By means of intracellular recording and staining methods, we have examined the activity of AL neurons in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with each of the sex-pheromone components aswell as p ...
(addl. 3)
... axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed earlier, with Ca++, Na+, and K+ currents through ion channels, can require relatively expensive computations. Simulation is further complicated when one ...
... axon hillock, or the synapse, where spikes are transformed into post-synaptic potentials. The Hodgkin-Huxley [ 4] biological neural model discussed earlier, with Ca++, Na+, and K+ currents through ion channels, can require relatively expensive computations. Simulation is further complicated when one ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... However, the similarity between the transient and steady-state response patterns within each pathway (Figs 1, 2) indicates that the sustained activation may also be pathway-speci®c, and that it is dominated, at least to a ®rst approximation, by closed thalamocortical loops in each pathway. A strikin ...
... However, the similarity between the transient and steady-state response patterns within each pathway (Figs 1, 2) indicates that the sustained activation may also be pathway-speci®c, and that it is dominated, at least to a ®rst approximation, by closed thalamocortical loops in each pathway. A strikin ...
Neural computations associated with goal
... situations and have found that BOLD activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) correlates with behavioral measures of stimulus values [11-‐13]. These findings are consistent with monkey neurophysiology stu ...
... situations and have found that BOLD activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) correlates with behavioral measures of stimulus values [11-‐13]. These findings are consistent with monkey neurophysiology stu ...
Predicting Spiking Activities in DLS Neurons with Linear
... Figure 3: The Top Principal Components of the Linear Coefficients The current study identified subpopulations of neurons that primarily correlate with different feature modalities. The proportion of neurons that are identified to be correlated with head position history is higher (32 out of 47) when ...
... Figure 3: The Top Principal Components of the Linear Coefficients The current study identified subpopulations of neurons that primarily correlate with different feature modalities. The proportion of neurons that are identified to be correlated with head position history is higher (32 out of 47) when ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... All theories about how the brain functions are based on the idea that information is represented by the electrical activity of neurons. The question of how neurons represent information is therefore fundamental to all branches of neuroscience. What is the neural code of information, and how is it us ...
... All theories about how the brain functions are based on the idea that information is represented by the electrical activity of neurons. The question of how neurons represent information is therefore fundamental to all branches of neuroscience. What is the neural code of information, and how is it us ...
1 How the Nervous System Works
... Your nervous system includes various organs, tissues, and cells. For example, your brain is an organ, and the nerves running throughout your body are tissues. The cells that carry information through your nervous system are called neurons(NOO rahnz), or nerve cells. The message that a neuron carries ...
... Your nervous system includes various organs, tissues, and cells. For example, your brain is an organ, and the nerves running throughout your body are tissues. The cells that carry information through your nervous system are called neurons(NOO rahnz), or nerve cells. The message that a neuron carries ...
Equine Pain
... • Animal pain is an aversive, sensory experience representing awareness by the animal of damage or threat to the integrity of its tissues (note that there might not be any damage). It changes the animal’s physiology and behavior to reduce or avoid the damage, to reduce the likelihood of its recurren ...
... • Animal pain is an aversive, sensory experience representing awareness by the animal of damage or threat to the integrity of its tissues (note that there might not be any damage). It changes the animal’s physiology and behavior to reduce or avoid the damage, to reduce the likelihood of its recurren ...
Historical analysis of the neural control of movement from the
... happening to the center of mass, as all now attracts increasing attention to help understand the neural programming involved. Whole animal studies then inevitably lapsed, as there must have seemed little that could usefully be done. Acute experimentation reigned throughout the 19th and much of the 2 ...
... happening to the center of mass, as all now attracts increasing attention to help understand the neural programming involved. Whole animal studies then inevitably lapsed, as there must have seemed little that could usefully be done. Acute experimentation reigned throughout the 19th and much of the 2 ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... multi-layer biological neural systems with at least 10 synaptic stages (“layers”) are able to complete complex computations within just 150 ms [11, 54]. Each neuron can contribute at most 1 or 2 spikes to such computation. This is demonstrated in Fig. 2, which also shows that inter-spike intervals t ...
... multi-layer biological neural systems with at least 10 synaptic stages (“layers”) are able to complete complex computations within just 150 ms [11, 54]. Each neuron can contribute at most 1 or 2 spikes to such computation. This is demonstrated in Fig. 2, which also shows that inter-spike intervals t ...
Monitoring Piecewise Continuous Behaviors by Refining Semi
... Model-based monitoring relies on a comparison between the predicted behavior of a model and the observed behavior of a physical system. Traditional monitoring approaches typically use a single precise model of the physical system. However, even if the system is behaving properly, precise parameter v ...
... Model-based monitoring relies on a comparison between the predicted behavior of a model and the observed behavior of a physical system. Traditional monitoring approaches typically use a single precise model of the physical system. However, even if the system is behaving properly, precise parameter v ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.